• 한국주거학회논문집
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• 제8권3호
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• pp.131-139
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• 1997

The purpose of this study is to analyse the housing values of the university student. The data is collected through the self-entry questionnaire that designed for this study. The 512 data obtained were analysed by Frequencies. Mean, Factor analysis, t-test, oneway ANOVA, $\chi$$^2$-test. Duncan's Multiple Range Test. The major findings are as follows: 1) The Housing Value was classified of 5 factors which Location-Environment. Social - Psychology, Physical factor of Housing, Life-Conciousness and Investmental of Value. 2) Their relevance variables of Housing value were sex, the educational course and occupation of their father and income. 3) Their preference trend of Housing appeared to the apartment and One-room system, and green tract of the space etc.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.77-86
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• 2002

토양으로부터 chitinase를 생성하는 균주를 분리하여 동정한 결과 Bacillus subtilis로 판명되었으며, 분리한 균주를 Bacillus subtilis JK-56이라 명명하였다. B. subtilis JK-56의 chitinase 생산 최적 조건을 검토한 결과 1% chitin, 0.5% polypeptone, 0.1% KCI, 0.05% MnS $O_4$.4$H_2O$이며 초발 pH 7.0, 배양온도 37$^{\circ}C$에서 가장 많은 효소를 생산하였다. 본 균주가 생산하는 chitinase를 정제하기 위해서 native-PAGE를 이용해 효소활성 band를 확인한 결과, 1개의 강한 활성 band와 2개의 약한 활성 band를 가지는 isozyme으로 확인되었다. 확인된 isozyme을 정제한 결과, isozyme 중 1개의 강한 활성 band를 정제하였고 정제된 효소를 Chi-56A라고 명명하였다 Chi-56A의 효소 특성에 관해서 실험한 결과 분자량은 약 53kDa, pI는 4.3으로 확인되었다. 본 효소는 $65^{\circ}C$까지 상당히 안정하였으며 효소의 최대활성 온도도 $65^{\circ}C$로 확인되는 등 열에 대해 상당히 안정한 효소로 확인되었다. Collidal chitin에 대한 정제효소 Chi-56A의 $K_{m}$ 값은 17.33g/L였다. 그리고 pH 6.0에서 최대의 활성을 나타내었고, 산성범위보다 알칼리범위에서 안정한 것으로 나타났다. 또한 $Mn^{2+}$ 존재 하에서 높은 활성을 나타내었고 C $O^{2+}$와 $Mg^{2+}$ 존재 하에서도 활성이 약간 증가한 반면에 H $g^{2+}$ 존재 하에서는 상당한 저해를 받았다. Chito 올리고당에 대한 분해 산물을 HPLC로 확인해 본 결과 짝수개의 올리고당의 분해산물은 (GlcNAc)$_2$만을 생산하였고 홀수개의 올리고당에 대해서는 GlcNAc와 (GlcNAc)$_2$를 생산하는 것으로 비환원성 말단으로부터 이당체인 diacetyl chitobiose ((GlcNAc)$_2$)를 생산하는 exo형 chitinase로 추정 된다.

• 한국광학회지
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• 제10권4호
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• pp.289-293
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• 1999

제 2고조파 발생으로부터 다공질 규소의 표면에서 비션형 광학감수율 ${\chi}^{(2)}_{zzz}$을 측정한 결과 그 크기는 단결정 규소에 비하여 약 100배 증가한 $1.04{\times}10_{-7}$ esu 임을 얻었으며, 다공질 질소 위에 흡착된 분자의 방향이 ${16.8}^{\circ}$로 관측되었다.

• 간호행정학회지
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• 제16권4호
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• pp.497-506
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• 2010

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine the causal relationships among quality of health care service, service value, satisfaction and loyalty as perceived by hospital inpatients. Methods: A survey using a structured questionnaire was conducted with 654 hospital inpatients. Analysis of the data was done with both SPSS Win 17.0 for descriptive statistics and AMOS 18.0 for the structural equation model. Results: The modified model yielded Chi-square=7.96 (p=.019), df=2, $x^2$/df=3.98, GFI=.99, AGFI=.96, RMSEA=.07, NFI=.99, CFI=.99, TLI=.98 and showed good fit indices. Three dimensions of quality had significant direct effects on service value. Functional quality, technical quality and service value had significant direct effects on customer satisfaction. Technical quality, service value, and customer satisfaction had significant direct effects on customer loyalty. Conclusion: These results suggest that quality of health care is an important element in service value, and through both quality and service value, customer satisfaction and customer loyalty can be enhanced. Further study with a larger sample from various hospitals and a longitudinal design is necessary.

• 농촌지도와개발
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• 제3권2호
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• pp.273-284
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• 1996

This study aimed at measuring the rural people's level of value and morality, identifying its related variables, and drawing some implications for rural adult education. To measure their value and moral levels, 141 Yoncheon county adults were interviewed or asked to answer the questionnaires based on the Braithwaite and Law's(value) and Rest's(morality) instruments. The data were analyzed mainly by ANOVA, Chi square test and Pearson product-moment correlation. The major findings were: (1) The rural people mainly remained in vital feeling value(fourth) level out of five levels(religious holiness, spiritual, mind, vital feeling and sensible feeling value in order), (2) They remained in harmonious interpersonal expectations stage(fourth mortality level) out of six stage(universal ethical principles, social contract, social conscience maintenance, harmonious interpersonal expectation, instrumental purpose, and punishment/obedience in order), (3) Religion, the number of participation in adult education, and the length of such participation were three variables related to the level of value, and age, schooling years, and the number of family wane three variable related to their morality level, and (4) The relationship between value and morality levels was not significantly identified. Rural adult education needs to be more strengthened for improving their spiritual quality of life.

• 식품보건융합연구
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.1-11
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• 2019

Smoking has become one of the public health harzard affecting the world. In the UK, smoking is responsible for around one in five deaths. The illnesses caused by smoking extend beyond the well-reported links with cancer, heart disease and respiratory illnesses. Hence the research to determine the awareness of the predisposing factor to smoking among adults in sokoto metropolis. A cross-sectional form of descriptive survey research design was used for this study. This is because descriptive studies are used when the characteristics of a population are either unknown or partially known (Hennekens & Buring, 2007), and it was used by Ganley and Rosario (2013) in a related research this justified the use of similar design in a study of similar nature.Two hundred and seventy returned questionnaire was collected, analyzed using descriptive statistic of frequency count, normative percentage and grand mean; as well as inferential statistics of chi-square (${\chi}^2$). The level of significant was fixed at 0.05. Appropriate degrees of freedom were worked out. There was statistical significant influence or relationship with marital status on the predisposing factors of smoking chi-square of 19716.516 greater than the critical value 43.77297at df 30 p<0.05. There were statistical significance chi-square =27468.348 which is greater than the critical value 43.77297 at df= 30. These show that there is a relationship on gender awareness of predisposing factors to smoking rejecting the null hypotheses. The respondents across different lever/year higher institution shows that the awareness of predisposing factors of smoking there were a statistical significance difference chi-square =7168.429 (df=88) greater than critical value 102.342 rejecting the null hypotheses. There is consistent evidence that links exposure to depictions of smoking in movies and initiation of smoking in young people. Over the years television shows and films have effectively built up associations between smoking and glamour, sex and risk-taking. Social learning theory describes how we learn by example from others. We are strongly influenced by our parents, and other people we look up to, such as peers, actors and pop stars. This can lead us to emulate their behaviour and try smoking.

• 한국조리학회지
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• 제19권3호
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• pp.18-32
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• 2013

This study attempts to 1) identify the dimensions of perceived value in the restaurant industry and 2) assess the effects of these dimensions on overall customer satisfaction and behavioral intent. With a total of 272 samples obtained from empirical research, this study reviews the reliability and fitness of the research model, and verifies a total of 4 hypotheses using the Amos program. The hypothesized relationships in the model were tested simultaneously using a structural equation model(SEM). The proposed model provided an adequate fit to the data:${\chi}^2$ 140.087(df 80), CMIN/df 1.751, RMR .060, GFI .937, AGFI .906, NFI .962, CFI .983, RMSEA .053. As a result of confirmatorical analysis, the quality value, emotional value and economical value were quantified as perceived value in fastfood restaurants. These factors were indicated to have influence on customer satisfaction and re-visit intention. Limitations and future research were also discussed.

• Journal of applied mathematics & informatics
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• 제38권3_4호
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• pp.277-290
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• 2020

We propose and analyze a chord summation algorithm, which combines the ideas of Viète and Archimedes to calculate the value of π. The error of the algorithm decreases exponentially per iteration and becomes pinched at a critical iteration, depending on the accuracy of the first input value, ${\sqrt{2}}$. The critical iteration is also analyzed.

• 대한가정학회지
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• 제36권11호
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• pp.119-128
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• 1998

This study was designed to find tendencies of housing value orientation of the model steel house visitors. Questionnaires were collected in June, 1997, 1,550 in total, 508 cases from Seoul, 456 cases from Pohang, and 486 cases from Kwangyang. Data were analyzed in terms of housing value orientation, using statistical methods including frequencies, mean, percentages, chi-square test and multiple regression. The major findings are as follows; 1. The subjects were highly educated(64% of them were college graduates) with the monthly income over 2,000,000won(approximately $1,540). The average monthy income of the subjects in Seoul, about 4,000,000won($3,070), was much higher than that of other areas. Most of the subjects were condominium owners(72%), who preferred single detatched houses or town houses located in suburban areas. 2. Differences in general tendencies among the three regional groups were statistically significant. Most significantly, subjects living in Pohang regarded the reputation of the building construction company most importnat. Subjects of all three regional areas, especially in Pohang, emphasized investment value. The price of the steel house was regarded as very important by all the groups tested. The housing value orientation was analyzed in 3 aspects; (1) Facility.Plumbing.Structure(FPS), (2) Interior space formation.Design(ID) and (3) Developmental complex.Near Environment(DN). Interior environment level, stability of house structure, and finighing state of interiors were identified as the important factors in the area of FPS(p<.05). The Interior plan organization was the most important factor among ID. As for DN, rated importantly were educational facilities, green areas, convenience of commercial facilities within the developmental complex were rated importantly.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• 제62권6호
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• pp.217-223
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• 2019

Purpose: To determine the diagnostic value of eosinopenia and the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) in the diagnosis of early onset neonatal sepsis (EONS). Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in the Neonatology Ward of R.D. Kandou General Hospital Manado between July and October 2017. Samples were obtained from all neonates meeting the inclusion criteria for EONS. Data were encoded using logistic regression analysis, the point-biserial correlation coefficient, chi-square test, and receiver operating characteristic curve analysis, with a P value <0.05 considered significant. Results: Of 120 neonates who met the inclusion criteria, 73 (60.8%) were males and 47 (39.2%) were females. Ninety (75%) were included in the sepsis group and 30 (25%) in the nonsepsis group. The mean eosinophil count in EONS and non-EONS groups was $169.8{\pm}197.1cells/mm^3$ and $405.7{\pm}288.9cells/mm^3$, respectively, with statistically significant difference (P<0.001). The diagnostic value of eosinopenia in the EONS group (cutoff point: $140cells/mm^3$) showed 60.0% sensitivity and 90.0% specificity. The mean NLR in EONS and non-EONS groups was $2.82{\pm}2.29$ and $0.82{\pm}0.32$, respectively, with statistically significant difference (P<0.001). The diagnostic value of NLR in the EONS group (cutoff point, 1.24) showed 83.3% sensitivity and 93.3% specificity. Conclusion: Eosinopenia has high specificity as a diagnostic marker for EONS and an increased NLR has high sensitivity and specificity as a diagnostic marker for EONS.