• Anxiety and mood
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.103-107
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• 2014

Objective : The objective of this study was to examine the association between childhood adversity and parenting attitude and neuroticism in adulthood. Methods : Forty nine women were recruited from community and completed Early Trauma Inventory-Short Form (ETI-SF). We compared scores on the Maternal Behavior Research Instrument (MBRI), Neuroticism of NEO Personality Inventory (NEO-PI), and Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) between women with and without childhood adversity. Results : Compared to women without childhood adversity, women with childhood adversity showed more rejecting parenting attitude and higher Depression and Self-Consciousness scores on Neuroticism domain of NEO-PI. Total ETI-SF scores and emotional abuse scores were positively correlated with rejecting attitude scores on the MBRI and BDI scores. Physical abuse scores were positively correlated with rejecting attitude scores. There were positive correlations between rejecting attitude scores on the MBRI, Neuroticism scores on the NEO-PI, and BDI scores. Conclusion : Our results suggest that childhood adversity may have a negative impact on parenting attitude and emotional state in adulthood. For girls who experienced traumatic event, early intervention is needed to prevent the development of neurotic temperament and rejecting parenting in adulthood.

• Journal of computational fluids engineering
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.35-40
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• 2010

In the present work, LES with new variational multiscale method is conducted on the fully developed channel flow with Reynolds number, 180 based on the friction velocity and the channel half width. Incompressible Navier-Stokes equations are integrated using finite element method with the basis function of NURBS. To solve space-time equations, Newton's method with two stage predictor multicorrector algorithm is employed. The code is parallelized using MPI. The computational domain is a rectangular box of size $2{\pi}{\times}2{\times}4/3{\pi}$ in the streamwise, wall normal and spanwise direction. Mean velocity profiles and velocity fluctuations are compared with the data of DNS. The results agree well with those of DNS and other traditional LES.

• 한국전산유체공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2009.11a
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• pp.56-59
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• 2009

In the present work, LES with new variational multiscale method is conducted on the fully developed channel flow with Reynolds number is 180 based on the friction velocity and the channel half width. Incompressible Navier-Stokes equations are integrated using finite element method with the basis function of NURBS. To solve space-time equations, Newton's method with two stage predictor multicorretor algorithm is employed. The code is parallelized using MPI. The computational domain is a rectangular box of size $2{\pi}{\times}2{\times}4/3{\pi}$ in the streamwise, wall normal and spanwise direction. Mean velocity profiles and velocity fluctuations are compared with the data of DNS. The results agree well with those of DNS and other traditional LES.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.37-50
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• 2016

A large eddy simulation (LES) of a turbulent channel flow is performed by using the third order low-storage Runge-Kutta method in time and second order finite difference formulation in space with staggered grid at a Reynolds number, $Re_{\tau}=590$ based on the channel half width, ${\delta}$ and wall shear velocity, $u_{\tau}$. To reduce the calculation cost of LES, algebraic wall model (AWM) is applied to approximate the near-wall region. The computation is performed in a domain of $2{\pi}{\delta}{\times}2{\delta}{\times}{\pi}{\delta}$ with $32{\times}20{\times}32$ grid points. Standard Smagorinsky model is used for subgrid-scale (SGS) modeling. Essential turbulence statistics of the flow field are computed and compared with Direct Numerical Simulation (DNS) data and LES data using no wall model. Agreements as well as discrepancies are discussed. The flow structures in the computed flow field have also been discussed and compared with LES data using no wall model.

• Journal of Electrical Engineering and Technology
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• v.3 no.4
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• pp.499-508
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• 2008

Frequency regulation in off-normal conditions has been an important problem in electric power system design/operation and is becoming much more significant today due to the increasing size, changing structure and complexity of interconnected power systems. Increasing economic pressures for power system efficiency and reliability have led to a requirement for maintaining power system frequency closer to nominal value. This paper presents a decentralized frequency control framework using a modified low-order frequency response model containing a proportional-integral(PI) controller. The proposed framework is suitable for near-normal and emergency operating conditions. An $H_{\infty}$ control technique is applied to achieve optimal PI parameters, and an analytic approach is used to analyse the system frequency response for wide area operating conditions. Time-domain simulations with a multi-area power system example show that the simulated results agree with those predicted analytically.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Illuminating and Electrical Installation Engineers
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• v.14 no.5
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• pp.62-65
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• 2000

This paper deals with the design and evaluation of the evaluation of the robust controller for a synchronous generator excitation system to improve the steady state and transient stability. The nonlinear characteristics of the system is treated as model uncertainties, and then the robust control techniques are introduced into the power system stability design to take into account these uncertainties at the controller design stage. The performance of the designed controller is examined by extensive non-linear time domain simulation. It is shown that the performance of the robust controller is superior to that of the conventional PI controller.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• v.26 no.6
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• pp.427-438
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• 2022

Pyroptosis, a form of cell death associated with inflammation, is known to be involved in diabetic nephropathy (DN), and discoid domain receptor 1 (DDR1), an inflammatory regulatory protein, is reported to be associated with diabetes. However, the mechanism underlying DDR1 regulation and pyroptosis in DN remains unknown. We aimed to investigate the effect of DDR1 on renal tubular epithelial cell pyroptosis and the mechanism underlying DN. In this study, we used high glucose (HG)-treated HK-2 cells and rats with a single intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin as DN models. Subsequently, the expression of pyroptosis-related proteins (cleaved caspase-1, GSDMD-N, Interleukin-1β [IL-1β], and interleukin-18 [IL-18]), DDR1, phosphorylated NF-κB (p-NF-κB), and NLR family pyrin domain-containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasomes were determined through Western blotting. IL-1β and IL-18 levels were determined using ELISA. The rate of pyroptosis was assessed by propidium iodide (PI) staining. The results revealed upregulated expression of pyroptosisrelated proteins and increased concentration of IL-1β and IL-18, accompanied by DDR1, p-NF-κB, and NLRP3 upregulation in DN rat kidney tissues and HG-treated HK-2 cells. Moreover, DDR1 knockdown in the background of HG treatment resulted in inhibited expression of pyroptosis-related proteins and attenuation of IL-1β and IL-18 production and PI-positive cell frequency via the NF-κB/NLRP3 pathway in HK-2 cells. However, NLRP3 overexpression reversed the effect of DDR1 knockdown on pyroptosis. In conclusion, we demonstrated that DDR1 may be associated with pyroptosis, and DDR1 knockdown inhibited HG-induced renal tubular epithelial cell pyroptosis. The NF-κB/NLRP3 pathway is probably involved in the underlying mechanism of these findings.

• Proceedings of the KIPE Conference
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• 1997.07a
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• pp.27-33
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• 1997

In this paper, instantaneous controller of a single-phase PWM converter is realized using DSP. The stable PI gain of the input current and the DC link voltage control system is designed. The DC link voltage control system can be designed in continuous-time domain. But as for the input current control system, the descretizing effect cannot be ignored so it must be designed in descrete-time domain considering the calculation time. The capacitance estimating algorithm which can be acquired through the ripple voltage is proposed. By this algorithm the DC link capacitance can be estimated even under the transient state. Experimental results show the input power factor of 99.1% and the voltage variation rate of $\pm$5% according to the load variation.

• Bulletin of the Korean Mathematical Society
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• v.48 no.6
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• pp.1137-1146
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• 2011

Let {$X_i$, $i{\geq}1$} be a sequence of i.i.d. nondegenerate random variables which is in the domain of attraction of the normal law with mean zero and possibly infinite variance. Denote $S_n={\sum}_{i=1}^n\;X_i$, $M_n=max_{1{\leq}i{\leq}n}\;{\mid}S_i{\mid}$ and $V_n^2={\sum}_{i=1}^n\;X_i^2$. Then for d > -1, we showed that under some regularity conditions, $$\lim_{{\varepsilon}{\searrow}0}{\varepsilon}^2^{d+1}\sum_{n=1}^{\infty}\frac{(loglogn)^d}{nlogn}I\{M_n/V_n{\geq}\sqrt{2loglogn}({\varepsilon}+{\alpha}_n)\}=\frac{2}{\sqrt{\pi}(1+d)}{\Gamma}(d+3/2)\sum_{k=0}^{\infty}\frac{(-1)^k}{(2k+1)^{2d+2}}\;a.s.$$ holds in this paper, where If g denotes the indicator function.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.22 no.9
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• pp.1968-1974
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• 1997

In this paper, the spectral domain approach is employed to investigate the characteristics of symmetrical and asymmetrical broadside-coupleed coplanar waveguides(BSC-CPW). These structures have large even(c)-odd(.pi.) mode-velocity ratio, suitable for wide-band and tight-coupling microwave circuit design. Efficient design parameters can be obtained from the effective dielectric constants and characteristic impedances calculated by varying the strip widths and slot widths in the BSC-CPW structure.