• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• v.37 no.3
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• pp.155-165
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• 2012

This study was performed to offer the data for design of the seedling bed transfer equipment to make the automation of working process in a plant factory. The seedling bed transfer equipment pushing the seedling bed with bearing wheels on the rail for interconnecting each working process by a pneumatic cylinder was made and examined. The examined transfer force to push the seedling bed with a weight of 178.9 N by the pneumatic cylinder with length of 60 cm and section area of 5 $cm^2$ was measured by experiments. The examined transfer forces was compared with theoretical ones calculated by the theoretical formula derived from dynamic system analysis according to the number of the seedling bed and pushing speed of the pneumatic cylinder head at no load. The transfer function of the equipment with the input variable as the pushing speed $V_{h0}$(m/s) and the output variable as the transfer force f(t)(N) was represented as $F(s)=(V_{h0}/k)(s+B/M)/(s(s^2+Bs/M+1/(kM))$ where M(kg), k(m/N) and B(Ns/m) are the mass of the bed, the compression coefficient of the pneumatic cylinder and the dynamic friction coefficient between the seedling bed and the rail, respectively. The examined transfer force curves and the theoretical ones were represented similar wave forms as to use the theoretical formular to design the device for the seedling bed transfer. The condition of no vibration of the transfer force curve was $kB^2>4M$. The condition of transferring the bed by the repeatable impact and vibration force according to difference of transfer distance of the pneumatic cylinder head from that of the bed was as $Ce^{-\frac{3{\pi}D}{2\omega}}<-1$, where ${\omega}=\sqrt{\frac{1}{kM}-\frac{B^2}{4M^2}}$, $C=\{\frac{\frac{B}{2M}-\frac{1}{kB}}{\omega}\}$, $D=\frac{B}{2M}$. The examined mean peak transfer force represented 4 times of the stead state transfer force. Therefore it seemed that the transfer force of the pneumatic cylinder required for design of the push device was 4Bv where v is the pushing speed.

• Proceedings of the KSAR Conference
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• 2003.06a
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• pp.66-66
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• 2003

The aim of this study was to investigate effect of different energy substrates on embryonic development of mouse embryos. Two cell embryos, recovered from ICR female mice (4 weeks old) at 44~52hrs after hCG injection (mated just after hCG injection), were cultured fur 72 hrs in the medium (MEM) supplemented with the three different energy substrates [glucose(G), pyruvate(P) and lactate(L)] and combinations (Control: 0 mM: group A: G 0.5; B: G 3.15; C: P 0.1; D: P 0.32; E: L 5.87; F: L 10.5; G: G0.5+P0.32+L10.5; H: G3.15+P0.1+L5.87; I: G0.5+P0.1+L5.87; J: G3.15+P0.32+L10.5). Blastocysts were stained differentially using PI and bisbenzimide. The 69.8% of the 2 cell embryos cultured in group F were developed the blastocysts. This was the highest (NS) than all other tested groups (44.2~62.8%). Blastocysts, cultured in the group E (60.4$\pm$26.9) and G (58.1$\pm$26.3), had significantly(p<0.05: group E vs. control, B, C, D; G vs. control, A, B, C, D) higher mean cell number compared with the other (42.6$\pm$25.8 ~ 55.2$\pm$31.3) and control (42.6$\pm$25.8) was at the basal level. The proportion of ICM (% ICM of total cells) in blastocysts cultured in group B (26.0$\pm$9.5%), C (29.6$\pm$22.8%) and J (26.0$\pm$11.8%) were significantly higher (p<0.05: control vs. group B, C, J: A vs. C, J; C vs. D, E, I) than those of other tested groups (15.0$\pm$10.6 ~ 23.8$\pm$ 12.9％) and control (15.0$\pm$10.6％) was at the basal level. These results showed that energy substrates supported the development of mouse 2 cell embryos, especially with greater embryo development in high dose of lactate added to media.

• Reproductive and Developmental Biology
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• v.35 no.3
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• pp.385-390
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• 2011

The purpose of this study was undertaken to evaluate of cryopreservation efficiency in ${\alpha}$ 1,3-galactosyltransferase knock-out(GalT KO) cloned miniature pig sperm. To compare ability of frozen-thawed sperm characteristics, three different pig strains (GalT KO) cloned miniature pig, PWG miniature pig and Duroc were used. The ejaculated semen from the three pig species was diluted with same volume extender and added to LEY solution for freezing. The diluted semen was placed in 0.5 ml straws, and freezing was initiated by exposing the straws to liquid nitrogen ($LN_2$) vapours for 10 min before placing them into $LN_2$ for cryopreservation. After thawing, the sperm ability were assessed for viability (SYBR-14/PI staining), abnormality (Rose Bengal staining), and acrosome status (intactness, intensity and capacitation) (chlorotetracycline, CTC staining). The viability of frozen-thawed GalT KO pig sperm had no significant difference as compared with Duroc and PWG miniature pig sperm. However, The CTC pattern of frozen-thawed GalT KO cloned miniature pig spermatozoa showed significantly lower rates in F pattern and AR pattern (p<0.05) and significantly higher rates in B pattern than Duroc and PWG miniature pig (p<0.05). The abnormality of GalT KO cloned miniature pig sperm was significantly lower as compared to Duroc and PWG miniature pig sperm (p<0.05). In conclusion, GalT KO cloned miniature pig semen can be cryopreserved successfully and used for artificial insemination reasonably.

• 한국방재학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2011.02a
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• pp.155-155
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• 2011

일반적으로 I형 보에 횡하중이 작용하는 경우, 횡 변위와 함께 회전을 동반하는 횡-비틀림 좌굴(Lateral-Torsional Buckling)이 발생하게 된다. 이러한 I형 보의 탄성 및 비탄성 횡-비틀림 좌굴에 대한 해석적 이론적 연구는 이미 많은 연구자들에 의해 수행되었다(Timoshenko 등, 1961; Galambos, 1963; Lindner, 1974; Trahair, 1993). I형 보의 비지지 길이 내 하중이 작용할 때 모멘트 구배계수(Cb)는 하중이 부재 단면에 작용하는 위치에 따라 달라지게 되는데 이를 하중고 효과(Load Height Effects)라고 한다. 탄성 영역 내 비지지길이가 존재하는 I형 보의 하중고 효과를 고려한 모멘트 구배계수 제안식은 Nethercot & Rockey(1971)에 의해 연구된 바 있다. 또한 Helwig 등(1997)은 Nethercot & Rockey(1971)의 제안식을 간략화 하여 탄성 영역 내 비지지길이가 존재하는 I형 보의 하중고 효과를 고려한 모멘트 구배계수식을 제안하였다. 그러나 현재까지 진행 된 하중고 효과에 대한 연구는 탄성 영역 내 비지지 길이가 존재하는 I형 보에 대한 제안식이며 현재까지 비탄성 영역 내 비지지 길이를 갖는 I형 보의 하중고 효과에 대한 연구는 진행된 바 없다. 본 연구는 비탄성 영역 내 비지지 길이가 존재하는 I형 보의 하중고 효과를 고려한 비탄성 횡-비틀림 좌굴강도에 대한 연구를 수행하였다. 하중조건으로는 집중하중 과 등분포 하중을 적용시켰으며, 비선형 횡-비틀림 좌굴 해석을 위해 잔류응력 및 초기변형을 고려하였다. Pi와 Trahair(1995)이 고려한 단순직선분포를 잔류응력으로 가정하였으며, 국내 I형강 표준 치수 허용치(현대제철, 2006)에 근거하여 부재 길이의 0.1%를 초기 최대 횡 변위로 적용하여 초기제작오차로 고려하였다. 유한요소해석결과를 바탕으로 Nethercot & Rockey(1971)와 Helwig 등(1997)의 연구내용을 바탕으로 범용구조해석 프로그램(ABAQUS, 2007)을 이용하여 비탄성 영역 내 존재하는 I형보의 횡-비틀림 좌굴강도를 산정하였다. 유한요소해석결과를 바탕으로 Nethercot & Rockey(1971)및 Helwig 등(1997)의 모멘트구배계수 제안식과 비교 분석 하였고 회기분석프로그램 MINITAB(2006)을 이용하여 비탄성 영역 내 비지지길이가 존재하는 I형보의 하중고 효과를 고려한 모멘트구배계수식을 개발 제안하였다. 본 연구에서 개발된 제안식은 경제적이고 합리적인 휨부재 강도평가에 적극 활용될 수 있으며, 비탄성 영역내 I형보의 횡-비틀림 좌굴강도 및 휨강도 연구에 널리 활용될 것이다.

• The Korean Journal of Pharmacology
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.425-431
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• 1996

Human neutrophil elastases (HNElastase, EC 3.4.21.37), a causative factor of inflammatory diseases, are regulated by plasma proteinase inhibitors, alpha-proteinase inhibitor and ${\alpha}_2-macroglobulin$. Under certain pathological conditions, however, released enzymes or abnormal function of inhibitors may cause various inflammatory disease. NSAIDs have been clinically applied for treatment of inflammatory diseases. Inhibition of cyclooxygenase is a known mechanism of action of NSAIDs in the treatment of inflammatory disease. In in vitro experiments, HNElastase was inhibited by naproxen, phenylbutazone, and oxyphenbutazone, but ibuprofen, ketoprofen, aspirin, salicylic acid, and tolmetin did not inhibit elastase. HNElastase was also inhibited by chelating agents, EDTA & EGTA, and tetracyclines. Removal of divalent metal ions by EDTA caused inhibition of elastase, and reconstitution of the metal ions recovered the enzyme activity to a certain level. Frequencies and contours in the Raman spectra of various conditions of human neutrophil elastase undergo drastic changes upon partial removal and/or reconstitution of calcium and zinc ions. The metal ion content dependent activities and change of the contour of the Raman spectrogram suggest us that the mechanism of action of a chelator or chelator-like agents on neutrophil elastase may be related to the conformational change at/or near the active site, especially -C=O radical or -COOH radical.

• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.243-251
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• 1998

Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer has been extensively used in the traditional oriental medicine as a restorative, tonic and prophylatic agent. Petroleum ether extract of panax ginseng C.A. Meyer (GPE) and its several fractions (PI-P5) were tested for the evaluation of antigenotoxicity against N-methyl-N-nitrosourea (MNU) and benzo(a)pyrene [B(a)P]-induced micronucleated reticulocytes in mouse peripheral blood. GPE and P2 showed more significant anticlastogenicity than other fractions did. To elucidate the anticlastogenic action mechanism of GPE and P2 against B(a)P, the alteration of B(a)P metabolism was studied. GPE and P2 inhibited B(a)P metabolism in the presence of 8-9 mix and decreased B(a)P-DNA binding in calf thymus DNA with 8-9 mix. They also decreased [$^3H$] MNU induced DNA binding and methylation to 7-methyl guanine and $O^{6}-methyl$ guanine adducts in calf thymus DNA by RPLC analysis. These results suggest that the anticlastogenicity of GPE and P2 on the B(a)P or MNU-induced clastogenicity is due to decrease of DNA binding with B(a)P or MNU, the inhibition of metabolism with B(a)P and the inhibition of methylation in DNA. Therefore, GPE and P2 may be useful chemopreventive agents of alkylating agent like MNU and secondary carcinogen like B(a)P.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.21 no.7
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• pp.446-452
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• 2020

As the use of children's school buses increases, accidents caused by the negligence of school bus drivers and ride carers have also increased significantly. To prevent such accidents, the government is coming up with various policies. We propose an accident prevention and safety management system for children's school buses. Through this system, bus drivers can easily check whether each child is seated and whether the seat belt is used, so it is possible to quickly respond to children's conditions while driving. With the ability to recognize faces by analyzing camera images, children can use a seat belt that is automatically adjusted to their height. It is therefore possible to prevent secondary injuries that may occur in the event of a traffic accident. In addition, a sleeping child-check system is provided to confirm that all children get off the bus, and a text service is provided to inform parents of their children's locations in real time. Based on Raspberry Pi, the system is implemented with cameras, pressure sensors, motors, Bluetooth modules, and so on. This proposed system was attached to a bus model to confirm that the series of functions work correctly.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.53 no.6
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• pp.705-710
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• 2010

Purpose: To determine the clinical manifestations and outcomes of patients with tracheoesophageal fistula (TEF) and esophageal atresia (EA) born at a single neonatal intensive care unit. Methods: A retrospective analysis was conducted for 97 patients with confirmed TEF and EA who were admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit between 1990 and 2007. Results: The rate of prenatal diagnosis was 12%. The average gestational age and birth weight were $37^{+2}$ weeks and $2.5{\pm}0.7kg$, respectively. Thirty-one infants were born prematurely (32%). Type C was the most common. The mean gap between the proximal and distal esophagus was 2 cm. Esophago-esophagostomy was performed in 72 patients at a mean age of 4 days after birth; gastrostomy or duodenostomy were performed in 8 patients. Forty patients exhibited vertebral, anorectal, cardiac, tracheoesophageal, renal, limb (VACTERL) association with at least 2 combined anomalies, and cardiac anomaly was the most common. The most common post-operative complications were esophageal stricture followed by gastroesophageal reflux. Balloon dilatation was performed for 1.3 times in 26 patients at a mean age of 3 months. The mortality and morbidity rates were 24% and 67%, respectively, and the most common cause of death was sepsis. The weight of approximately 40% patients was below the 10th percentile at 2 years of age. Conclusion: Mortality and morbidity rates of patients with TEF and EA are high as compared to those of infants with other neonatal surgical diseases. Further efforts must be taken to reduce mortality and morbidity and improve growth retardation.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.72-77
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• 2001

Expression of f3 ~agarase Gene and Catabolite Repression in Escherichia coli by the Promoter of Alginate Lyase Gene Isolated from Marine Pseudomonas sp. Jin, Cheal~Ho, J~Hyeon Park, Jeong-Hyun Han, YoonM Hyeok Chae, Jong~Hee Lee, Jung-Kee Lee!, and In-800 Kong*. Faculty of Food Science and Biotechnology, Pukyong National UniversitYt Pusan 608-737, Korea, llnBioNet Co. 1690-3 Taejon 306-230, Korea - Promoter is a key factor for expression of the recombinant protein. There are many promoters for overexpression of protein in various organisms. The aly promoter of Pseudomonas sp. W7 isolated from marine environment was known to be a constitutive expression promoter of the alginate lyase gene, and it's promoter activity is repressed by glucose in Escherichia coli. To investigate the catabolite repression of the aly promoter ~md association between the promoter mutants, f3 agarase gene, which was also cloned from Pseudomonas sp. W7 was connected to the aly promoter with the sequence the coding 46 N-terminal amino acids ofthe alginate lyase gene. The constructed plasmid was introduced into E. coli and the agarase activity was measured. Fourty six amino acids of the alginate lyase gene was serially deleted using peR to the direction of 5' upstream region and subcloned. The agarase was overexpressed by the aly promoter and the production of agarase was repressed by the addition of glucose into culture media. Fourty six amino acids of alginate lyase did not affect the production of agarase at all. The deletion of a putative stem-loop structure in the aly promoter induced the decrease of f3 -agarase productivity.

• Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.67-73
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• 2006

10 sites in building development areas were selected and the noise level were measured by the apartment floors of apartment complex. With the fitted regression analysis, the distribution ratio($R^2$) and correction coefficient(r) was 25%(0.5) in the NIER('87) and 7.5%(0.274) in the NIER('99), respectively. The measured values of the noise level on the seventh floor of complex did not show a good agreement with the predicted noise level in the NIER('87, '99) formula. However, the developed formula demonstrated that the measured values were reasonably close to the predicted values, indicating the validity and adequacy of the predicted models with the fitted vs residual analysis in the 95% of confidence interval and 95% of predict interval. The results suggested that application of this development model obtained by the results according to the apartment floor can be improved in road traffic noise.