• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.469-490
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• 1996

The initial events required for periodontal regeneration is the attachment, spreading, and proliferation of appropriated cells at the healing sites. These have been reported that minocycline stimulates the attachment of periodontal ligament cells, and also $TGF-{\beta}1$ enhances the proliferation of periodontal ligament cells. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the effects of $TGF-{\beta}1$ on the cellular activity of minocycline treated human periodontal ligament cells. Periodontal ligament cells were obtained from the explants of healthy periodontal ligaments of extracted 3rd molars or premolar teeth extracted from the patients for orthodontic treatment. The cells were cultured in minimal essential medium(${\alpha}-MEM$) supplemented with 10.000units/ml penicillin, $10,000{\mu}g/ml$ streptomycin and 10% FBS(fetal bovine serum) at $37^{\circ}C$ in a humidified atmosphere of 5% carbon dioxide and the 5th to the 8th passages of the cells were used. To evaluate the effect of minocycline on cell attachment, the cells were seeded at a cell density of $1.5{\times}10^4$ cells/well in 24-well culture plates and treated with $20{\mu}g/ml$ and $100{\mu}g/ml$ of minocycline for 1.5 h. After trypsinization, the cells were counted with hemocytometer and were taken photographs for observation of cellular morphology. To evaluate the effect of $TGF-{\beta}1$ on minocycline-pretreated periodontal ligament cells, the cells were seeded at a cell density of $1{\times}10^4$ cells/ well in 24-well culture plates and treated with $20{\mu}g/ml$ and $100{\mu}g/ml$ of minocycline for 1.5 h. After incubation, 1 and 10ng/ml of $rh-TGF-{\beta}1$ were also added to the each well and incubated for 1 and 2 days, respectively. Then, MTT assay, DNA synthesis($^3H-thymidine\;assay$), and protein and collagen assay(3H-proline assay) were carried out. In the MIT assay, after 200ul MTT solutionlconeentration of 5mg/ml) were added to the each well of the 24-well plates and incubated for 3 hours, and 200 ul DMSO were added so as to dissolve insoluble blue formazan crystals which was formed in incubated period. Then it read plates on a ELISA reader. For mitogenic assay, 1 uCi/ml $^3H-thymidine$ was added to each well for the final 2 hours of the incubation periods. After labeling, the wells were washed 3 times with ice cold PBS and 4 times with 5% TCA to remove unincorporated label and precipitate the cellular DNA. DNA, with the incorporated $^3H-thymidine$, was solubilized with 500 ul of 0.1% NaOH/0.1% SDS. A 250 ul aliquot was removed from each well and placed in a scintillation vial with 4ml of scintillation cocktail. Using an liguid scintillation counter, counts per minute(CPM) were determined for each samples. 3 uCi/ml $^3H-proline$ was added to each well for the final 4 hours of the incubation periods and total protein and percent collagen synthesis were carried out. The results indicate that minocycline treated group with $100{\mu}g/ml$ concentration for 1.5 hours significantly increased than that of control in cell attachment, and cell process is also evident compared with that of control in cell morphology, and the cellular activity and DNA synthesis rate of cells treated minocycline and $TGF-{\beta}1$ significantly increased than that of control values, but were below to values of the $TGF-{\beta}1$ only treated group in MIT assay and $^3H-thymidine\;assay$, and the total protein synthesis of minocycline and $TGF-{\beta}1$ treated group also significantly increased than that of control values, but the percent collagen synthesis of tested group significantly decreased to compared with control. On the above the findings, the tested group of minocycline and $TGF-{\beta}1$ did not increase the effect on the cell activity than $TGF-{\beta}1$ only tested group and the tested group of minocycline inhibited cell activity. This results indicate that minocycline was effective on cell attachment in early stage, but it is harmful to cell activity, that inhibitory effect of minocycline was compensated with stimulatory effect of $TGF-{\beta}1$.

• KSBB Journal
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.265-270
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• 2010

Simvastatins are widely used to reduce endogenous cholesterol synthesis and improve hypercholesterolemia. Also, simvastatin have been shown to induce both angiogenic and angiostatic responses. In this study, It was attempted to resolve this controversy by studying the effects of simvastatin on the cell migration and invasion with the proteinases secretion and expression pattern. U-373-MG cells treated with low dose of simvastatin ($0.001{\sim}0.5\;{\mu}M$) showed the induction of migration and invasion compared with the addition of a control buffer. On the contrary, high dose of simvastatin ($1{\sim}20\;{\mu}M$) showed the reduction of migration and invasion compared with the addition of a control buffer. It was also showed that simvastatin-regulated migrative and invasive phenotypes were consistent with the secretion and expression pattern of matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2), MMP-9 and plasmin.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.71-95
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• 1995

Bacteria have been regarded as a one of major etiologic factors in root canal infections. In endodontic treatment the effective removal of pathogenic microorganisms in the root canal is the key to successful outcome. Bacterial cell wall components may play an important role in the development of pulpal and periapical disease. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of sonic extracts of Streptococcus spp. on cultured L929 cells and to characterize cell wall protein profiles of Streptococcus spp. Streptococcus spp. were isolated from infected root canals and identified with Vitek Systems(Biomeriux, USA). Five streptococci, namely S. sanguis, S. mitis, S uberis, S. mutans (ATCC 10449) and S. faecalis (ATCC 19433) weere enriched in brain heart infusion broth. Cell pellets were sonicated and cell wall extracts were dialyzed and membrane filtered. Prepared cell wall proteins were applied to cultured L929 cell. The cell reaction were evaluated by monitoring DNA synthesis, cell numbers and the change of cell morphology. The total cell wall protein profiles of microorganisms were characterized by sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide-gel eledruphoresis(SDS-PAGE). DNA synthesis of L929 cells were reduced by the increasing concentration of sonic extracts. DNA synthesis was significantly suppressed in more than $50{\mu}g$/ml of sonic extract conentration in five streptococci. S. nutans (ATCC 10449) showed stronger suppression on DNA synthesis than remaining four streptococci, which had the similar effect on DNA synthesis. Analysis of DNA synthesis measured by [$^3H$]-thymidine uptake was more sensitvie method than cell counting. Sonic extracts affected the microscopic findings of L929 cells. The protein profiles indicated that all five strains shared two major proteins with molecular masses of 70.8 and 57.5 kD respectively. S. uberis and S. mutans shared common minor proteins of which molecular weights were 147.9 and 112.2 kD respectively. However some minor proteins were unique for S. mitis, S. uberis and S. faecalis.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.84-102
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• 1978

Barley embryoless half seeds were incubated in medium containing $10{\mu}M$ GA. Time course activity changes of ${\alpha}-amylase$ were studied in extract and medium seperately by the addition of $0.1{\mu}M,\;5{\mu}M,\;and\;10{\mu}M$ ABA in midcourse incubation of 10 hours after GA treatment. MAK profiles of nucleic acids in embryoless half seeds were compared either with $10{\mu}M$ GA treatment or concomitant treatment with $10{\mu}M$ GA and $10{\mu}M$ ABA after 10 hours incubation, Time course changes of weight increase, chlorophyll, protein and RNA consent in addition to RNase activity were studied in the presence of $10{\mu}M$ GA or $10{\mu}M$ ABA in barley coleoptile sections. After 20 hours incubation in the presence of plant hormones, MAK profiles of nucleic acids and reactive distribution of polysome and monosome were investigated. The above results were summarized as follows. 1) The production of ${\alpha}-amylase$ by treatment with GA alone increased at a linear rate in the incubation period and the active secretion of ${\alpha}-amylase$ began from 18 hours incubation in embryoless half seeds. 2) On the contrary to the partial inhibition by addition of $0.1{\mu}M$ ABA, the production of ${\alpha}-amylase$ was completely inhibited by both $5{\mu}M$ and $10{\mu}M$ ABA within 4 hours. Regardless of concentration of GA, the addition of $5{\mu}M$ ABA in midcourse completely inhibited the production of ${\alpha}-amylase$ 3) ABA treatment gave no effect on the secretion of ${\alpha}-amylase$. 4) There were no differences in RNA fractions between GA treatment and concomitant treatment with GA and ABA in the barlye embryoless half seeds. 5) While GA treatment increased the r-RNA fraction, ABA treatment decreased it and increased the s-RNA fraction in the coleoptile sections. 6) GA treatment increased RNA-DNA fraction best ABA treatment decreased it in the coleoptile sections. 7) While GA treatment suppressed RNase activity, ABA treatment increased it in the coleoptile sections. 8) GA treatment gave no great effect on the total RNA but ABA treatment remarkably diminished it in the coleoptile sections. 9) While GA treatment increased the growth and chlorophyll content, ABA treatment decreased them in the coleoptile sections. 10) GA treatment increased the protein synthesis and polysome formation but ABA treatment decreased them in the coleoptile sections. 11) The inhibition effect of ABA on polysome formation seemed to be resulted from the inhibition of r-RNA synthesis by ABA.

• Proceedings of the Korean Ceranic Society Conference
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• 2003.04a
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• pp.34.1-34
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• 2003

• Proceedings of the Materials Research Society of Korea Conference
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• 2004.05a
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• pp.50-50
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• 2004

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.15 no.9
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• pp.699-701
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• 1994

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.48 no.2
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• pp.117-121
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• 2004

Ranunculin, a potent cytotoxic component of P. koreana, was synthesized by reacting (s)-(-)-5-(hydroxymethyl)-2(5H)-furanone with 2,3,4,6-tetra-O-acetyl-$\alpha$-D-glucopyranosyl bromide and successive removal of the acetyl protecting group by 0.5 M HCl/MeOH. A new deacetylation process of the intermediate tetraacetylranunculin was deviced giving a yield of 83% of ranunculin. Protoanemonin, the cytotoxic structural moiety of ranunculin, was synthesized by dehydration of (s)-(-)-5-hydroxymethyl-2(5H)-furanone. Ranunculin showed a moderate cytototoxic activity against A-549 (ED$_{50}$=7.53 $\mu\textrm{g}$/$m\ell$), NIH3T (ED$_{50}$=13.6$\mu\textrm{g}$/$m\ell$), and SK-OV-3 (ED$_{50}$=17.5 $\mu\textrm{g}$/$m\ell$). Meanwhile, protoanemonin also exhibited moderate cytotoxicity against A-549 (ED$_{50}$=9.38 $\mu\textrm{g}$/$m\ell$), NIH3T (ED$_{50}$=13.8 $\mu\textrm{g}$/$m\ell$), and SK-OV-3 (ED$_{50}$=15.1 $\mu\textrm{g}$/$m\ell$). It was found that both of the synthetic products showed a potenter cytotoxicity against A-549.ainst A-549.

• Journal of the Earthquake Engineering Society of Korea
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• v.4 no.4
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• pp.53-61
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• 2000

능동 제어기를 설계하기 위해서는 제어대상 구조물의 수학모델의 구해야한다. 그러나, 무한차원의 구조물에 대하여 정확한 모델을 구하는 것은 불가능하므로 유한차원인 저차원화된 모델을 사용하여 제어기를 설계한다. 그러나, 실제 구조물과 저차원화된 모델사이의 오차에 의하여 제어기의 성능이 저하가 되면 제어기와 구조물의 상호작용, 지진과 같은 오란 등의 불확실성, 지진시 구조물의 동적 특성 변화로 인하여 제어기의 성능이 더욱 저하가 된다. 이러한 저하 요인은 제어기 설계시 요구되는 구조물의 수학모델에 대한 불확실한 요소로 작용하기 때문에 제어성능의 저하를 일으키며 응답의 불안정을 유발하기로 한다. 본 연구에서는 질량형 능동제어기(AMD)가 설치된 3층 건물 모형의 모델 오차에 관한 불확실성을 반영한 강인제어기법을 적용하여 제어성능과 안정성을 실험을 통하여 분석하였다. 강인제어 기법인 $\mu$ 합성법에 요구되는 여러 가지 가중함수인 주파수필터는 건물과 AMD의 특성, 모델 오차, 제어율과 AMD 성능의 , 측정잡음 및 지진외란의 특성 등을 고려하여 정량적으로 선택되었다. $\mu$합성법에 의하여 제어기를 설계하였으며 강인성을 비교하기 위하여 불확실성이 고려되지 않는 LQG 기법에 의한 제어기를 선택하였다. $\mu$합성법은 규정된 불확성에 대하여 제어의 강인성을 가지므로 동적특성이 바뀐 건물모형에 관한 강인성을 LQG 기법에 의한 제어성능과 비교하였다. 그 결과 동적특성이 변화된 건물에 대하여 $\mu$합성법만이 제어의 효율성이 유지되는 강인성을 나타내었다.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.43 no.2
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• pp.207-215
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• 2014

To investigate the biological benefits of Korean traditional vegetables, anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory effects of ethanol extracts from blanched and dried sprouts of evening primrose (Oenothera laciniata, OL) and gooseberry (Actinidia arguta, AA) were measured. Total polyphenol and flavonoid contents of OL were higher than those of AA; OL contained 60.4 mg tannic acid/g dry weight and 31.9 mg rutin/g dry weight, while AA contained 33.0 mg tannic acid/g dry weight and 20.3 mg rutin/g dry weight. The $IC_{50}$ value for DPPH radical scavenging activity was $58.2{\mu}g/mL$ for OL ethanol extract and $122.1{\mu}g/mL$ for AA ethanol extract. The reducing power upon $500{\mu}g/mL$ of ethanol extract treatment was as strong as $52.1{\mu}g$ ascorbate eq./mL for OL and $45.3{\mu}g$ ascorbate eq./mL for AA. Regarding anti-inflammatory effects, inhibition rate against 5-lipoxygenase (LOX) and cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 activities were 29.5% and 79.5% for OL, as well as 11.5% and 39.1% for AA, respectively at a concentration of $250{\mu}g/mL$. Lipopolysaccaride ($1{\mu}g/mL$)-treated RAW 264.7 macrophage cells subjected to OL ethanol extract at various concentrations ($0{\sim}25{\mu}g/mL$) showed significantly reduced synthesis of nitrite oxide (NO), prostaglandin (PG) E2, and IL-6 in a dose-dependent manner without cytotoxicity, although TNF-${\alpha}$ synthesis was not affected. In conclusion, both OL and AA sprouts showed strong antioxidative activity, whereas OL showed very strong anti-inflammatory activity via effective reduction of NO, PGE2, and IL-6 synthesis in LPS-activated macrophage cells.