• Korean Journal of Mathematics
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• 제19권3호
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• pp.331-342
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• 2011

We consider the multiplicity of the solutions for a class of a system of critical growth beam equations with periodic condition on t and Dirichlet boundary condition $$\{u_{tt}+u_{xxxx}=av+\frac{2{\alpha}}{{\alpha}+{\beta}}u_{+}^{{\alpha}-1}v_{+}^{\beta}+s{\phi}_{00}\;\;in\;(-\frac{\pi}{2},\;\frac{\pi}{2}){\times}R,\\u_{tt}+v_{xxxx}=bu+\frac{2{\alpha}}{{\alpha}+{\beta}}u_{+}^{\alpha}v_{+}^{{\beta}-1}+t{\phi}_{00}\;\;in\;(-\frac{\pi}{2},\;\frac{\pi}{2}){\times}R,$$ where ${\alpha}$, ${\beta}$ > 1 are real constants, $u_+=max\{u,0\}$, ${\phi}_{00}$ is the eigenfunction corresponding to the positive eigenvalue ${\lambda}_00=1$ of the eigenvalue problem $u_{tt}+u_{xxxx}={\lambda}_{mn}u$. We show that the system has a positive solution under suitable conditions on the matrix $A=\(\array{0&a\\b&0}\)$, s > 0, t > 0, and next show that the system has another solution for the same conditions on A by the linking arguments.

• 한국기계가공학회지
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• 제6권3호
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• pp.65-70
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• 2007

Generally, the core component of small precise optical device demands high accuracy of manufacturing processes. Although, the geometry of it is simple, the manufacturing technique to materialize is categorized as the ultra-precision machining and it must be done with the specialized machines and by the trained operator. Typical examples of small precise optical device are laser printer and phone camera. As a core part of laser printer, polygon mirror is used in laser scanning unit(LSU). It couldn't be fabricated with conventional machine but specified machine for polygon mirror machining. In this study, Polygon mirror with 16 surfaces was manufactured in the process of ultra-precision fly-cutting with Al material and investigated optimum machining conditions in terms of feedrate, pitch per cycle and depth of cut. Owing to process of polishing has bad influence on reflection angle, surface roughness, $R_{max}$=10nm, and form error, $Ra={\lambda}/10({\lambda}=632nm)$, are prerequisites for polygon mirror.

• 한국경영과학회지
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• 제17권3호
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• pp.67-78
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• 1992

MODM (multiobjective decision-making) problem is very complex system for the analyst. The problem is more complex if the goals of each of the objective functions are expressed imprecisely. It requires suitable MODM method to deal with imprecisions. Therefore, we present a new interactive fuzzy decision making method for solving multiobjective nonlinear programming problems by assuming that the decision maker (DM) has imprecise goals that assume fuzzy linguistic variable for each of the objective functions. The imprecise goals of the DM are quantified by eliciting corresponding membership functions through the interactive with the DM out of six membership functions. After determining membership functions, in order to generate the compromise or satisficing solution which is .lambda.-pareto optimal, .lambda.-max problem is solved. The higher degree of membership is chosen to satisfy imprecise goals of all objective functions by combining the membership functions. Then, the values are the compromise or satisficing solution. On the basis of the proposed method, and interactive computer programming is written to implement man-machine interactive procedures. Our programming is a revised version of sequential unconstrained minimization technique. Finally, a numerical example illustrates various aspects of the results developed in this paper.

• 한국산림과학회지
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• 제69권1호
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• pp.42-50
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• 1985

한국남부지역(韓國南部地域)에서 조림(造林)되고 있는 삼나무의 조림적지(造林適地)의 판정(判定) 및 시업방법(施業方法)의 개선(改善)에 필요(必要)한 기초(基礎)를 얻고자 삼나무 임분(林分)의 식생(植生)을 조사분석(調査分析)한 결과(結果)는 다음과 같다. 1) 조사지역(調査地域) 및 임분(林分)의 환경조건(環境條件)은 일본추전현지역(日本秋田縣地域)에 비교(比較)하면 21~25년생(年生) 임분(林分)은 동등(同等)하였으나 51~58년생(年生) 임분(林分)은 불량(不良)한 생육상태(生育狀態)이었다. 2) 총출현종수(總出現種數)는 256종(種)이었고, 조성종수(組成種數)는 42~99종(種)으로 일본(日本)에서 보다 많은 편(便)이나 상한수(上限數)는 같았다. 3) 온대남부(温帶南部) 및 난대북부림대(暖帶北部林帶)에 속(屬)하며 표(表) 4 와 같이 I~IV 급(級)의 임상형(林床型)으로 구분(區分)하였다. 4) 최대종다양도(最大種多樣度)(H' max)와 우점도(優占度)(1-J')는 높았고 Simpson 종다양도(種多樣度)(${\lambda}$)와 균재도(均在度)(J')는 낮은 비교적(比較的) 균일(均一)한 식생(植生)이었다. 5) 유사율(類似率)(PS)은 평균(平均) 3.904 이하(以下)로 낮은 유사성(類似性) 즉 지구간(地區間)에는 특이성(特異性)이 있다. 6) Morista's 지표(指標)($I_M$)에 의(依)하면 8번 구(區)는 일반화(一般化)되어 있고 12번 구(區)는 특성화(特性化)되어 있다. 7) Sneath-Sokal의 근원계수(近遠係數)(I)에 의(依)하면 0.15 이하(以下)의 낮은 비유사계수(非類似係數) 즉 각구간(各區間)의 유사성(類似性)이 매우 높았다.

• 천문학회지
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• 제37권5호
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• pp.349-353
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• 2004

Magnetic fields are an important ingredient of galaxy clusters and are indirectly observed on cluster scales as radio haloes and radio relics. One promising method to shed light on the properties of cluster wide magnetic fields is the analysis of Faraday rotation maps of extended extragalactic radio sources. We developed a Fourier analysis for such Faraday rotation maps in order to determine the magnetic power spectra of cluster fields. In an advanced step, here we apply a Bayesian maximum likelihood method to the RM map of the north lobe of Hydra A on the basis of our Fourier analysis and derive the power spectrum of the cluster magnetic field. For Hydra A, we measure a spectral index of -5/3 over at least one order of magnitude implying Kolmogorov type turbulence. We find a dominant scale of about 3 kpc on which the magnetic power is concentrated, since the magnetic autocorrelation length is ${\lambda}_B = 3 {\pm} 0.5\;kpc$. Furthermore, we investigate the influences of the assumption about the sampling volume (described by a window function) on the magnetic power spectrum. The central magnetic field strength was determined to be ${\~}7{\pm}2{\mu}G$ for the most likely geometries.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• 제25권3호
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• pp.387-391
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• 2002

The oral absorption and disposition of itraconazole were studied in rats, rabbits and dogs. Serum levels of itraconazole and its active metabolite, hydroxyitraconazole, were determined by a validated HPLC method. The absorption of itraconazole was relatively rapid in rats and dogs but was slower in rabbits. The terminal elimination half-life ($T_{1/2,{\lambda}z}$), time to the peak concentration ($T_{max}$), dose and weight normalized area under the curve (AUC) and the peak concentration ($C_{max}$) of itraconazole found in the dog were comparable to those reported in humans. As in humans, the metabolite to parent drug AUC ratios in rats and dogs were greater than unity but was less in rabbits. The dog appears to be an appropriate animal model while the rat, not the rabbit, may be used as an alternative animal model in predicting the oral absorption of itraconazole in humans.

• 한국의류학회지
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• 제28권3_4호
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• pp.444-451
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• 2004

This study was carried out to investigate the chemical and dyeing properties of Petasites japonicus leaf extract under the various extracting and dyeing conditions such as temperature, time, the ratio of water and pH, repetition of dyeing in silk and cotton fabrics with Petasites japonicus leaf. The results were as follows: 1. It was found that λ$_{\max}$ of color solution extracted by Petasites japonicus leaf has two peaks at 290nm and 323nm. 2. The optimum extracting conditions were studied at 10$0^{\circ}C$, 40min., pH 7 and 1 : 20(the ratio of water and Petasites japonicus leaf), the optimum dyeing temperature, dyeing time, dyeing pH and repetition of dyeing were 10$0^{\circ}C$, 60min., pH 7, repetitions of three times, respectively. 3. Silk and cotton fabrics dyed with Petasites japonicus leaf extract were colored yellowish orange. The colory Petasites japonicus leaf extract in silk and cotton fabrics were deeped by same-mordanting with aluminum potassium sufate and cupric sulfate. 4. Washing fastness of silk fabrics was 4∼5 grade, but cotton fabrics was 3∼4 grade, so washing fastness of silk fabrics washed with neutral detergent was excellent.

• 한국전기전자재료학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국전기전자재료학회 2005년도 춘계학술대회 논문집 디스플레이 광소자 분야
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• pp.92-95
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• 2005

The silver photodoping effect in amorphous AsGeSeS chalcogenide thin films for holographic recording has been investigated using a HeNe laser ($\lambda$=632.8 nm). The chalcogenide films prepared in this work were thinner in comparison with the penetration depth of recording light ($d_p$=1.66 mm). The variation of the diffraction efficiency $(\eta)$ in amorphous chalcogende films exhibits a tendency, independently of the Ag photodoping. That is, n increases relatively rapidly at the beginning of the recording process, reaches the maximum $({\eta}_{max})$ and slowly decreases. In addition, the value of ${\eta}_{max}$ depends strongly on chalcogenide film thickness(d) and its peak among the films with d = 40, 80, 150, 300, and 633 nm is observed at d = 150 nm (approximately 1/2n), where n is refractive index of the chalcogenide (n=2.0). The ${\eta}$ is largely enhanced by Ag photodoping into the chalcogenides. In particular, the value of hmax in a bilayer of 10-nm-thick Ag/150-nm-thick AsGeSeS film is about 1.6%, which corresponds to ~20 times in comparison with that of the AsGeSeS film (without Ag).

• 한국염색가공학회지
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• 제8권5호
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• pp.49-67
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• 1996

이 연구의 목적은 에틸렌이민 유도체를 갖는 아조계 분산 염료의 나일론 6.6 섬유에의 응용과 최적화된 나일론 염색 조건의 확립이다. 두 쌍의 염료 A-1/A-2와 D-1/D-2의 최대흡수파장(&{\lambda}_{max}&)을 비교할 경우, 아세톤 최대흡수파장(λ$_{max}$)의 차이가 없거나 적어졌다. 세가지 아지리디닐 모노 아조 염료와 이들 염료의 가수분해 된 형태 그리고 디메닐아닐린계 아조 염료의 나일론 6.6 섬유에 대한 염색 및 견뢰도 성질이 조사되었다. 아지리디닐 염료의 나일론 섬유상의 최대 염착은 pH 5에서 얻어졌으며, 염색된 나일론 섬유에서의 용매추출의 경우 최소 염료 추출은 pH 8.0-10.0 에서 얻어졌다. 아지리디닐 염료 염색된 나일론 섬유상의 세탁 견뢰도와 광 견뢰도는 염색 시 pH의 증가에 따라 증가하였으나, pH 8에서의 견뢰도 성질이 pH 10에서와 비교하여 보다 개선되었다. 세가지 아지리디닐 염료가 이들 염료의 가수분해 된 형태 그리고 디메틸아닐린계 아조 염료와 비교해서 나일론 6.6 섬유상에서 보다 개선된 견뢰도를 나타내었고 이는 염료와 섬유간의 공유 결합으로 기인한 것으로 여겨진다.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제32권spc8호
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• pp.3081-3089
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• 2011

A series of new bis-thienylanthracene derivatives D1~D5 containing 9,10-antharcene moiety in the center and 2-methylenemalonotitrile or 2-cyanoacrylic acid functional group on the terminal thiophenes were synthesized and characterized by $^1H$-NMR and high-resolution mass spectroscopy. Their optical, electrochemical, and thermal properties were measured. They have absorption ${\lambda}_{max}$ in the range of 437~480 nm and max of $7.4{\times}10^3{\sim}2.0{\times}10^4M^{-1}cm^{-1}$. The substitution of 2-cyanoacrylic acid group allows greater value of ${\varepsilon}_{max}$ than that of 2-methylenemalonotitrile. TGA curves showed that D4 and D5 which have 2-cyanoacrylic acid functional group on the terminal thiophene(s) exhibit good thermal stability and D4 was thermally stable up to $400^{\circ}C$. Their optical properties and LUMO energy levels measured suggest that they can serve as potential candidates for electron donor materials of organic photovoltaic cells (OPVs) or D4 and D5 which contain 2-cyanoacrylic acid group can be used as organic dyes of dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs).