• 제목/요약/키워드: ${\kappa}$-Casein

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$textsc{k}$-Casein, GMP, Sialic Acid가 한우송아지 Rotavirus와 제주도 Bovine Rotavirus(JBR)의 MA-104 세포감염에 미치는 영향 (Effect of $textsc{k}$-Casein, GMP and Sialic Acid on the Infection of MA-104 Cells by Korean Native Cattle Rotavirus and JBR)

  • 유제현;김종헌;박범석;유대환;신원선;김세민;지병주;송진욱
    • 한국축산식품학회지
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    • 제22권3호
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    • pp.274-280
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    • 2002
  • 로타바이러스는 유아와 어린 포유동물에 있어서 위장염을 일으키는 원인체로서 다양한 혈청형에 의해 발병되기 때문에 효과적인 백신 개발이 되지 않고 있다. 본 연구는 국내 분리 한우송아지 로타바이러스 S97과 JBR(Jeju island bovine rotavirus)에 $textsc{k}$-casein, GMf, sialic acid를 첨가하여 MA-104세포에 감염시켰을 때 그 억제 효과를 규명하기 위해 시행하였다. 한우송아지 로타바이러스 597과 JBR을 무혈청 Ml99배지의 MA-104세포에 감염시켜 37$^{\circ}C$에서 6일간 회전 배양하여 활성화시킨 다음, 로타바이러스 역가를 분석하였고, MA-104 세포에 활성화된 BRV를 감염시키고, $textsc{k}$-casein, GMP sialic acid를 각각 농도에 따라 첨가하여 15시간 배양한 다음 AEC 염색법으로 염색시켜 현미경 상에서 감염된 세포수를 계산하였다. 한우송아지 로타바이러스 S97과 GMR의 역가는 각각 2.5$\times$107과 2.0$\times$106 PFU/ml이었다. $textsc{k}$-casein, GMP의 농도 20001M에서 S97의 세포감염율은 97.4%와 97.44%로 나타났고, $textsc{k}$-casein, GWP의 농도 2000$\mu$M에서 JBR의 세포감염 억제율은 99.52%와 99.78%로 나타났다. Sialic acid의 농도 2000$\mu$M에서의 S97과 JBR의 세포감염 억제율은 3.85%와 3.63%로 나타났다. $textsc{k}$-casein, CU는 로타바이러스 S97과 JBR에 대해 농도 2000UM에서 97%이상의 억제효과를 나타냈으며, sialic acid는 억제효과가 거의 없었다. K-casein, GMP는 송아지뿐만 아니라 유아의 로타바이러스에 의한 설사를 억제할 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.

Holstein 종(種) 유우(乳牛)의 유단백질(乳蛋白質)의 유전적다형(遺傳的多型)과 유조성분간(乳組成分間)의 연관성 (Association between Genetic Polymorphisms of Milk Proteins and Milk Compositions in Holstein Cows)

  • 상병찬;이조윤;최종우;성창근
    • 농업과학연구
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    • 제20권1호
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    • pp.56-67
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    • 1993
  • 본(本) 연구(硏究)는 유단백질(乳蛋白質)의 유전적표식(遺傳的標識)(genetic marker)를 유우(乳牛)의 유전적(遺傳的) 개량(改良)을 위한 유우등록 및 선발(選拔) 자료로 활용하고자 1992년 국립 종축원에서 사육증인 Holstein종 159두에서 각각 유즙 시료를 채취하여 Polyacrylarnide gel(PAGE)에 의한 전기영동방법에 의하여 ${\alpha}S1$-casein(${\alpha}S1$-CN) 및 ${\beta}$-casein(${\beta}$-CN), ${\kappa}$-casein(${\kappa}$-CN) 및 ${\beta}$-lactoglobulin(${\beta}$-LG)의 유전적(遺傳的) 다형(多型)을 분석(分析)하여 유전적(遺傳的) 변이체의 표현형(表現型), 유전자형(遺傳子型) 및 유전자빈도(遺傳子頻度)를 추정하고 이들 단백질의 유전적(遺傳的) 다형(genetic polyrnorphisms)과 유조성분과의 연관성을 분석(分析) 검토(檢討)하였다. 유단백질(乳蛋白質)인 ${\alpha}S1$-CN, ${\beta}$-CN, ${\kappa}$-CN 및 ${\beta}$-LG 유전좌위(遺傳座位)의 유전적(遺傳的) 변이체의 표현형(表現型) 분포의 관찰치와 기대치간에 유의적(有意的)인 차이가 인정 되지않아 이들 유전자(遺傳子)들이 유전적(遺傳的) 평형을 이루고 있는 것으로 사료되었다. 유단백질(乳蛋白質) 좌위(座位)의 유전자형(遺傳子型)을 분석(分析)한 결과(結果) ${\alpha}S1$-CN BB유전자형(遺傳子型), ${\beta}$-CN AA유전자형(遺傳子型), ${\kappa}$-CN AA유전자형(遺傳子型) 및 ${\beta}$-LG AB 유전자형(遺傳子型)의 출현빈도(出現頻度)가 각각 79.87%, 84.28%, 71.70% 및 49.10%로 높게 나타났다. 유단백질(乳蛋白質)의 유전자빈도(遺傳子頻度)에 있어서는 ${\alpha}S1-CN^B$${\alpha}S1-CN^C$가 각각 0.899 및 0.101이었고, ${\beta}-CN^A$${\beta}-CN^B$은 각각 0.921 및 0.079이었으며, ${\kappa}-CN^A$${\kappa}-CN^B$은 각각 0.837 및 0.163이었고, ${\beta}-LG^A$${\beta}-LG^B$은 각각 0.378 및 0.622이었다. 분산분석(分散分析) 결과(結果) 유단백질(乳蛋白質)의 유전자형(遺傳子型)들은 유조성분인 유지율, 단백질 함량 및 총 고형분 함량에서 유의적(有意的)인 연관성이 인정되었다. 유조성분 함량에 있어서는 ${\kappa}$-CN좌위(座位)의 BB유전자형(遺傳子型)은 유지율 및 유단백질(乳蛋白質) 함량에서 ${\kappa}$-CN좌위(座位)의 AA 및 AB 유전자형(遺傳子型)보다 유의적(有意的)으로 높게 나타났으며, ${\beta}$-LG좌위(座位)의 AA유전자형(遺傳子型)은 유지율에서 ${\beta}$-LG좌위(座位)의 AB 및 BB 유전자형(遺傳子型)보다 유의적(有意的)으로 높게 추정되었다. 이상의 연구결과(硏究結果)를 종합하여 볼때 유조 성분인 유지율 및 단백질함량을 높히기 위하여서는 ${\kappa}$-CN좌위(座位)의 BB 유전자형(遺傳子型)과 ${\beta}$-LG좌위(座位)의 AA 유전자형(遺傳子型)을 선발(選拔)하는것이 보다 유리할 것으로 생각되었다.

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SEQUENCE ANALYSIS AND COMPARISON OF BOVINE αS1-CASEIN GENOMIC DNA

  • Lin, C.S.;Huang, M.C.;Choo, K.B.;Tseng, Y.H.
    • Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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    • 제6권4호
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    • pp.541-547
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    • 1993
  • A phage clone containing the partial ${\alpha}_{S1}$-casein gene was isolated from a bovine genomic library by using mixed probes of ovine ${\alpha}_{S1}$-, ${\beta}$- and ${\kappa}$-casein cDNAs. Restriction enzyme mapping analysis for 14.6 kb revealed that the map was in conflict with the report of Meade et al. (1990), especially in the 3'-end fragment. Sequence analysis of 12.6 kb revealed a high AT/GC ratio (1.64); we have identified eight exon sequences according to the bovine ${\alpha}_{S1}$-casein cDNA sequence. The same exon/intron splice junction sequence was observed between these exons. We suggest that the bovine ${\alpha}_{S1}$-casein gene night contain a minimum of 18 exons and the full length is approximately 18-19 kb.

한우와 Holstein종의 κ -casein 유전자의 발현조절부위의 염기서열 분석 (Analysis of Sequence on promoter of κ -casein Genes in Korean Native Cattle and Holstein)

  • 상병찬;류승희;이상훈
    • 농업과학연구
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    • 제27권1호
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    • pp.33-38
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    • 2000
  • 본 연구는 한우와 Holstein종의 $\kappa$ -CN 유전자 발현조절부위, 즉 $\kappa$ -CN gene 5'-flanking region에 대한 특성을 구명하기 위하여 specific primer를 이용하여 PCR(polymerase chain reaction) 방법으로 분석하였다. PCR 증폭 결과, 349bp 크기의 증폭산물을 얻었으며 한우와 Holstein종의 $\kappa$ -CN 유전자의 발현조절부위의 염기서열 분석결과에 있어서는 -82bp에서 -431bp까지 분석되었으며, 종간의 염기서열 비교에서 -386bp에서는 Holstein종에서는 T 염기가 한우에서는 C 염기로 치환되었으며, -241bp와 -192bp에서는 Holstein종에서는 T 및 C 염가가 존재하였으나, 한우에서는 결실되었다. 또한, -183bp에서는 한우에서는 T 염기가 존재하였으나, Holstein종에서는 염기가 결실되어 있음을 알 수 있었다. 또한 한우와 Holstein 종간의 상동성 분석에 있어서는 한우 $\kappa$ -CN 유전자 발현조절부위의 염기서열이 Holstein종과 98.9% 의 상동성을 보였다.

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부들 화분 혈전 용해효소의 정제와 특성 (Purification and Some Properties of Fibrinolytic Enzyme from Typha angustata Pollen)

  • 박혜민;구자형;오만진
    • 농업과학연구
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    • 제36권1호
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    • pp.111-122
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    • 2009
  • 부들 화분(포항(蒲黃))의 혈전 용해능을 검토하기 위하여 부들 화분을 물 추출하여 혈전 분해능이 있음을 확인하였다. 부들 화분의 혈전용해효소를 DEAE-cellulose, Sephadex G-150을 이용한 gel filteration, HPLC로 정제하여 acrylamide gel electrophoresi로 정제를 하였다. 정제효소는 HPLC와 전기영동에 의하여 순수하게 정제되었음을 확인하였고 비활성은 38U/mg로서 정제도는 86.4배이었고 분자량은 75kDa이었다. 정제효소의 최적 pH는 4.0이었고 pH 4.0-6.0에서 안정하였으며 정제효소의 최적온도는 $55^{\circ}C$이었고 $30-60^{\circ}C$에서는 안정하였으나 $70^{\circ}C$ 부터 활성이 현저히 저하하여 $80^{\circ}C$ 이상에서는 완전히 실활하였다. 기질특이성은 fibrin을 가장 잘 분해하였고 fibrin, whole casein, ${\kappa}$-casein, ${\alpha}$-casein, ${\beta}$-casein, BSA순으로 나타났다. Casein을 기질로 하였을 때 Km value는 0.44 mM 이었으며 casein에 대한 친화력이 높은 것으로 나타났다. 효소활성에 미치는 금속이온의 영향은 $K^+$, $Na^+$, $Mg^{2+}$ 등은 효소반응에 영향을 미치지 않았으나 $Zn^{2+}$, $Fe^{2+}$는 심하게 저해작용을 나타내었고 정제효소는 PMSF, iodoacetic acid 및 SDS에 의하여 심하게 저해되는 것으로 보아 serine protease로 추정되었다.

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The effect of nanoemulsified methionine and cysteine on the in vitro expression of casein in bovine mammary epithelial cells

  • Kim, Tae-Il;Kim, Tae-Gyun;Lim, Dong-Hyun;Kim, Sang-Bum;Park, Seong-Min;Lim, Hyun-Joo;Kim, Hyun-Jong;Ki, Kwang-Seok;Kwon, Eung-Gi;Kim, Young-Jun;Mayakrishnan, Vijayakumar
    • Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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    • 제32권2호
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    • pp.257-264
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    • 2019
  • Objective: Dairy cattle nutrient requirement systems acknowledge amino acid (AAs) requirements in aggregate as metabolizable protein (MP) and assume fixed efficiencies of MP used for milk protein. Regulation of mammary protein synthesis may be associated with AA input and milk protein output. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of nanoemulsified methionine and cysteine on the in-vitro expression of milk protein (casein) in bovine mammary epithelial cells (MAC-T cells). Methods: Methionine and cysteine were nonionized using Lipoid S 75 by high-speed homogenizer. The nanoemulsified AA particle size and polydispersity index were determined by dynamic light scattering correlation spectroscopy using a high-performance particle sizer instrument. 3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay was performed to determine the cytotoxicity effect of AAs with and without nanoionization at various concentrations (100 to $500{\mu}g/mL$) in mammary epithelial cells. MAC-T cells were subjected to 100% of free AA and nanoemulsified AA concentration in Dulbecco's modified Eagle medium/nutrient mixture F-12 (DMEM/F12) for the analysis of milk protein (casein) expression by the quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction method. Results: The AA-treated cells showed that cell viability tended to decrease (80%) in proportion to the concentration before nanogenesis, but cell viability increased as much as 90% after nanogenesis. The analysis of the expression of genetic markers related to milk protein indicated that; ${\alpha}_{s2}$-casein increased 2-fold, ${\kappa}$-casein increased 5-fold, and the amount of unchanged ${\beta}$-casein expression was nearly doubled in the nanoemulsified methionine-treated group when compared with the free-nanoemulsified methionine-supplemented group. On the contrary, the non-emulsified cysteine-administered group showed higher expression of genetic markers related to milk protein ${\alpha}_{s2}$-casein, ${\kappa}$-casein, and ${\beta}$-casein, but all the genetic markers related to milk protein decreased significantly after nanoemulsification. Conclusion: Detailed knowledge of factors, such nanogenesis of methionine, associated with increasing cysteine and decreasing production of genetic markers related to milk protein (casein) will help guide future recommendations to producers for maximizing milk yield with a high level of milk protein casein.

Effects of Genetic Variants of ${\kappa}$-casein and ${\beta}$-lactoglobulin and Heat Treatment of Milk on Cheese and Whey Compositions

  • Choi, J.W.;Ng-Kwai-Hang, K.F.
    • Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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    • 제15권5호
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    • pp.732-739
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    • 2002
  • Milk samples with different phenotype combination of $\{kappa}$-casein and ${\beta}$-lactoglobulin and different preheating temperatures of 30, 70, 75 and $80^{\circ}C$ were used for cheesemaking under laboratory conditions. For the 853 batches of cheese, mean composition was 59.64% total solids, 30.24% fat and 23.66% protein, and the whey contained 6.93% total solids, 0.30% fat and 0.87% protein. Least squares analysis of the data indicated that heating temperature of the milk and ${\kappa}$-CN/${\beta}$-LG phenotypes had significant effects on cheese and whey compositions. The total solids, fat and protein contents of cheese were negatively correlated with preheating temperatures of milk. Cheese from BB/BB phenotype milk had the highest and those from AA/AA phenotype milk had the lowest concentrations of total solids, fat and protein. Mean recoveries of milk components in the cheese were 53.71% of total solids, 87.15% of fat, and 80.32% of protein. For the 10 different types of milk, maximum recoveries of milk components in cheese occurred with preheating temperature of $70^{\circ}C$ or $75^{\circ}C$ and lowest recoveries occurred at $80^{\circ}C$. The whey averaged 6.94% total solids, 0.30% fat and 0.87% protein. Losses of milk components in the whey were lowest for milk preheated at $80^{\circ}C$ and for milk containing the BB/BB phenotype.

Genotype Profiles for the Quantitative Trait Related to Milk Composition in Bulls Used for Artificial Insemination in India

  • Mukhopadhyaya, P.N.;Mehta, H.H.
    • Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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    • 제15권3호
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    • pp.326-329
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    • 2002
  • A population of exotic Holstein Friesian, Jersey, their crossbreds and the indigenous Murrah breed of buffalo bulls (n=486), used in artificial insemination breeding program were screened for the allelic distribution of the ${\kappa}$-casein and ${\beta}$-lactoglobulin genotypes. The preferred "B" allele frequency was highest in Murrah buffalo bulls followed by Jersey and Holstein Friesian. The increase in this particular allele frequency in the Holstein Friesian crossbred bulls was more when compared to their Jersey counterparts. Hardy-Weinberg's equilibrium was maintained albeit with some deviations, which was higher in crossbreds than in purebreds. The feasibility of using such large-scale molecular diagnostic tools in the field and their significance with regards to the dairy economy is discussed.

The Relation between Genetic Polymorphism Markers and Milk Yield in Brown Swiss Cattle Imported to Slovakia

  • Chrenek, P.;Huba, J.;Vasicek, D.;Peskovicova, D.;Bulla, J.
    • Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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    • 제16권10호
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    • pp.1397-1401
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    • 2003
  • The aim of this study was to determine genotypes of four genetic markers and to investigate their association with milk production traits in Brown Swiss cattle imported to Slovakia. The bovine $\kappa$-casein, $\beta$-lactoglobulin, growth hormone and prolactin genotypes of 107 cows were identified by polymerase chain reaction. Effects all four genetic markers on milk, fat, protein and lactose yields and fat, protein and lactose percentage were estimated from a data set of 249 lactations. The frequency of desirable B allele of $\kappa$-casein gene to milk production was 0.46, alleles A of $\beta$-lactoglobulin gene was 0.55, allele and L of growth hormone gene was 0.45 and allele A and B of bovine prolactin gene were 0.61 and 0.39. The results of milk production obtained in our work showed that BB genotypes of $\kappa$-CN gene, AA genotypes of $\beta$-LG gene, LL genotypes of bGH gene were significantly associated with better milk production traits, mainly about the fat content. Association of a bovine prolactin genotypes with milk production were not found.