• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
• /
• v.16 no.15
• /
• pp.6491-6499
• /
• 2015

Background: Red-fleshed sweet orange juice (ROJ) comes from a new variety of citrus cultivated in Brazil that contains high levels of ${\beta}$-carotene and lycopene, and similar amounts of hesperidin (HSP) and nutrients, equivalently to blond orange juice (BOJ). Such bioactive compounds are associated with chemopreventive actions in several cancer cell lines. The purpose of this study was to examine the cytotoxicity, cell cycle, apoptosis, and cytokine secretion after BOJ, ROJ, and HSP treatment of a novel T acute lymphoblastic leukemia cell line, Loucy. Materials and Methods: Loucy cells were incubated for 24-h with BOJ, ROJ, and HSP, and the viability was measured using trypan blue. Cell cycling and apoptosis were assessed by propidium iodide (PI) and annexin V-FITC/PI flow cytometry, respectively. Secretion of cytokines $IL-1{\alpha}$, $IL1-{\beta}$, IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, IL-17A, $IFN{\gamma}$, $TNF{\alpha}$, $TGF{\beta}$, $MIP{\alpha}$, and $MIP{\beta}$ was determined by ELISA array. Results: BOJ and ROJ treatments promoted Loucy cell cytotoxicity. Additionally, BOJ induced cell cycle arrest in the G0/G1 phase, and decreased the cell accumulation in the G2/M. ROJ decreased only the G0/G1 fraction, while HSP did not change the cell cycle. BOJ led to apoptosis in a different fashion of ROJ, while the first treatment induced apoptosis by increase of late apoptosis and primary necrotic fractions, the second increased early and late apoptosis, and primary necrotic fraction compared to positive controls. HSP had no effect on apoptosis. IL-6 and IL-10 were abrogated by all treatments. Conclusions: Taking together, these results suggest potential chemopreventive effects of BOJ and ROJ on Loucy cells.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
• /
• v.48 no.2
• /
• pp.159-164
• /
• 2004

Primary pro-inflammatory cytokines are a trio: tumor necrosis- $\alpha$ (TNF-$\alpha$), interleukine-$\beta$ (IL-$\beta$), and interleukine-6 (IL-6). These cytokines initiate and regulate the acute-phase inflammatory response during infection, trauma, or stress and appear to play an important role in the immune process. Nitric oxide (NO) is a multi-functional mediator, which plays an important role in regulating various biological functions in vivo. NO production by inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) in macrophages is essential for the defense mechanisms against microorganisms and tumor cells. However, over-expression of iNOS by various stimuli, resulting in over-production of NO, contributes to the pathogenesis of septic shock and some inflammatory and auto-immune disease. Solvent fractions of sage ( Salvia officinalis L.), which is cultivated in Jeju-Do, was assayed for their effects on TNF-$\alpha$ and IL-6 production in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophages. Hexane and ethylacetate (EtOAc) fraction of sage inhibited the protein and mRNA expression of TNF-$\alpha$ and IL-6 in LPS stimulated RAW 264.7 cells at the concentration of 100 $\mu\textrm{g}$/$m\ell$. Also, incubation of RAW 264.7 cells with the fraction of hexane or EtOAc (50 $\mu\textrm{g}$/$m\ell$) inhibited the LPS induced nitrite accumulation and the LPS/IFN-${\gamma}$ induced iNOS protein. And this inhibition of iNOS protein is concordant with the inhibition of iNOS mRNA expression. Above results suggest that extract of sage may have anti-inflammatory activity through the inhibition of pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-$\alpha$, IL-1$\beta$, IL-6), iNOS and NO.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
• /
• v.30 no.5
• /
• pp.720-727
• /
• 2017

Objective: The aim of this work was to determine the relationship between objective sensory descriptors and volatile flavour compound composition of Polish traditional dry-cured loin. Methods: The volatile compounds were investigated by using solid phase microextraction (SPME) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). For sensory assessment, the quantitative descriptive analysis (QDA) method was used. Results: A total of 50 volatile compounds were found and assigned to 17 chemical families. Most of the detected volatile compounds derived from smoking, lipid oxidative reactions and seasoning (46.8%, 21.7%, and 18.9%, respectively). The dominant compounds were: aromatic hydrocarbon (toluene); alkanes (hexane, heptane, and 2,2,4-trimethylpentane); aldehyde (hexanal); alcohol (2-furanmethanol); ketone (3-hydroxy-2-butanone); phenol (guaiacol); and terpenes (eucalyptol, cymene, ${\gamma}-terpinen$, and limonene). Correlation analysis showed that some compounds derived from smoking were positively correlated with the intensity of cured meat odour and flavour and negatively with the intensity of dried meat odour and flavour, while terpenes were strongly correlated with odour and flavour of added spices. Conclusion: The analysed dry-cured loins were characterized by specific and unique sensory profile. Odour and flavour of studied loins was mainly determined by volatile compounds originating from smoking, seasoning and lipid oxidation. Obtained results suggest that smoking process is a crucial stage during Polish traditional dry-cured loins production.

• BMB Reports
• /
• v.29 no.5
• /
• pp.429-435
• /
• 1996

To investigate the structure-antagonistic relationship of the cyclohexapeptide L-659,877, a selective NK-2 tachykinin receptor antagonist, seven analogues were chemically synthesized by a solid phase method. The agonistic and antagonistic activities of the analogues were evaluated by contraction assay using the smooth muscle of guinea pig trachea (GPT) containing the NK-2 receptor. It was shown that the aromatic ring of Phe at position 3 and the sulfur group of Met at position 6 in L-659,877 were essential for binding to the NK-2 receptor. Decrease in antagonistic activity of L-659,877 caused by substituting Leu for Nle at position 5 indicates that the ${\gamma}$ methyl group and side chain length of Leu plays an important role in its antagonistic action. Although the activity was slightly lower than L-659,877, cyclo $[{\beta}Ala^{8}]NKA(4-10)$ (analogue 1) showed potential antagonistic activity for the NK-2 receptor. It was confirmed that the expansion of the ring in L-659,877 by substitution of ${\beta}Ala$ for Gly at position 4 stabilized its conformation monitored by CD spectra. The results suggest that analogue 1 can be used as a new leader compound to design a more powerful, selective, and stable NK-2 receptor antagonist.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
• /
• v.14 no.2
• /
• pp.747-752
• /
• 2013

Oncostatin M (OSM) is a multifunctional cellular regulator acting on a wide variety of cells, which has potential roles in the regulation of gene activation, cell survival, proliferation and differentiation. Previous studies have shown that OSM can induce morphological and/or functional differentiation and maturation of many tumor cells. However, the action of OSM on the induction of differentiation of human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) has not been reported. Here, we investigated the effects of different concentrations of OSM on human HCC cell line SMMC-7721 growth, proliferation, cell cycling, apoptosis and differentiation in vitro. Cell growth was determined via MTT assay, proliferation by cell cycle analysis, apoptosis by flow cytometry, morphology by transmission electronic microscopy, and cell function by detection of biochemical markers. Our results demonstrated that OSM strongly inhibited the growth of SMMC-7721 cells in a dose-dependent manner, associated with decreased clonogenicity. Cell cycle analysis revealed a decreased proportion of cells in S phase, with arrest at G0/G1. The apotosis rate was increased after OSM treatment compared to the control. These changes were associated with striking changes in cellular morphology, toward a more mature hepatic phenotype, accompanied by significant reduction of the expression of AFP and specific activity of ${\gamma}$-GT, with remarkable increase in secretion of albumin and ALP activity. Taken together, our findings indicate that OSM could induce the differentiation and reduce cell viability of SMMC-7721 cells, suggesting that differentiation therapy with OSM offers the opportunity for therapeutic intervention in HCC.

• Korean Journal of Materials Research
• /
• v.9 no.7
• /
• pp.740-747
• /
• 1999

Grain refinement is the only strengthening mechanism that improves both strength and toughness. Controlled rolling and accelerated cooling techniques have been known to be effective method to improve the mechanical properties by controlling the recrystallization and/or grain coarsening during processing. Repeat phase transformation $(\gamma/\alpha)$ by repeat heat treating is another way of grain refinement. In this study, a combined effect of controlled rolling and repeat heat treating was investigated. To study the effects of Mo addition and process parameters, Mo alloyed low carbon steels were prepared and thermomechanical controlled processes were simulated in the Gleeble system. The Mo addition resulted in an increasement of the grain coarsening temperature and suppress austenite recrystallization. The optimum condition for the refinement of austenite was obtained when the controlled rolling was performed twice with the same heat treatment condition, and reduction ratio of second pass was higher than that of first pass.

• Korean Journal of Materials Research
• /
• v.6 no.9
• /
• pp.943-949
• /
• 1996

카올린에서 추출된 황산알루미늄 용액으로부터 촉매담체용 r-AI2O3분말 합성에 대하여 연구하였다. 황산알루미늄 용액을 교반중의 에탄올(ethanol)에 적하하여 단일상(single phase)의 AI2(So4)3 18H2O석출물을 제조하고 이 석출물의 하소로부터 r-AI2O3분말을 합성하였다. 이 분말을 100$0^{\circ}C$에서 2시간 하소하였을 때 열적안정성을 보였으나, 120$0^{\circ}C$-2시간 하소에서 $\alpha$-AI2O3 로 전이하였다. r-AI2O3의 열적안정성에 미치는 BaO 첨가의 영향을 조사 연구하였다. 첨가량은 r-AI2O3에 대해서 1.0-6.0wt%로 하였다. BaO를 4.0wt%첨가한 시료는 AI2O3-BaO.6AI2O3(hexa-aluminate)혼합상생성으로 인하여 120$0^{\circ}C$에서 r-AI2O3의 전이를 방지하는데 효과적이었다. BaO를 4.0wt%첨가한 시료와 BaO를 첨가하지 않은 시료에 대하여 r-AI2O3$\longrightarrow$ $\alpha$-AI2O3전이에 따른 비표면적을 조사하여 보았다. 120$0^{\circ}C$-2시간에서 BaO 4.0wt% 첨가한 시료와 BaO를 첨가하지 않은 시료의 비표면적은 각각 95$m^2$/g과 50$m^2$/g을 유지하였다.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
• /
• v.53 no.4
• /
• pp.385-394
• /
• 2015

Leishmaniasis is a worldwide uncontrolled parasitic disease due to the lack of effective drug and vaccine. To speed up effective drug development, we need powerful methods to rapidly assess drug effectiveness against the intracellular form of Leishmania in high throughput assays. Reporter gene technology has proven to be an excellent tool for drug screening in vitro. The effects of reporter proteins on parasite infectivity should be identified both in vitro and in vivo. In this research, we initially compared the infectivity rate of recombinant Leishmania major expressing stably enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) alone or EGFP-luciferase (EGFP-LUC) with the wild-type strain. Next, we evaluated the sensitivity of these parasites to amphotericin B (AmB) as a standard drug in 2 parasitic phases, promastigote and amastigote. This comparison was made by MTT and nitric oxide (NO) assay and by quantifying the specific signals derived from reporter genes like EGFP intensity and luciferase activity. To study the amastigote form, both B10R and THP-1 macrophage cell lines were infected in the stationary phase and were exposed to AmB at different time points. Our results clearly revealed that the 3 parasite lines had similar in vitro infectivity rates with comparable parasite-induced levels of NO following interferon-${\gamma}$/lipopolysaccharide induction. Based on our results we proposed the more reporter gene, the faster and more sensitive evaluation of the drug efficiency.

• Journal of Welding and Joining
• /
• v.17 no.1
• /
• pp.133-144
• /
• 1999

To fine seam annealer capacity of through thickness seam annealing in terms of through thickness microstructure change with increased toughness and elongation leaving heat trace on it, high strength steel pipes of ERW with different thickness were tested in different seam annealing temperature measured on the outer surface of pipes. Annealing temperature and microstructure of the weld seam were changed through applied seam annealing condition. Toughness and tensile test with hardness and microstructure analysis were done on the annealed weld seam to fine its characteristics as a primary step and annealing characteristics according to different seam annealing condition. Through a study of annealed ERW weld seam characteristics and seam annealing technology, amount of electric power should apply in decreased manner to arranged inductors of annealer in the order of 1st, 2nd, 3rd, so on for proper seam annealing. For example of 15.4mm thick and 610mm outside diameter pipe, applied power for proper seam annealing is 600 -650kw at 1st inductor, 450 - 500kw at 2nd inductor, 200-250 kw at 3rd inductor of annealer during 10 - 12M/minute moving speed of pipe. Also, the penetration depth of heat trace along the thickness direction of weld during seam annealing can be estimated through the equation 17mm/kv$\times$voltage(kv) with the microstructure and hardness analysis of thick weld seam as well as study of seam annealing and comparison of cooling condition to CCT diagram of low carbon high strength steel. From this result, the difference between the technological applicability of full annealing condition based on phase diagram and full penetration of heat trace based on CCT diagram along the thickness of weld seam is discussed.

• Journal of Internet Computing and Services
• /
• v.8 no.2
• /
• pp.23-31
• /
• 2007

If the effort(manpower) and schedule are estimated, there is very difficult to allocate the manpower according to the schedule time units efficiently. Generally, the Putnam's Rayleigh Model has been applied popularly. This distribution model is expressing topology that manpower is consumed concentrically in first-half point. But actual manpower of projects are consumed concentrically at middle or second half point. Therefore, this model cannot be applied in software project planning area. This paper suggests a model to distribute manpower efficiently. Fist of all, we investigate a typical type presenting in software development field and manpower profile type of actuality development projects. Next, we suggested a method to present the model by a drawing a contour about manpower profile for the efficient manpower distribution. The proposed model shows better performance than Rayleigh and Gomma model. By applying proposed model, we will properly distribute manpower to schedule in software development planning phase, and finally we may manage project successfully.