• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• v.10 no.7
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• pp.3286-3300
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• 2016

High Efficiency Video Coding (HEVC) Standard, as the latest coding standard, introduces satisfying compression structures with respect to its predecessor Advanced Video Coding (H.264/AVC). The new coding standard can offer improved encoding performance compared with H.264/AVC. However, it also leads to enormous computational complexity that makes it considerably difficult to be implemented in real time application. In this paper, based on machine learning, a fast partitioning method is proposed, which can search for the best splitting structures for Intra-Prediction. In view of the video texture characteristics, we choose the entropy of Gray-Scale Difference Statistics (GDS) and the minimum of Sum of Absolute Transformed Difference (SATD) as two important features, which can make a balance between the computation complexity and classification performance. According to the selected features, adaptive decision trees can be built for the Coding Units (CU) with different size by offline training. Furthermore, by this way, the partition of CUs can be resolved as a binary classification problem. Experimental results have shown that the proposed algorithm can save over 34% encoding time on average, with a negligible Bjontegaard Delta (BD)-rate increase.

• Journal of Sericultural and Entomological Science
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.81-84
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• 1983

The equilibrium sorption of Orange II by silk fibroin in the range of 50$^{\circ}$, 70$^{\circ}$, 90$^{\circ}C$ and to pH 1.5, 2.2, and 4.0 have been discussed in the light of the dual sorption. Langmuir sorption constant K$\_$L/ and partition coefficient K$\_$P/ were decreased with the increase of the temperature and the pH for the dyeing of silk fibroin with Orange II. Positive values for adsorption entropy were observed. It was found that the values of $\Delta$H$^{\circ}$ is negative for dyeing conditions, and the dyestuff/fibre reaction is therefore exothermic.refore exothermic.

• Journal of Multimedia Information System
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• v.8 no.3
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• pp.147-158
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• 2021

Versatile Video Coding (VVC) is the latest video coding standard developed by Joint Video Exploration Team (JVET). In VVC, the quadtree plus multi-type tree (QT+MTT) structure of coding unit (CU) partition is adopted, and its computational complexity is considerably high due to the brute-force search for recursive rate-distortion (RD) optimization. In this paper, we aim to reduce the time complexity of inter-picture prediction mode since the inter prediction accounts for a large portion of the total encoding time. The problem can be defined as classifying the split mode of each CU. To classify the split mode effectively, a novel convolutional neural network (CNN) called multi-level tree (MLT-CNN) architecture is introduced. For boosting classification performance, we utilize additional information including inter-picture information while training the CNN. The overall algorithm including the MLT-CNN inference process is implemented on VVC Test Model (VTM) 11.0. The CUs of size 128×128 can be the inputs of the CNN. The sequences are encoded at the random access (RA) configuration with five QP values {22, 27, 32, 37, 42}. The experimental results show that the proposed algorithm can reduce the computational complexity by 11.53% on average, and 26.14% for the maximum with an average 1.01% of the increase in Bjøntegaard delta bit rate (BDBR). Especially, the proposed method shows higher performance on the sequences of the A and B classes, reducing 9.81%~26.14% of encoding time with 0.95%~3.28% of the BDBR increase.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.4 no.4
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• pp.162-169
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• 1983

The swelling and stress-elongation experiments have been performed for two kinds of gels of tactic poly (2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate) (P-HEMA) with varying crosslinker concentrations. The gels of isotactic and syndiotactic P-HEMA were swollen in aqueous salt solutions upon varying molal concentrations. The solute used were NaCl, $MgCl_2$, $Na_2SO_4$, $MgSO_4$ and urea. The water content at equilibrium swelling and the salt partition coefficient were determined, and stress-elongation curves of the gels were obtained. From these results, the effective number of chain (${\nu}_e$) and the Flory-Huggins interaction parameter (${\chi}_1$) were also obtained. The swelling experiment was also performed under varying solvents, and the degree of swelling was determined. The solubility parameter of P-HEMA was obtained as 13.4 (cal/mole)$^{l/2}$ using the correlation between the degree of swelling and the solubility parameter (${\delta}_1$) of solvents. The mechanical properties of syndiotactic P-HEMA is stronger than that of isotactic P-HEMA, and the water content of both gels become smaller when the crosslinking increases. Isotactic P-HEMA contains more water content than syndiotactic P-HEMA does.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.267-271
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• 2011

Static Headspace Gas Chromatographic analysis was used to study the partitioning behavior of five organic printing ink solvents between chocolate cookie/air systems. Three cookie sample formulations varied with respect to chocolate type and overall percentage of constituents. Major considerations involved differences in fat content and type and resulting variability in chemical and physical structure. Each of the solvents studied (ethyl acetate, hexane, isopropanol, methyl ethyl ketone, toluene) represents a general class of printing ink solvents based on predominate functional group. Values of the partitioning coefficient (Kp) were determined at equilibrium using measured quantities of both solvent and cookie sample in closed systems at temperature of 25, 35, and $45^{\circ}C$. In each of the three cookies at the three test temperatures, toluene always exhibited the greatest value of partitioning to cookie and hexane always exhibited the least. Results also showed that the partitioning behavior of solvents is generally inversely related to temperature and that solvent affinity, though constant for a particular cookie type over all test temperatures, varies significantly among the three cookie types. The preference of each of the five solvents for each cookie sample was also found to vary with temperature. No correlation was found between the extent of partitioning and cookie formulation or physical characteristic of solvent. The Hildebrand parameter, related to ${\Delta}Hmix$ (heat of mixing), may be used to describe differences in partitioning based on the overall potential of a solvent/cookie interaction to occur. The potential for interaction is dependent upon the chemical structure of the cookie sample and thus the availability of 'active-sites' required for a given solvent.