• Annals of Clinical Neurophysiology
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.26-30
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• 2001

Purpose : Eyeball movement is one of the main artifacts in EEG. A new approach to the removal of these artifacts is presented using independent component analysis(ICA). This technique is a signal-processing algorithm to separate independent sources from unknown mixed signals. This study was performed to show that ICA is a useful method for the separation of EEG components with little data deformity. Methods : 12 sets of 10 sec digital EEG data including eye opening and closure were obtained using international 10~20 system scalp electrodes. ICA with 18 tracings of double banana bipolar montage was performed. Among obtained 18 independent components, two components, which were thought to be eyeball movements were removed. Other 16 components were reconstructed into original bipolar montage. Power spectral analysis of EEGs before and after ICA was done and compared statistically. Total 12 pairs of data were compared by visual inspection and relative power comparison. Results : Waveforms of each pair looked alike by visual inspection. Means of relative power before and after ICA were 29.16% vs. 28.27%, 12.12% vs. 12.41%, 10.55% vs. 10.52%, and 19.33% vs. 18. 33% for alpha, beta, theta, and delta, respectively. These values were statistically same before and after ICA. Conclusions : We found little data deformity after ICA and it was possible to isolate eyeball movements in EEG recordings. Many other components of EEG could be selectively separated using ICA.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.57 no.1
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• pp.83-88
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• 2012

In order to get information on tocopherol content and composition in fifty-six soybean germplasms were evaluated by HPLC. From the principle component analysis, the first three components accounted for 71.6% of the total variance of tocopherol content in the germplasms. Principal component 1 showed significant correlations with all the morphological markers except 100-seed weight. Soybean germplasms were divided into three groups by the first two principal components. The highest content of ${\alpha}$-tocopherol was $38.6{\mu}g$ per g in Tanner, while that of ${\gamma}$-tocopherol was $195.6{\mu}g$ in PI 91073. In case of ${\delta}$-tocopherol, IT 105622 showed the highest value as $29.8{\mu}g$. The contents of tocopherol were gradually increased from the late August to late September, which was 10 days before maturity, in Alchankong and PI 96322. The tocopherol content was higher in seeds from the plants sown early than those sown late. Total tocopherol contents of PI 96188, Geomjeongkong 2, and Suwon 183 grown in Gimje were higher than those grown in Iksan, but the difference was not observed in PI 96322. These results suggest that the contents of tocopherol in soybean were affected not only by the genotypes but also by environment.

• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.45 no.5
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• pp.461-469
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• 2001

The combinatorial approach has been applied to discover and optimize the composition of the novel or enhanced materials. In this study, we screened the optimum composition of the system SrO-Gd$_2$O$_3$-Al$_2$O$_3$ doped with $Tb^{3+}$ by a polymerized-complex combinatorial chemistry method. Mixtures with compositions of Sr, Gd and Al component that is in the range from 0 to 1 in about 0.05 increments could be tested. The sample powders were synthesized by a polymerized complex method. To prepare appropriately polymeric precursors, we used the metallic nitrates, citric acid and ethylene glycol. The luminescence properties of the synthesized powders are investigated using the UV and VUV (Vacuum-UV: 147 nm) photoluminescence spectrometer. In addition, the crystallinity and morphology of powder were monitored by X-ray diffraction spectrometer and scanning electron microscopy. In result of VUV PL works, there are good luminescent samples with the composition of 0.595 < x < 0.733 and 0.016 < y < 0.017 in Gd1-x-yAlxTbyO$\delta$ and 0.049 < x < 0.064 and 0.02 < y < 0.039 in $Sr_xAl_{1-x-y}Tb_yO_$\delta$$, their materials can be applicable to plasma display panels as the green phosphor.

• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.36-42
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• 2011

In order to optimize the supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) conditions of ginger oleoresin (GO), we conducted an evaluation of quality properties such as yield (%), color, volatile flavor compounds and gingerol components. The extraction yield gained by SFE increased as extraction pressure and temperature increased. The highest yield was $8.96{\pm}0.68%$ at 500 bar $65^{\circ}C$ extraction condition. The total color difference (${\Delta}E$) values decreased at high pressure. In case of the 100 bar pressure conditions, ${\Delta}E$-values increased as the temperature went up. The analysis of the 6-gingerol, 8-gingerol, 10-gingerol, 6-shogaol and curcumin contents decreased at high temperature conditions of identical pressure and increased at high pressure conditions. The volatile flavor compounds were detected in zingiberene, ${\beta}$-sesquiphellandre, ${\beta}$-phellandre, ${\alpha}{\gamma}$-curcumene, 2,3-butandiol, ${\beta}$-bisabolene and so on. Also volatile component contents showed difference in each of extraction conditions.

• Journal of Astronomy and Space Sciences
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.249-262
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• 2005

Optimization problems are formulated to calculate optimal impulses for deflecting Earth-Crossing Objects using a Nonlinear Programming. This formulation allows us to analyze the velocity changes in normal direction to the celestial body's orbital plane, which is neglected in many previous studies. The constrained optimization in the three-dimensional space is based on a patched conic method including the Earth's gravitational effects, and yields impulsive ${\Delta}V$ to deflect the target's orbit. The optimal solution is dependent on relative positions and velocities between the Earth and the Earth-crossing objects, and can be represented by optimal magnitude and angle of ${\Delta}V $ as a functions of a impulse time. The perpendicular component of ${\Delta}V $ to the orbit plane can sometimes play un-negligible role as the impulse time approaches the impact time. The optimal ${\Delta}V $ is increased when the original orbit of Earth-crossing object is more similar to the Earth's orbit, and is also exponentially increased as the impulse time reaches to the impact time. The analyses performed in present paper can be used to the deflection missions in the future.

• Korean Journal of Microbiology
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• v.45 no.1
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• pp.63-68
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• 2009

The exo-polysaccharide producing microorganism, Aureobasidium pullulans IMS-822, was isolated and identified from soil. The viscosity-average molecular weight of exo-polysaccharide was calculated as $8.9{\times}10^5$ by Mark-Houwink equation. The sugar component of exo-polysaccharide was determined as glucose by HPLC analysis. The IR spectra indicated that the exo-polysaccharide has an absorption peak at 890 $cm^{-1}$ for the ${\beta}-configuration$ of D-glucan. The $^{13}C$ NMR signal at ${\delta}$ 86.62 ppm arose from the substituted C-3 of glucose. The signal at ${\delta}$ 72.11 ppm was assigned to C-6 of branched ${\beta}-(1{\to}3)-D-glucosyl$ residues. Viscosity and Congo red reaction indicated that {\beta}-(1{\to}3)(1{\to}6)-glucan$ produced by A. pullulans IMS-822 has a highly ordered hydrogen-bond dependent conformation in aqueous solution, which collapses in strong alkaline solution.

• Animal cells and systems
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.215-219
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• 1999

Monoclonal antibody for delta-9-tetrahydrocannabiol (THC Ab), conjugated with protein A-gold, was employed as a probe to detect THC localization in the gland and subjacent cells of chemically fixed bracts of Cannabis. THC was detected in the outer wall of the disc cells, fibrillar matrix, the surface feature of secretory vesicles, and sheath throughout development of the secretory cavity. The probe was absent from vesicles. Label was also present in anticlinal walls of disc cells and walls of dermal and mesophyll cells. Little or no THC Ab was present in disc cells and none were detected in control tissues. This distribution pattern of THC Ab was similar to that in tissues prepared by high pressure cryofixation-cryosubstitution. Consistent association of THC with wall and wall-derived materials suggests that cannnabinoids are synthesized outside the plasma membrane and bound to a wall component, where-upon they are transported to the cavity with wall materials released from the disc cell wall during development of the secretory cavity.

• Journal of Power Electronics
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• v.10 no.5
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• pp.538-547
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• 2010

This paper deals with a stand-alone wind energy conversion system (WECS) with an isolated asynchronous generator (IAG) and voltage and frequency (VF) control feeding three-phase four-wire loads. The reference generator currents are estimated using the instantaneous symmetrical component theory to control the voltage and frequency of an IAG system. A three-leg voltage source converter (VSC) with an isolated star/delta transformer is used as an integrated VSC. An integrated VSC with a battery energy storage system (BESS) is used to control the active and reactive powers of the WECS. The WECS is modeled and simulated in MATLAB using the Simulink and the Sim Power System (SPS) toolboxes. The proposed VF controller functions as a voltage and frequency regulator, a load leveler, a load balancer and a harmonic eliminator in the WECS. A comparison is made on the rating of the VSC with and without ac capacitors connected at the terminals of an IAG. Simulation and test results are presented to verify the control algorithm.

• Journal of Astronomy and Space Sciences
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.21-30
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• 1994

VV Cep-type long period spectroscopic-eclipsing binary AZ Cas has been observed for five years, 1985 Oct~1990 Feb, UBV at the Ilsan Station of Yonsei University Observatory. A total of 431 observations (U=129, B=142 and V=160) are made for 86 nights. Instrumental differential UBV and B-V light curves made with these observations cover phases nearly a half of one period. There is no appreciable light variation in V but in other two passbands a gradual decrease of the brightness is clearly noticed. The loss of light in B resulted in a reddening in $\Delta(B-V)$ by + 0.06 at phases between 0.4~0.5 as compared with that of at phase ~0.1. This intrinsic reddening arouses a question why at the orbital phase of the transit of a hot star in front of a cool M supergiant the heating of the facing hemisphere of M supergiant by the strong radiation from the B stat is absent. With regard to this unusual situation we propose a hypothesis that a large amount of gas stream of low temperature ejected from the surface of M supergiant component towards the B star dominates the brightness of B star and the reflection effect.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• 1987.07b
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• pp.1157-1159
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• 1987

A syntactic and semantic approach is used to make type classification based on feature points(whorl, delta, core) and the shape of flow line around feature points. The image is divided into 30 by 30 subregions which are represented in the average direction and 4-tuple direction component. Next the relaxation process with singularity detection and convergency checking is performed. A set of semantic languages is used to describe the major flow line around the extracted feature points. LR(1) parser and feature transfer function are used to recognize the coded flow patterns. The 72 fingerprint impressions is used to test the proposed approach and the rate of the classification is about 93 percentages.