• Journal of Korean Medicine Rehabilitation
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.95-108
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• 2021

Objectives This study was conducted to investigate the beta-glucan, ginsenoside content, antioxidant activity and safety of modified Kyungohkgo added to Sparassis crispa and Hericium erinaceum. Methods The marker compounds contents, antioxidant activity and safety of modified Kyungohkgo were tested. The contents of beta-glucan and ginsenoside Rb1, Rg1, and Rg3 marker compounds were measured, the antioxidant activity was measured using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical scavenging activity, and a safety test was conducted via single dose toxicity assessment. Results Analyzing the contents of marker compounds showed 351.75 mg/g of beta-glucan, 0.0327 mg/g of ginsenoside Rb1 and 0.0802 mg/g of ginsenosai Rg3. In the DPPH free radical scavenging activity, the inhibition concentration 50% of modified Kyungohkgo was 0.2880%. The scavenging activity of modified Kyungohkgo was 5.49% activity at 0.05% concentration, 89.66% activity at 0.5% concentration, 94.68% activity at 1% concentration, and 96.06% activity at 5% concentration. In the single dose toxicity test of modified Kyungohkgo, a dose of 2,000 mg/kg B.W. was set at its highest capacity and observed after oral administration to female and male rats. No toxicological findings were recognized. It was observed that the resulting lethal dose can be set to 2,000 mg/kg B.W. or higher for both females and males. Conclusions The results of the experiment on modified Kyungohkgo showed that the marker compounds contents were beta-glucan and ginsenoside Rb1 and Rg3, that antioxidant activity was observed through the DPPH free radical scavenging activity, and safety was confirmed through the single dose toxicity assessment.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• v.57 no.4
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• pp.235-241
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• 2015

Objective : Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of chronic subdural hematoma (CSDH) detects various patterns, which can be attributed to many factors. The purpose of this study was to measure the level of interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-8 (IL-8), and highly specific protein [beta-trace protein (${\beta}TP$)] for cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) in CSDHs, and correlate the levels of these markers with the MRI findings. Methods : Thirty one patients, treated surgically for CSDH, were divided on the basis of MRI findings into hyperintense and non-hyperintense groups. The concentrations of IL-6, IL-8, and ${\beta}TP$ in the subdural fluid and serum were measured. The ${\beta}TP$ was considered to indicate an admixture of CSF to the subdural fluid if ${\beta}TP$ in the subdural fluid $({\beta}TP_{SF})/{\beta}TP$ in the serum $({\beta}TP_{SER})>2$. Results : The mean concentrations of IL-6 and IL-8 of the hyperintense group (n=17) of T1-WI MRI were $3975.1{\pm}1040.8pg/mL$ and $6873.2{\pm}6365.4pg/mL$, whereas them of the non-hyperintense group (n=14) were $2173.5{\pm}1042.1pg/mL$ and $2851.2{\pm}6267.5pg/mL$ (p<0.001 and p=0.004). The mean concentrations of ${\beta}TP_{SF}$ and the ratio of ${\beta}TP_{SF}/{\beta}TP_{SER}$ of the hyperintense group (n=13) of T2-WI MRI were $7.3{\pm}2.9mg/L$ and $12.6{\pm}5.4$, whereas them of the non-hyperintense group (n=18) were $4.3{\pm}2.3mg/L$ and $7.5{\pm}3.9$ (p=0.011 and p=0.011). Conclusion : The hyperintense group on T1-WI MRI of CSDHs exhibited higher concentrations of IL-6 and IL-8 than non-hyperintense group. And, the hyperintese group on T2-WI MRI exhibited higher concentrations of ${\beta}TP_{SF}$ and the ratio of ${\beta}TP_{SF}/{\beta}TP_{SER}$ than non-hyperintense group. These findings appear to be associated with rebleeding and CSF admixture in the CSDHs.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.45 no.6
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• pp.715-723
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• 2001

Indomethacin is well known as a prostaglandin (PG) E$_2$ synthetase inhibitor which has antipyretic and anti-inflammatory effects and reduces the risk of cancer Growing tumors greatly induce hypersensitive responses to lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Thus, this study was investigated the effect of indomethacin on the LPS-induced production of cytokines in sarcoma-bearing ICR mice. Indomethacin at doses of 5mg/kg was administered orally 30 minutes before i.p. injection of LPS (8 mg/kg) 5 times for 7 days. LPS remarkedly increased tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-$\alpha$ and interleukin (IL)-1$\beta$, levels in both serum and splenic supernatants compared with those in controls, while indomethacin significantly reduced the LPS-increased levels of IL-1$\beta$, in both serum and supernatants. LPS significantly enhanced IL-2 levels in serum and interferon (IFN)-${\gamma}$ levels in supernatants, whereas indomethacin did not affect the LPS-increased levels of IL-2 and IFN-${\gamma}$. These data, therefore, indicate that indomethacin may attenuate the pathogenesis of IL-1$\beta$, induced by LPS and maintain the tumoricidal cellular immune effects by LPS-increased production of IL- 2 and IFN-${\gamma}$ in tumor-bearing state.

• Journal of Korea Foundry Society
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• v.33 no.6
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• pp.233-241
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• 2013

Effect of Fe and Mn contents on the castability of Al-9wt%Si-xMg-yFe-zMn alloy has been studied. The alloy was composed of ${\alpha}$-Al phase, Al+eutectic Si phase, ${\beta}$-Al5FeSi compound and chinese script ${\alpha}$-$Al_{15}(Mn,Fe)_3Si_2$ compound. ${\beta}$-$Al_5FeSi$ and ${\alpha}$-$Al_{15}(Mn,Fe)_3Si_2$ compounds assumed to effect the fluidity and shrinkage behaviors of the alloy during solidification due to the crystallization of ${\alpha}$-$Al_{15}(Fe,Mn)_3Si_2$ and ${\beta}$-$Al_5FeSi$ compounds above eutectic temperature. As Fe and Mn contents of Al-9wt%Si-0.3wt%Mg system alloy increased from 0.15wt% to 0.6wt% and from 0.3wt% to 0.7wt%, fluidity of the alloy decreased by 5.7% and 3.3%, respectively. And as Mg content of Al-9wt%Si-0.45wt%Fe-0.5wt%Mn system alloy increased from 0.3wt% to 0.4wt%, fluidity of the alloy decreased by 8.6%. When Fe content of the alloy increased from 0.15wt% to 0.6wt%, macro shrinkage ratio decreased from 6.1% to 4.1%, and micro shrinkage ratio increased from 0.04% to 0.24%. Similarly, Mn content of the alloy increased from 0.3wt% to 0.7wt%, macro shrinkage ratio decreased from 6.0% to 4.5% and micro shrinkage ratio increased from 0.12% to 0.18%. Judging from the castability of the alloy, Al-9wt%Si-0.3wt%Mg alloy with low content of Fe and Mn, 0.1wt% Fe and 0.3wt% Mn, is recommendable.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.4 no.3
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• pp.139-143
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• 1983

${\beta}$-N-Acetyl-D-glucosaminidase B was highly purified with the following sequence of steps; DEAE-cellulose, CM-cellulose, and Sephadex G-200 gel filtration chromatograpies. The specific activity of the purified ${\beta}$ -N-acetyl-D-glucosaminidase B was 2.2 units/mg protein with 12.9 % yield and 196.2 fold purity. The purified ${\beta}$-N-acetyl-D-glucosaminidase B showed single band on polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The final preparation of ${\beta}$ -N-acetyl-D-glucosaminidase B was completely free friom arylsulfatase and ${\beta}$-glucuronidase. ${\beta}$ -N-Acetyl-D-glucosaminidase B had pH optimum of 4.5 in 0.5 M sodium citrate buffer. The molecular weight of ${\beta}$-N-acetyl-D-glucosaminidase B was 133,000 by Sephadex G-200 gel filtration. The Km value of ${\beta}$-N-acetyl-D-glucosaminidase B using p-nitrophenyl-N-acetyl-${\beta}$-D-glucosaminide as substrate was 1.0 mM and $V_{max}$ was 0.014 ${\mu}$ mole/min. ${\beta}$-N-Acetyl-D-glucosaminidase B was stable at $55^{circ}C$ for 70 minutes. The crude ${\beta}$ -N-acetyl-D-glucosamiinidase in 70 % ammonium sulfate retained 93 % activity after 7 months storage at -$55^{circ}C$. Bovine serum albumin, sodium chloride, and phosphate activated ${\beta}$ -N-Acetyl-D-glucosaminidase B. N-Acetyl-D-glucosamine, ${\alpha}$-methyl-D-mannoside, and acetate inhibited ${\beta}$ -N-acetyl-D-glucosaminidase B.

• Journal of Radiation Protection and Research
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.19-27
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• 1987

In order to determine the $^{56}Mn\;{\gamma}$-detection efficiency of a $MnSO_4$ bath system, it is essential to do the absolute activity measurement of $^{56}Mn$ solution. For the fabrication of $^{56}Mn$ samples, a 13.718 mg of $^{56}Mn$ metal flake with 99.99% purity was irradiated for 12 minutes at the thermal neutron field of about $10^{13}n/cm^2s$ of flux density. The neutron activated $^{56}Mn$ metal sample was dissolved in 50 ml of 0.1 N-HCl solution. The $^{56}Mn$ samples were fabricated by using the dissolved stock solution and the activity of each of them was measured by the $4{\pi}{\beta}-{\gamma}$ coincidence counting technique. The obtained result was 408.070 kBq/mg with total uncertainty of 0.366% at reference date, 0 h on October 15, 1987.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.23 no.6
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• pp.945-949
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• 1994

Chondroitin sulfate (Chs) contents in edible snail , Achatina fulica Bowdich , andits processed meat extracts were determined by high-performance liquid chormatogrpahy(HPLC) and spectrophotometric method. Spectrophotometric method was based on the precipitation of acriflavine by ChS, and HPLC method was based on the detection of two unsaturated disaccharides, 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-3-O-($\beta$ -D-gluco-4-enepyranosyluronic acid)-4-O-sulfo-D-galactose($\Delta$Di-4S) and 2-acetamido-2deoxy-3-O-($\beta$-D-gluco-4-eepyranosyluronic acid)-6-O-sulfo-D-galactose ($\Delta$야-6S) librated from ChS byenzymeatic digestion with chondroitinase ABc. the ratio of 125$\mu$mol of sodium hydroxide to mg of ChS and 8$0^{\circ}C$ of reaction temperature were proper for alkaline hydrolysis to remove protein residue form ChS. In assay preparation for HPLC ethod, the iptimum concentration of the enzyme chondroitinase ABc was 0.15 unit per 50 $\mu\textrm{g}$ of ChS at a fixed reaction time (30 min) and pH 8.0 using Tris buffer. ChS content in edible snail was 177.6mg% by spectrophotometric method and 153.5mg% by HPLC method and those in the processed meat extract was 71.3mg% by spectrometric method ad 62.8mg% by HPLC method, respectively.

• Korean Journal of Plant Tissue Culture
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• v.21 no.5
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• pp.315-318
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• 1994

To obtain transformed plants, we cocultured cotyledonary explants of Codonopsis lanceolata with Agrobacterium tumefaciens LBA4404, a disamed strain harboring a binary vector pBI121 carrying the CaMV35S promoter-$\beta$-glucuronidase (GUS) gene fusion used as a reporter gene and NOS promoter-neomycin phosphotransferase gene as a positive selection marker in MS liquid medium with 1mg/L BA. After 48 h of culture, explants were transferred onto MS solid medium with Img/L BA, 250mg/L carbenicillin, and 100mg/L kanamycin sulfate and cultured in the dark. Numerous adventitious buds formed on the cut edges of the explants after 2 weeks of culture. When subjected to GUS histochemical assay buds showed a positive response at a frequency of 15%. Explants formed adventitious shoot at a frequency of 56.7%, after 6 weeks of culture. Upon transfer onto the basal medium, most of the shoots were rooted and subsequently the regenerants were transplanted to potting soil. Southern blot analysis confirmed that the GUS gene was incorporated into the genomic DNA of the GUS-positive regenerants.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.12 no.5
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• pp.577-583
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• 2002

The growth kinetics and the production of $\beta$-glucuronidase from transgenic tobacco's suspension culture was investigated in the flask culture and a 2.5 L bubble column reactor. The growth of bubble column reactor was similar to that of flask culture. However, in the bubble column reactor, the production of $\beta$ -glucuronidase reached 2850 U/mg (85-fold higher than that of flask culture). In both case, the production level of $\beta$ -glucuronidase was fluctuated, which was resulted from periodical degradation of the protein. Sucrose is important component in plant culture medium. Twice addition of sucrose in bubble column reactor could not improve cell growth, since other components in a medium were already depleted. However, the addition of sugar decreased cell size, which facilitated the operation of bioreactor. The production of $\beta$ -glucuronidase was continuously increased, however final concentration of $\beta$ -glucuronidase was similar to that without sucrose addition.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Heat Treatment
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.268-273
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• 1998

Effect of aging treatment on the microstructures and mechanical properties of 6N01 Aluminium alloy was investigated by differential scanning calorimetry, transmission electron microscopy, microhardness measurement and tensile test. It was found that the precipitation sequence of 6N01 Aluminium alloy was GP zone ${\rightarrow}$ metastable hexagonal $Mg_2S_i({\beta}^{\prime})$,${\rightarrow}$ equilibrium fcc $Mg_2S_i({\beta})$, and the precipitates at peak aged condition were GP zones and ${\beta}^{\prime}$ phase. Microhardness changes during over aged condition showed very small decrease upon increased aging time. This result was attributed to the very slow transformation rate of ${\beta}^{\prime}$ to ${\beta}$. Maximum hardness(116 Hv) and tensile strength(312.6MPa) with 22.3% elongation were obtained from the specimen aged at $180^{\circ}C$ for 15hrs.