• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• v.27 no.10
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• pp.1034-1036
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• 2004

Four compounds were isolated from Salicornia herbacea by repeated column chromatography. Their structures were identified as ${\beta}$-sitosterol (1), stigmasterol (2), uracil (3), and isorhamnetin-3-O-${\beta}$-D-glucopyranoside (4) by spectral analysis and comparison with the published data.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.389-396
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• 1996

Spiraea prunifolia var. simpliciflora (Rosaceae) is a deciduous. latifoliate shrub growing in most parts of Korea. The roots of this plant have been used for malaria, as antipyretics and emetics. From the roots of this plant, sterol glycoside and two triterpenoids were isolated and the structures were elucidated by chemical and spectroscopic methods. They were identified as $3{\beta}-hydroxyurs-12-ene-28-oic$ acid (ursolic acid.1), $2{\alpha}$, $3{\beta}$, $19{\alpha}-trihy-droxyurs-12-ene-28-oic$ acid (tormentic acid.2) and ${\beta}-sitoste-rol-3-O-{\beta}-D-glucopyranoside$ (3).

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.47 no.3
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• pp.357-360
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• 2004

The flower of Campsis granudiflora K. Schum. was extracted with 80% aqueous MeOH, and the concentrated extract was partitioned with EtOAc, n-BuOH and $H_2O$. From the EtOAc fraction, four compounds were isolated through the repeated silica gel and ODS column chromatographies. From the result of physico-chemical data including NMR, MS and IR, the chemical structures of the compounds were determined as linolenic acid methyl ester, linoleic acid methyl ester, ${\beta}-sitosterol$ and daucosterol. Daucosterol inhibited FPTase activity with $IC_{50}$ values of $14{\pm}0.04\;{\mu}M$.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.37 no.1
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• pp.15-22
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• 2005

Extrusion with enzyme treatment improved processing characteristics and physiological activity of whole grains, strongly suggesting industrial potential of whole grains for production of cereal-based functional foods containing activated nutraceuticals. Physicochemical properties of whole grains prepared by extrusion were characterized in terms of vitamin, mineral, and resistant starch contents, gelatinization, and digestibility in comparison with those of raw and roasted grains. Extrusion increased grain gelatinization, with degree of gelatinization in extruded barley being seven times higher than that of raw barley. Extrusion improved digestibility of whole grains in comparison with those of raw and roasted grains. Dispersibility of starch was improved through extrusion, while content of resistant starch decreased. Release of ${\beta}-sitosterol$ present in whole grains increased 13-fold when both extrusion and enzyme treatment were used.

• Natural Product Sciences
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.59-62
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• 2004

A novel chlorinated diterpene quinone methide; chlorosmaridione (7-chloro-11-hydroxy-abeita-7,9(11),13-triene-6,12-diode) was isolated from petroleum ether extract of the stems of Rosemarinus officinalis L. growing in Egypt. In addition, ${\beta}-sitosterol$, stigmasterol, lupeol acetate, ${\alpha}-amyrin,\;{\beta}-amyrin$, lupeol, acetyloleanolic acid, acetylursolic acid taxodione, horminone, and cryptotanshinone were also identified. Chemical structures of the isolated compounds have been elucidated on the bases of physical, chemical, and spectral data including IR, UV, MS, 1D-and 2D-NMR spectra.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.359-369
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• 2020

Although many studies on immune modulatory materials have used RAW 264.7 cells, few have used T cell-derived TK-1 cell lines. Moreover, although some studies have investigated the efficacy of plant-derived β-sitosterol, few have examined the immunomodulatory activity of its analogue, daucosterol. In this study, β-sitosterol and daucosterol were isolated from D. batatas and identified by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. To evaluate the immune-enhancing or inhibitory effects of the isolated phytosterols, the expression levels of the inflammatory response genes COX-2, TNF-α, IL-6, and iNOS were analyzed by RT-PCR. The relative expression levels of TNF-α and iNOS in RAW 264.7 cells were increased more than threefold with β-sitosterol treatment comparing to those of untreated control. In the case of TK-1 cells, the expression level of TNF-α was decreased and the expression level of iNOS was increased in a β-sitosterol concentration-dependent manner. The expression levels of COX-2, TNF-α, and IL-6 increased by approximately 0.7-1.2 times in RAW 264.7 cells treated with daucosterol compared to those of untreated control, but iNOS expression decreased by 0.8-0.18 times. In the case of daucosterol-treated TK-1 cells, the expression levels of TNF-α, IL-6, and iNOS were markedly reduced from those of TK-1 cells treated only with lipopolysaccaride. As a conclusion, β-sitosterol treatment increased TNF-α and iNOS expression levels in RAW 264.7 cells, thus exerting an immune- boosting effect. However, in TK-1 cells, iNOS expression increased while TNF-α expression decreased, indicating an immunosuppressive activity of β-sitosterol. Daucosterol appears to exert an immunosuppressive effect in both macrophages and T cell lines by inhibiting iNOS expression in RAW 264.7 cells and greatly inhibiting the expression of TNF-α, IL-6, and iNOS in TK-1 cells.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.40 no.4
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• pp.319-325
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• 2009

Twelve compounds were isolated from the 70% ethanol extract of Lonicera Caulis (Caprifoliaceae) and their structures were identified as six triterpenoids [(24S)-cycloart-25-en-$3{\beta}$,24-diol (1), pomolic acid (7), ursolic acid (8), euscaphic acid (9), hederagenin (10), and 23-hydroxytormentic acid (12)] and six sterols [obtusifoliol (2), gramisterol (3), citrostadienol (4), ${\beta}$-sitosterol (5), ergosterol peroxide (6) and ${\beta}$-sitosterol glucoside (11)]. The chemical structures of these compounds were identified on the basis of spectroscopic methods and comparison with literature values. All the compounds were isolated from this plant parts for the first time.

• Natural Product Sciences
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.89-93
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• 2006

One new sterol glucoside, $gomphsterol\;{\beta}-D-glucoside$ 1 along with known compounds, ${\beta}-sitosterol$, stigmasterol, campesterol, $stigmasterol-{\beta}-D-glucoside$, friedelin, 3-epi-friedelinol, allantoin, and $chrysoeriol-7-O-{\beta}-D-glucoside$ have been isolated from the aerial parts of Gomphrena globosa (Amaranthaceae). On the basis of spectroscopic (including 2D NMR) and chemical studies, the structure of 1 was elucidated as $(22E,24S)-24-ethylcholesta-7,9(11),22-trien-3{\beta}-ol-3-O-{\beta}-D-glucopyranoside$. Known compounds are reported for the first time from this plant species.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• v.27 no.10
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• pp.1016-1019
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• 2004

The chromatographic separation of a methylene chloride extract of Artemisia rubripes led to the isolation of a new sesquiterpene lactone (3), together with four known compounds, a coumarin (2) and three terpenes (1, 4, and 5). Their structures were characterized to be $1{\beta},6{\alpha}$- dihydroxy-4(15)-eudesmene (1), scopoletin (2), $1{\alpha},4{\beta}-dihydroxy-8{\alpha}$-acetoxy-guaia-2,10(14), 11(13)-triene-6,12-olide (3), $1{\alpha},4{\beta}$ -dihydroxy-8${\alpha}$-acetoxy-guaia-2,9,11(13)-triene-6,12-olide (4), and $\beta$ -sitosterol-3-O-${\beta}$-D-glycoside (5) by spectroscopic means.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.34-39
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• 2003

The traditional Asian medicinal herb, roots of Astragalus (A.) membranaceus (Leguminosae), is used for many purposes, some of which are purported to stimulate the release of growth hormone in vivo. Extracts of A. membranaceus were tested to determine whether they stimulate the release of growth hormone in rat pituitary cell culture. A. membranaceus was extracted sequentially with 80% ethanol (fraction A), n-hexane (fraction B); the test compound from the herbal extraction was isolated using silica gel column chromatography and was identified with spectral data. Test compound was also extracted by traditional boiling water methods. Induction of growth hormone in pituitary cell culture was conducted with isolated compounds and extracted fractions of A. Radix (dried roots of A. membranaceus). The fraction A was not active in the rat pituitary cell culture, but the fraction B derived from the ethanol fraction stimulated the release of growth hormone in culture. Six compounds from fraction B (1-6) were isolated and identified previously. The compounds 1,2-benzendicarboxylic acid diisononylester (1), $\beta$-sitosterol (2), and 3-Ο-$\beta$-D-galactopyranosyl-$\beta$-sitosterol (5) did not induce growth hormone release in the culture. Formononetin (3), 9Z, 12Z-octadecadienoic acid (4), stigmast-4-en-6$\beta$-o1-3-one (6) and 98-E, a mixture of 1'-9, 12-octadecadienoic acid (Z,Z)-2',3'-dihydroxy-propylester (7) and 1'-hexadecanoic acid-2',3'-dihydroxy-propylester (8) stimulated the release of growth hormone in the rat pituitary cell culture significantly compared to the control. In conclusions, four compounds isolated from extracts of A. Radix induced growth hormone release in the rat pituitary cell culture. The 98-E isolate was the most active inducer of growth hormone release.