• 한국결정학회지
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.32-34
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• 2003

여러 조건하에서 Clonorchis sinensis로부터 helminth glutatione S-transferase(28kDa isozyme)가 결정화되었다. 0.05 M potassium 완충 용액 (pH 7.0) 내에서 10% polyehtylene glycol MME 550(PEG MME 5 K)에서 자라난 결정이 $3.0{\AA}$ 분해능까지 회절하였다. 이 결정의 결정학적 자료는 다음과 같다 : 단사정계 공간 군 C2, $a=95.83{\AA}$, $b=63.82{\AA}$, $c=235.09{\AA}$, ${\beta}=97.2^{\circ}$.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제12권4호
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• pp.610-616
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• 2002

The growth-inhibiting effects of Pinus densiflpora leaf-derived materials on nine human intestinal bacteria were investigated using the impregnated paper disk method, and their activities were compared with those of 13 commercially available terpenes. The biologically active constituent of the extract of P densiflora leaf was characterized as the monoterpene (1R)-(+)-$\alpha$-pinene by various spectroscopic analyses. Responses varied according to bacterial strain, chemicals, and dose. At 10 mg/disk, limonene and (1R)-(+)-$\alpha$-pinene strongly inhibited the growth of Clostridium perfringens, Staphylococcus aureus, and Escherichia coli, without adverse effects on the growth of five lactic acid-bacteria (Bifidobacterium adolescentis, B. bifidum, B. longum, Lactobacillus acidophilus, and L. casei). Little or no inhibition against seven bacteria was observed with anethole, borneol, camphor, caryophyllene, 1,8-cineole, estragole, linalool, and $\alpha$-terpineol. Structure-activity relationship revealed that (1R)-(+)-$\alpha$-pinene had more growth-inhibiting activity against C. perfringens than (1R)-(+)-$\beta$-, (1S-(-)-$\alpha$-, and (1S-(-)-$\beta$-pinenes. Furthermore, the growth-inhibition against L. casei was much more pronounced in (1R)-(+)-$\beta$- and (In-(-)-$\beta$-pinenes than (1R)-(+)-$\alpha$- and (1S)-(-)-$\alpha$-pinenes. These results indicate that the (+)-$\alpha$ form seems to be required against C. perfringens and $\beta$ form against L. casei for growth-inhibiting activity. Morphologically, most strains of C. perfringens were damaged and disappeared at 5 and 2 mg/disk of (1R)-(+)-$\alpha$-pinene. Morphological study revealed that (1R)-(+)-$\alpha$-pinene had more growth-inhibiting activity against C. perfringens than (1R)-(+)-$\beta$-, (1S)-(-)-$\alpha$-, and (1S)-(-)-$\beta$-pinenes. As naturally occurring growth-inhibiting agents, the Pinus leaf-derived materials described above could be useful preventive agents against diseases caused by harmful intestinal bacteria such as clostridia.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제5권2호
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• pp.285-294
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• 1992

Biochemical polymorphisms of sow's milk proteins, $\beta$-casein ($\beta$-CN), $\beta$-lactoglobulin ($\beta$-LG), post-lactoglobulin (post-LG), $\alpha$-lactalbumin ($\alpha$-LA) and X-protein, as genetic markers for major pig breeds (Landrace, Yorkshire, Duroc, Hampshire and cross bred) in Korea were determined by starch gel electrophoresis. Phenotype and gene frequencies at all marker loci were estimated and genetic differences among breed populations were analyzed. Three $\beta$-CN phenotypes (AA, AB and BB) controlled by two codominant alleles (${\beta}-CN^A$ and ${\beta}-CN^B$), four $\beta$-LG phenotypes (AA, AC, $AC^{\pm}$ and CC) controlled by two codominant alleles (${\beta}-LG^A$ and ${\beta}-LG^C$) and ten X-protein phenotypes (AA, BB, CC, DD, AB, AC, AD, BC, BD and CD) controlled by four codominant alleles ($X^A,\;X^B,\;X^C\;and\;X^D$) were identified. In addition, a genetically controlled polymorphism of post-LG was found for the first time in sow's milk protein. Three different phenotypes (AA, AB and BB) were designated $post-LG^A$ and $post-LG^B$. Of the five marker loci examined, $\alpha$-LA locus was observed to lack any individual variation in all breeds studied. All populations were in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium for all loci. There were marked breed differences for phenotype and gene frequencies in the post-LG and X-protein marker loci. However, there were little differences between breeds in the gene frequencies at the $\beta$-CN and $\beta$-LG marker loci.

• 한국전기전자재료학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국전기전자재료학회 2002년도 춘계학술대회 논문집 유기절연재료 전자세라믹 방전플라즈마 일렉트렛트 및 응용기술
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• pp.67-70
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• 2002

The composites were fabricated 61vol% ${\beta}$-SiC and 39vol.% $TiB_2$ powders with the liquid forming additives of 8, 12, 16wt% $Al_2O_3+Y_2O_3$ by pressureless annealing at $1650^{\circ}C$ for 4 hours to form YAG. The result of phase analysis of composites by XRD revealed ${\alpha}$-SiC(6H), $TiB_2$, and YAG($Al_5Y_3O_{12}$) crystal phase. The relative density and the Young's modulus showed the highest value of 82.29% and 54.60 Gpa for composites added with 16wt% $Al_2O_3+Y_2O_3$ additives at room temperature.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제23권11호
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• pp.1351-1359
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• 2013

${\beta}$-Ionone의 인체 비소폐암세포 A-549 cells (human non-small lung cancer A-549 cell)에 대한 anti-proliferative effect에 관한 연구를 수행하였다. A-549 cell에 다양한 농도의 ${\beta}$-ionone (1, 5, 10, and 15 ${\mu}M$)을 2, 4, 6일 간 처리하고, 배양 2일에 A-549 cell의 생육억제와 관련되는 biochemical marker를 측정하였다. ${\beta}$-Ionone은 A-549 cell 생육을 dose와 time 의존적으로 저해하였다. ${\beta}$-Ionone 배양 2일의 $IC_{50}$은 5.0 ${\mu}g/ml$이었다. ${\beta}$-Ionone은 농도 의존적으로 apoptosis를 유도하였다. ${\beta}$-Ionone은 p53, p21 및 Bax protein 수준을 증가시켰으나, Bcl-2 protein 발현은 억제시켰다. ${\beta}$-ionone은 cytosol cytochrome c 함량을 증가시켰고, caspase-9과 caspase-3 효소 활성증가를 유도하였다. 또한, ${\beta}$-ionone은 $cPLA_2$와 COX-2 protein level을 감소시켰다. 이와 같은 결과는 ${\beta}$-ionone의 A-549 cell에 대한 생육억제효과는 Bax와 Bcl-2 gene 발현을 reciprocal regulation하여 유도한 apoptosis와 $cPLA_2$ 및 COX-2 protein 발현 억제에 기인함을 의미한다.

• 고려인삼학회:학술대회논문집
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• 고려인삼학회 1998년도 Advances in Ginseng Research - Proceedings of the 7th International Symposium on Ginseng -
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• pp.115-126
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• 1998

Four new dammarnae-glycosides named ginsenosides Rgs, Rh4, RsB and Rf2 have been isolated 1'rom Korean red ginseng, the root of Panax ginseng C. A. Meyer (Araliaceae) and their chemical structures have been elucidated by chemical and spectroscopic methods, including'H-'H COSY, HMQC, HMBC, NOESY, as 3-0- [$\beta$-D-glucopyranosyl(1 ~2)-$\beta$-D-glucopyranosyl] dammar-20(22) , B4-diene-3P,12P-diol (ginsenoside Rgs),6-0-$\beta$-D-glucopyranosyl-dammar-20(22),24-diene-3P,6P, 12P-triol (ginsenoside Rh4),3-0- [6" -0-acetyl-D-glucopyranosyl(1 ~2)--D-glucopyranosyl] 20(5)- protopanaxadiol (ginsenoside Rs3) and 6-0- [u-L-rhamno-pyranosyl(1 ~2)-$\beta$-D-glucopyranosyl] dammarane -3$\beta$, 6a, 12 $\beta$, 20(R),25-pentol(ginsenoslde Rfa). The absolute stereo structure of a double bond at C-20(22) was determined as entgegen type by applying NOESY.OESY.

• 한국자원식물학회지
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• 제20권4호
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• pp.325-330
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• 2007

인삼, 목과 혼합추출액이 ${\beta}A$로 유도된 AD 병태 모델에 미치는 영향을 관찰한 결과, 다음과 같은 결론을 얻었다. 1. 인삼, 목과 혼합추출액은 AD 병변 뇌조직의 허혈(虛血) 상태를 유의성 있게 개선하였고 허혈(虛血)로 인한 뇌조직 손상을 억제하였다. 2. 인삼, 목과 혼합추출액은 AD 병변 뇌조직의 면역조직화학 염색법으로 Tau 단백질, GFAP 단백질, presenilin 1/presenilin 2 단백질의 발현 억제를 확인하였다. 이상의 결과로 미루어 보아 인삼, 목과 추출액은 AD의 예방과 치료에 사용될 수 있을 것으로 판단되며 정확한 기전에 대한 연구와 AD 치료에 있어서 인삼, 목과 혼합추출액의 임상적 활용에 대한 연구가 향후 지속적으로 이루어져야 할 것으로 사료된다.

• 호남수학학술지
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• 제40권1호
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• pp.61-73
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• 2018

The main aim of this research paper is to evaluate the general integral of the form $${\int_{0}^{1}}x^{c-1}(1-x)^{c+{\ell}}[1+{\alpha}x+{\beta}(1-x)]^{-2c-{\ell}-1}\atop {\times}_3F_2\left\[ {a,\;b,\;2c+{\ell}+1} \\ {\frac{1}{2}(a+b+i+1),\;2c+j\;;\frac{(1+{\alpha})x}{1+{\alpha}x+{\beta}(1-x)} }\right]dx$$ in the most general form for any ${\ell}{\in}\mathbb{Z}$; and $i, j=0,{\pm}1,{\pm}2$. The results are established with the help of generalized Watson's summation theorem due to Lavoie, et al. Fifty interesting general integrals have also been obtained as special cases of our main findings.

• 한국식물병리학회지
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.1-10
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• 1996

Xanthomonas campestris pv. vesicatoria의 감염으로 토마토 잎조직에 $\beta$-1, 3-Glucanases와 chitinases가 합성, 축적되었다. 그러나 접종되지 않은 건전한 잎에서는 위의 두 가지 가수분해 효소는 매우 낮은 수준으로 유지되었고, 이 두 가지 효소는 친화적 상호작용에서보다는 불친화적 상호작용에서 더욱 높은 수준으로 존재하였다. 이것은 $\beta$-1, 3-glucanases와 chitinases가 X. c. pv. vesicatoria의 생육에 대한 방어기작으로서 중요한 역할을 한다는 것을 시사해 주고 있다. Native PAGE 젤 상에서 $\beta$-1, 3-glucanases를 분리한 결과, 병징 발현이나 저항성 발현에 중요한 역할을 하는 것으로 생각되는 산성 isoform Ga 1과 염기성 isoform Gb 1의 isoform bands만 확인되었다. Isoelectric focusing을 이용하였을 때, 적어도 pI 6.4와 pI 8.6을 지닌 두 개의 $\beta$-1, 3-glucanases의 isoform을 확인할 수 있었고, 특히 불친화적 상호작용에서 더욱 뚜렷하게 유도되었다. 이것은 병 진전과정에서 X. c. pv. vesicatoria에 대해 저항성 발현에 관여한다는 것을 나타내고 있다. 산성 chitinase isoform인 Ca 1의 활성은 병원균의 감염이 진전되는 동안 감소하였다. 또한 다섯 개의 염기성 chitinase isoform이 감염된 토마토 잎 조직에서 발견되었는데, 특히 토마토의 방어기작에 관여하여 병원화적 균주 Bv5-4a에 감염된 잎에서만 유도, 축적되었다. Isoelectric focusing(IEF)을 이용한 후 적어도 2개의 산성과 4개의 염기성 chitinase isoform이 감염된 토마토 잎 추출액에서 확인되었다. Native PAGE 젤에서 isoform Cb 1에 해당되는 pI 9.5를 지닌 chitinase isoform은 오직 불친화적 상호작용에서만 확인되었다. 이온이 제거된 Triton X-100을 처리하여 renaturation 시킨 후에 SDS-PAGE 젤 상태에서 23 kDa과 26 kDa을 지닌 2개의 chitinase isoform을 확인하였다.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제30권9호
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• pp.2043-2050
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• 2009

2′-$\beta$-C-Methylneplanocin A (3) was synthesized via 2-$\beta$-C-methylribonolactone, prepared by a modified Whistler and BeMiller’s method developed by our laboratory, as potential anti-HCV agent. Reduction of 14 with Dibal-H afforded 26 in a good yield with a trace of 25, whereas a Luche reduction gave 26/25 = 4/1 mixture. Several attempts were made to chemoselectively remove TBS group in the presence of TBDPS group and treatment with both PPTS and TsOH showed the best result. Condensation of 26 with 6-chloropurine under Mitsunobu conditions produced an $S_N$2 product 27 along with an $S_N$2′ product 28.