• 한국세라믹학회지
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• 제39권11호
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• pp.1103-1107
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• 2002

생체재료의 일환으로 사용되고 있는 ${\beta}$-TCP(${\beta}$-Tricalcium Phosphate)를 합성하기 위하여 주원료인 칼슘을 화학약품이 아닌 천연재료인 달걀껍질을 이용하여 실험을 하였고, 이를 인산(phosphoric acid)과 혼합하여 ${\beta}$-TCP를 합성하였다. 본 연구에서는 인산의 혼합 량, 하소온도의 변화 그리고 달걀껍질의 출발물질 상태 등의 변수를 두고 실험을 실시하였다. 실험 변수에 따른 결과는 XRD 분석에 의해 결정상을 관찰하고, SEM에 의해 미세구조를 관찰하여 특성분석을 하였다. $900{\circ}$에서 하소한 달걀껍질을 인산과 함께 습식으로 볼 밀링 한 후, 이를 건조시켜 $900{\circ}$에서 1시간 동안 열처리하여 비교적 좁은 입도분포의 ${\beta}$-TCP 분말을 얻을 수 있었다. 차후 합성된 분말의 소결체를 이용하여, 생체 친화성과 뼈 속으로 대체되는 속도 등을 실험할 예정이다.

• Advanced Composite Materials
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• 제18권3호
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• pp.287-295
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• 2009

$\beta$-Tricalcium phosphate ($\beta$-TCP) particles reinforced bioresorbable plastics poly-L-lactide (PLLA) composites were prepared by injection molding. The nominal weight ratio of $\beta$-TCP was selected as 5, 10 and 15%. In order to clarify effects of the PLLA crystallinity on the mechanical properties, the specimens were heat treated isothermally. Results of differential scanning calorimetry indicated that the PLLA crystallinity increased with increasing heat treatment temperature. Bending and compressive tests were conducted on the specimen with different $\beta$-TCP contents and crystallinities. The results show that the bending and compressive moduli increased with increasing $\beta$-TCP contents and crystallinity. On the other hand, bending strength decreased with increasing $\beta$-TCP contents. Maximum bending strength was obtained at the heat treatment of $70^{\circ}C$ for 24 h, whereas compressive 0.2% proof strength increased with increasing heat treatment temperature. This difference is attributed to the difference in the microscopic damages.

• 한국정밀공학회지
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• 제31권9호
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• pp.791-797
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• 2014

Abstract Scaffold used as a carrier of the cell has been actively conducted using plenty of technology in tissue engineering. ${\beta}$-tricalcium phosphate (${\beta}$-TCP) material has shown good biocompatibility and osteoconductive ability when it was implanted as a bone graft substitute in osseous defect in human and animal studies for bone regeneration. In this study, we fabricated the blended polycaprolactone (PCL) and ${\beta}$-TCP scaffold by the polymer deposition system (PDS). The PCL/${\beta}$-TCP scaffold was fabricated at a temperature of $110^{\circ}C$, pressure of 650 kPa, and scan velocity of 100 mm/sec. The Overall geometry and size of the scaffold were fixed circle type with a diameter of 10 mm and a height of 4 mm. PCL/${\beta}$-TCP scaffold was observed by scanning electron microscopy. Cell attachment and proliferation of the scaffold containing 30 wt% ${\beta}$-TCP was superior to those containing 10 wt% and 20 wt% ${\beta}$-TCP.

• 한국세라믹학회지
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• 제50권4호
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• pp.275-279
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• 2013

The purpose of this study was to prepare calcium phosphate cement [CPC] for use in artificial bone. Nano-crystalline calcium phosphate [CaP] was precipitated at $37^{\circ}C$ using highly active $Ca(OH)_2$ in DI water and an aqueous solution of $H_3PO_4$. From the XRD measurements, the nano-CaP powder was close to apatitic TCP phase and the powders fired at $800^{\circ}C$ showed a critical ${\beta}$-TCP phase. A mixture of one mole $CaCO_3$ and two moles di-calcium phosphate was calcined at $1100^{\circ}C$ to make a reference ${\beta}$-TCP material. The nano-CaP powders were added to the normal ${\beta}$-TCP matrix and fired at $900^{\circ}C$ to make a ${\beta}$-TCP block. The sintered block showed improved mechanical strength, which was caused by the solid state interaction between nano-CaP and normal ${\beta}$-TCP.

• 한국세라믹학회지
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• 제30권11호
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• pp.905-910
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• 1993

$\alpha$-tricalcium phosphate($\alpha$-TCP) powders were synthesized and their hydration properties were investigated in Tris. solution. Two kinds of $\alpha$-TCP powder samples were prepared; the one is reaction product of CaHPO4.2H2O and CaCO3, and another is that of hydroxyapatite(HAp) and $\beta$-Ca2P2O7. They were satisfied with Ca/P mole ratio 1.5 and were heated at 150$0^{\circ}C$ for 5 hours. In the hydration of $\alpha$-TCP samples the powder which was synthesized from HAp and $\beta$-Ca2P2O7 was hydrated faster than that from CaHPO4.2H2O and CaCO3. The hydration reaction of $\alpha$-TCP powder transformed rapidly into HAp accompanying setting and hardening. It was realized that the hydration reaction of $\alpha$-TCP was due to the solution-precipitation mechanism and the hydrates from the reaction were Ca-deficient HAp having funtional group HPO42-.

• 한국재료학회지
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• 제28권3호
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• pp.142-147
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• 2018

${\beta}-Tricalcium$ phosphate (TCP) was added to $Al_2O_3$ to make a biomaterial with good mechanical properties. Using a TCP powder synthesized by a polymer complexation method, $Al_2O_3$ composites containing 30 wt% TCP were fabricated and characterized for densification, phase, microstructure, strength, and fracture toughness. With optimizing the powder preparation conditions, a high densification of 97 % was obtained by sintering at $1350^{\circ}C$ for 2 h. No reaction between the two components occurred and there was no transition to ${\alpha}-TCP$. TCP grains with a size of $2-4{\mu}m$ were well surrounded by $Al_2O_3$ grains with a size of $1{\mu}m$ or less. Strength 61(Brazilian) or 187(3-p MOR) MPa, and fracture toughness 1.7 (notched beam) or 2.5 (indentation) $MPa{\cdot}m^{1/2}$ were obtained, which are large improvements over the strength of $TCP/Al_2O_3$ composites and toughness of TCP and hydroxyapatite in previous studies.

• 한국세라믹학회지
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• 제53권6호
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• pp.670-675
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• 2016

Calcium phosphate crystallites were prepared by wet chemical method for use in artificial bone. In order to obtain ${\beta}$-tricalcium phosphate (TCP), nano-crystalline calcium phosphate (CaP) was precipitated at $37^{\circ}C$ and at $pH5.0{\pm}0.1$ under stirring using highly active $Ca(OH)_2$ in DI water and an aqueous solution of $H_3PO_4$. The precipitated nano-crystalline CaP solution was kept at $90^{\circ}C$ for the growth of CaP crystallites. Through the growing process of CaP crystallites, we were able to obtain various sizes of rectangular CaP crystallites according to the crystal growing times. Dry nano-crystalline CaP powders at $37^{\circ}C$ were mixed with dry macro-crystalline CaP crystallites and the shaped mixture sample was fired at $1150^{\circ}C$ to make a ${\beta}-TCP$ block. Several tens of nm powders were uniformly coated on the surface, which was comprised of powders of several tens of ${\mu}m$, using a vibrator. The mixing ratio between the nanometer powders and the micrometer powders greatly affected the mechanical strength of the mixture block; the most appropriate ratio of these two materials was 50 wt% to 50 wt%. The sintered block showed improved mechanical strength, which was caused by the solid state interaction between the nano-crystalline ${\beta}-TCP$ and the macro-crystalline ${\beta}-TCP$.

• 대한두개안면성형외과학회지
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• 제18권4호
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• pp.282-286
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• 2017

Beta tricalcium phosphate (${\beta}-TCP$) is one of allogenic bone substitute which is known to have interconnected pores that draws cell and nutrients for bone generation. It has been resulted in good outcomes for bone defect coverage or augmentation. However, several studies have also reported negative outcomes and associated complications including unexpected formation of cystic mass, continuous pain and secretion. We present the case of a 36-year-old man with a right cheek cystic mass who had a history of right zygomaticomaxillary (ZM) complex fracture and surgical correction with ${\beta}-TCP$ powder insertion to ZM bone defect. Excisional biopsy under local anesthesia revealed calcified mass in a sinus tract which was found to be connected to the ZM bone defect site in postoperative computed tomography image. Further excision under general anesthesia was performed to remove the sinus tract and fine granules which filled the original defect site. Pathologic report revealed bony spicules and calcification materials with chronic foreign body reaction. Postoperative complications and recurrence were not reported.

• 한국세라믹학회지
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• 제39권1호
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• pp.57-67
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• 2002

본 연구에서는 Tetracalcium Phosphate(TTCP), Dicalcium Phosphate Anhydrate(DCPA)계 골 시멘트에 $\beta$-tricalcium Phosphate (TCP)와 Precipitated Hydroxy Apatite(PHA)를 첨가하였을 때, 골시멘트의 초기 응결시간과 강도에 미치는 영향 및 in vitro test후의 표면 미세구조의 변화를 관찰하고자 하였다. 골 시멘트에 사용된 TTCP와 $\beta$-TCP는 약 3-5$mu extrm{m}$으로 합성후 분쇄하였으며, DCPA는 0.9$\mu\textrm{m}$, 그리고 PHA는 4$\mu\textrm{m}$의 평균 입경을 가졌다. 각각의 조성으로 배합된 시멘트는 Vicat건에 의한 초기응결시간 측정과 압축강도 시험을 행하였고, 의사체액내에 침적 후 침전 생성물을 x-선 회절 분석과 주사전자현미경을 이용하여 분석, 관찰 하였다. 초기 응결시간은 $\beta$-TCP나 PHA의 존재 유무와 함량의 증가에 따라 크게 좌우되지 않았으나, 분말 : 액상의 비에 영향을 받았으며, 특히 PHA가 함유되는 경우 PHA의 비표면적으로 인하여 응결에 요구되는 액상의 양은 PHA가 없는 경우에 비하여 2배 이상 되었다. $\beta$-TCP PHA의 첨가로 인해 압축강도는 낮아졌고, 이는 수화 생성물인 HAP의 생성 정도가 낮았기 때문이었다. 이는 x-선 회절 분석과 주사전자 현미경 관찰을 통하여 확인할 수 있었다. 본 연구로부터 TTCP-DCPA계 골 시멘트에 $\beta$-TCP나 PHA의 첨가는 기계적 물성과 생체 반응성 향상에 효과적이지 못하다는 것을 확인 할 수 있었다.

• 공업화학
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• 제10권3호
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• pp.394-399
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• 1999

바이오 세라믹스와 같은 의료용재료의 출발물질에 사용되는 화학시약을 대신하여 참치 뼈로부터 추출한 천연 hydroxyapatite를 이용하여 세라믹 복합체와 glass-ceramics 등을 제조하였다. 복합체의 경우 pseudowollastonite(${\alpha}-CaSiO_3$)와 $\beta$-tricalcium phosphate($\beta$-TCP)가 주 결정상으로, 그리고 glass-ceramics는 pseudowollastonite, $\beta$-TCP 및 핵형성제로 포함시킨 $CaF_2$에 의한 fluoroapatite상이 각각 관찰되었다. 복합체의 미세구조 변화 양상은 열처리 온도의 함수로 결정상의 입자 크기가 증가하는 일반적인 미세조직 구조의 형태를 나타내었고, 맛) $900^{\circ}C$로 4시간 동안 대기 상에서 제조한 glass-ceramics의 강도는 90 MPa로 나타났다.