• Korean journal of food and cookery science
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.261-265
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• 1998

The activity and characteristics of ${\alpha}$-amylase in soy milk as well as in Jeungpyun batters were determined to investigate the enzyme system related to Jeungpyun preparation. ${\alpha}$-Amylase activity was detected in soy milk as well as in Jeungpyun batters. Soy milk had ${\alpha}$-amylase activity of 0.79 units/mg protein for gelatinized starch and 0.036 units/mg protein for raw starch. ${\alpha}$-Amylase in soy milk showed maximum activities at pH 5.92∼6.87 and at 60$^{\circ}C$ for both gelatinized starch and raw starch. ${\alpha}$-Amylase activities of Jeungpyun batters containing soy milk were 25.59 units/mg protein for gelatinized starch and 1.37 units/mg protein for raw starch. Jeungpyun batters without soy milk demonstrated ${\alpha}$-amylase activities of 3.37 units/mg protein for gelatinized starch and 0.49 units/mg protein for raw starch. ${\alpha}$-Amylase of Jeungpyun batters showed an optimal activity at pH 5.25 and at 60$^{\circ}C$ for both gelatinized and raw starch. The results demonstrated that Jeungpyun batters with soy milk showed significantly higher ${\alpha}$-amylase activity than the ones without soy milk.

• The Bulletin of The Korean Astronomical Society
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• v.19
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• pp.20.1-20.1
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• 1994

• Proceedings of the PSK Conference
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• 2001.04a
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• pp.103.1-103.1
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• 2001

• Journal of the Mineralogical Society of Korea
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.116-121
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• 1993

A single crystla of zeolite $Na_{78}Rb_{28}-X$ (approximate composition) was prepared by exposing $Na_{92}-X$ at $350^{\circ}C$ to 0.1 Torr of rubidium vapor, and its structure was determined by single-crystal x-ray diffraction methods in the cubic space group, Fd3, ${\alpha}=25.045(4){\AA}$. The structure was refined to the final error indices $R_1=0.082$ and $R_2=0.084$ with 353 for which I>$3{\sigma}(I)$. Only about 28 of the 92 $Na^+$ ions per unit cell were reduced and only about 14 of the 28 $Na^0$ atoms produced were retained within the zeolite. A $Na_5{^{4+}}$ cluster is present within each sodalite cavity. It is a centered tetrahedron (like $CH_4$) with bond $length=2.80(2){\AA}$ and angle tetrahedral by symmetry, and shows the full symmetry of its site. $T_d$, at the center of the sodalite cavity. Each of the four terminal atoms of the $Na_5{^{4+}}$ cluster bond to three framework oxygens at $2.36(2){\AA}$. At the centers of some double 6-rings are sodium atoms which bridge linearly between $Na_5{^{4+}}$ clusters to form agglomerations such as short zig-zag chains $Na_5{^{4+}}$ clusters. Delocalized electrons, located primarily on the sodiums at centers of the sodalite and (likely) double-six-ring cavities, contribute to the stability of the clusters.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.31 no.10
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• pp.2961-2966
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• 2010

Reduction of carbonyl compounds such as aldehydes, ketones, $\alpha,\beta$-unsaturated enals and enones, $\alpha$-diketones and acyloins was carried out readily with $NaBH_3CN$ in the presence of wet $SiO_2$ as a neutral media. The reactions were performed at solvent-free conditions in oil bath (70 - $80^{\circ}C$) or under microwave irradiation (240 W) to give the product alcohols in high to excellent yields. Regioselective 1,2-reduction of conjugated carbonyl compounds took place in a perfect selectivity without any side product formation.

• Proceedings of the KAIS Fall Conference
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• 2009.05a
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• pp.227-230
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• 2009

목적 : 비소세포 폐암에서 HIF-$1{\alpha}$, VEGF의 발현과 예후와 관련된 여러 임상적 표지자 및 병리학적 표지자와의 상관관계를 조사하고자 하였다. 방법 : 이들의 예후인자로서의 의미를 알아보고자 외과적으로 절제한 44예의 비소세포 폐암종을 대상으로 VEGF, HIF-$1{\alpha}$에 대한 면역조직화학염색을 시행하였다. 결과 : WHO 분류에 의한 조직학적인 형태인 편평세포암종 28예, 선암종 16예의 비세포성 폐암이 이 연구에 포함되었다. 비소세포성 폐암 24예와 16예에서 VEGF 및 HIF-$1\alpha$이 발현되었다. 결론 : 이 연구에서 VEGF 발현과 병기와의 상관관계, HIF-$1{\alpha}$의 과발현과 병기 사이에서 통계적으로 유의한 상관관계를 볼 수 없었다. 또한 HIF-$1{\alpha}$의 과발현과 VEGF의 발현 사이에 통계학적으로 유의한 관련성이 없었다.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Fundamentals of Nursing
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.312-320
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• 2008

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to verify the validity and reliability of the Type D Scale-14 (DS14). Methods: The participants were 288 patients who were diagnosed with angina pectoris, myocardial infarction, and hypertension. DS14 was developed by Denollet(2005) and consists of two domains, 7 items on negative affectivity (NA) and 7 items on social inhibition (SI). The Korean version of DS14 was developed through translation-reversed translation and a preliminary test. Data were collected using a self-report questionnaire. Cronbach $\alpha$ and Guttman split-half were used to test reliability and item analysis and factor analysis for validity. The SPSS program was used. Results: 35.8% of the participants were classified as Type D. Mean score for NA was 16.80 and for SI, 14.10 in Type D participants. For reliability of NA, Cronbach $\alpha$=0.771, and for SI, 0.707. Factor analysis on 12 items(numbers 1 & 3 were excluded as the corrected item-total correlations were below r=0.3) yielded two factors for NA (6 items) and SI (6 items). Number 7 in the NA domain was sorted into the SI domain. Conclusion: The results indicate, the cultural differences were between Europeans and Koreans. Repetition of the research is needed for generalization of DS14.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.35 no.2
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• pp.131-134
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• 1991

A new method for the synthesis of butibufen, which is a non steroidal anti-iriflammatory agent, is described. Friedel-Crafts reaction of isobutylbenzene with ethyl $\alpha$-chloro-.alpha.-(methylthio) acetate (1) gives ethyl $\alpha$-methylthio-(p-isobutylphenyl)acetate (2). Ethyl 2-methylthio-2-(4-isobutylphenyl)butyrate (3) is obtained from treatment of the compound (2) with NaH and Etl. Butibufen (5) is synthesized by reductive desulfurization of the compound (3) with zinc dust-acetic acid or Raney nickel, followed by hydrolysis of the resultant ethyl 2-(4-isobutylphenyl)butyrate (4).

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.17 no.8
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• pp.1242-1248
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• 2007

Genomic analysis of a hyperthermophilic archaeon, Thermococcus onnurineus NA1 [1], revealed the presence of an open reading frame consisting of 1,377 bp similar to ${\alpha}$-amylases from Thermococcales, encoding a 458-residue polypeptide containing a putative 25-residue signal peptide. The mature form of the ${\alpha}$-amylase was cloned and the recombinant enzyme was characterized. The optimum activity of the enzyme occurred at $80^{\circ}C$ and pH 5.5. The enzyme showed a liquefying activity, hydrolyzing maltooligosaccharides, amylopectin, and starch to produce mainly maltose (G2) to maltoheptaose (G7), but not pullulan and cyclodextrin. Surprisingly, the enzyme was not highly thermostable, with half-life ($t_{1/2}$) values of 10 min at $90^{\circ}C$, despite the high similarity to ${\alpha}$-amylases from Pyrococcus. Factors affecting the thermostability were considered to enhance the thermo stability. The presence of $Ca^{2+}$ seemed to be critical, significantly changing $t_{1/2}$ at $90^{\circ}C$ to 153 min by the addition of 0.5 mM $Ca^{2+}$. On the other hand, the thermostability was not enhanced by the addition of $Zn^{2+}$ or other divalent metals, irrespective of the concentration. The mutagenetic study showed that the recovery of zinc-binding residues (His175 and Cys189) enhanced the thermo stability, indicating that the residues involved in metal binding is very critical for the thermostability.

• Proceedings of the Zoological Society Korea Conference
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• 2000.04a
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• pp.81.1-81
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• 2000

No Abstract, See Full Text