• 한국세라믹학회지
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• 제47권4호
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• pp.312-318
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• 2010

Chulwha pieces collected from Hakbong-ri site in Keryong mountain were studied whether there is reactions or not in each layer to investigate firing condition of glaze, body, Chulwha, engobe of Buncheong ware in the early Chosun Dynasty, 15th~16th Century. As a result of XRD analysis of a Chulwha piece, a main crystal phase was $\alpha$-Quartz and a second was Mullite. It was assumed the firing temperature would be around $1200^{\circ}C$ because a little amount of Mullite was formed in the body and there was no phase transition $\alpha$-Quartz to cristobalite. As a result of ICRM analysis, Chulwha and glaze didn't react and the melted glazes were sunk into the Chunwha particles. The thin layer of glaze was found on the Chulwha layer. As a result, the color of Chulwha layer always came to vivid black. Moreover, Chulwha painting didn't spread over the Buncheong ware, because Chulwha and engobe didn't react. The boundary interface of engobe and body was not clear because they had similar compositions. This shows engobe was composed of more $Al_2O_3$ than body.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• 제43권1호
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• pp.9-17
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• 2010

Objectives: Parkinson's disease is one of the most common neurodegenerative diseases in the elderly population. In order to estimate the prevalence of Parkinson's disease in the community, the application of a good screening tool is essential. We evaluated the validity and reliability of a Parkinson's disease screening questionnaire and propose an alternative measure to improve its validity for use in community surveys. Methods: We designed the study in a three-phase approach consisting of a screening questionnaire, neurologic examination, and confirmatory examination. A repeated survey was administered to patients with disease detected in the community and on 150 subjects. We examined internal consistency using Cronbach's alpha test, test-retest reliability using the kappa statistic, and validity using sensitivity, specificity, and ROC curves. Unadjusted odds ratios were utilized for the estimation of weights for each questionnaire item. Results: The Cronbach's alpha of the questionnaire was 0.708. The kappa statistic for test-retest reliability was good to generally fair in most of the items. When newly proposed weighting scores were used, the optimum cut-off value was 7/8. When cut-off value was 5/6 for surveying prevalence in a community, the sensitivity was 0.98, and the specificity was 0.61, with simultaneous improvement in reliability. Conclusions: We recommend 5/6 as the ideal cut-off value for the survey of PD prevalence in community. This questionnaire designed for the Korean community could help future epidemiologic studies of PD.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제27권9호
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• pp.1586-1592
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• 2017

Some promoters were isolated and characterized from the genome of Leuconostoc mesenteroides SY2, an isolate from kimchi, a Korean traditional fermented vegetable. Chromosomal DNA of L. mesenteroides SY2 was digested with Sau3AI and ligated with BamHI-cut pBV5030, a promoter screening vector containing a promoterless cat-86. Among E. coli transformants (TFs) resistant against Cm (chloramphenicol), 17 were able to grow in the presence of $1,000{\mu}g/ml$ Cm and their inserts were sequenced. Transcription start sites were examined for three putative promoters (P04C, P25C, and P33C) by primer extension. Four putative promoters were inserted upstream of a promoterless ${\alpha}$-amylase reporter gene in $pJY15{\alpha}$. ${\alpha}$-Amylase activities of E. coli TFs containing $pJY15{\alpha}$ (control, no promoter), $pJY03{\alpha}$ ($pJY15{\alpha}$ with P03C), $pJY04{\alpha}$ (with P04C), $pJY25{\alpha}$ (with P25C), and $pJY33{\alpha}$ (with P33C) were 66.9, 78.7, 122.1, 70.8, and 99.3 U, respectively. Cells harboring $pJY04{\alpha}$ showed 1.8 times higher activity than the control. Some promoters characterized in this study might be useful for construction of food-grade expression vectors for Leuconostoc sp. and related lactic acid bacteria.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제16권3호
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• pp.1281-1287
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• 2015

Background: Early detection of hepatocellular carcinoma using serological markers with better sensitivity and specificity than alpha fetoprotein (AFP) is needed. Aims: The aim of this study was to evaluate the diagnostic value of serum sICAM-1, ${\beta}$-catenin, IL-8, proteasome and sTNFR-II in early detection of HCC. Materials and Methods: Serum levels of IL-8, sICAM-1, sTNFR-II, proteasome and ${\beta}$-catenin were measured by ELISA assay in 479 serum samples from 192 patients with HCC, 96 patients with liver cirrhosis (LC), 96 patients with chronic hepatitis C (CHC) and 95 healthy controls. Results: Serum levels of proteasome, sICAM-1, ${\beta}$-catenin and ${\alpha}FP$ were significantly elevated in HCC group compared to other groups (P-value<0.001), where serum level of IL-8 was significantly elevated in the LC and HCC groups compared to CHC and control groups (P-value <0.001), while no significant difference was noticed in patients with HCC and LC (P-value=0.09). Serum level of sTNFR-II was significantly elevated in patients with LC compared to HCC, CHC and control groups (P-value <0.001); also it was significantly higher in HCC compared to CHC and control groups (P-value <0.001). ROC curve analysis of the studied markers between HCC and other groups revealed that the serum level of proteasome had sensitivity of 75.9% and specificity of 73.4% at a cut-off value of $0.32{\mu}g/ml$ with AUC 0.803 sICAM-1 at cut off value of 778ng/ml, the sensitivity was 75.8% and the specificity was 71.8% with AUC 0.776. ${\beta}$-catenin had sensitivity and specificity of 70% and 68.6% respectively at a cut off value of 8.75ng/ml with an AUC of 0.729. sTNFR-II showed sensitivity of 86.3% and specificity of 51.8% at a cut off value of 6239.5pg/ml with an AUC of 0.722. IL-8 had sensitivity of 70.4% and specificity of 52.3% at a cut off value of 51.5pg/ml with AUC 0.631. Conclusions: Our data supported the role of proteasome, sICAM-1, sTNFR-II and ${\beta}$-catenin in early detection of HCC. Also, using this panel of serological markers in combination with ${\alpha}FP$ may offer improved diagnostic performance over ${\alpha}FP$ alone in the early detection of HCC.

• 한국정보통신학회논문지
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• 제8권5호
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• pp.1050-1057
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• 2004

연구의 목적은 컴퓨터 도움 없이 독립으로 서보시스템의 퍼지제어를 위한 퍼지제어기 하드웨어 회로 개발이다 본 논문은 $\alpha$-레벨 퍼지집합 분해에 기초하여 DC 서보 시스템의 퍼지제어를 위해 퍼지 추론 연산의 하드웨어에 대하여 나타내었다. 퍼지추론에서 비퍼지화까지 일체적으로 퍼지추론 연산에 의해 직접 PWM 조작신호를 얻는 방법이 제안되었다. 이 방법은 아날로그 회로로 쉽게 구현할 수있다. 퍼지제어기 입출력 특성과 직류서보 전동기 퍼지제어 응답특성에서 $\alpha$-레벨 양자화 효과에 대하여 검토한 결과 양자화 수 $\alpha$=4 단계가 충분한 것을 알 수 있다. 제안한 하드웨어 방법은 실 직류 서보시스템의 적용에서 실험을 통하여 그 효과를 나타내었다.

• E2M - 전기 전자와 첨단 소재
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• 제4권3호
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• pp.249-258
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• 1991

He-Ne레이저(.lambda.=0.6328[.mu.m])를 광원으로 사용하는 y-cut LiNbO$_{3}$기판의 광 도파로 형성 과정을 빔 전송방식 메카니즘을 이용하여 광 도파로에서 광파의 전계 변화 및 전계 분포에 대하여 시뮬레이션 하였다. 그리고 Xl(55[.mu.m])* Zl(5000[.mu.m])인 LiNbO$_{3}$기판의 광 도파로 폭을 4[.mu.m], 버퍼층을 0.02[.mu.m]로 하였을때 도파로 층의 깊이가 0.2[.mu.m]인 지점에서 인가전압에 대한 x방향의 전계(E$_{x}$)와 y방향의 전계(E$_{y}$ )분포를 관찰하였다. 또한 단일 도파로의 파라미터 조건을 적용하여 X-스위치를 구성하였을때 전계를 인가하지 않은 상태에서 굴절율 변화(dn) 0.002, 도파로 폭(w) 3[.mu.m]로 하여 도파로의 교차각(.alpha.)을 0.4.deg.~0.6.deg.로 변화시킨 경우, .alpha.=0.5.deg.와 0.6.deg.일 때는 광빔이 bar측으로 출력되었고 .alpha.=0.4에서는 광빔이 cross측으로 출력 됨을 확인하였다. 따라서 위에서 확인된 도파로의 교차각 .alpha.=0.4.deg.인 경우, 전극간격(gap)이 2[.mu.m]인 조건에서 스위칭 전압을 인가하였을 때 25[V]에서 전기광학 효과에 의하여 광빔이 cross측에서 bar측으로 변조됨을 확인함으로써 X-스위치 광변조기의 기본적인 설계조건을 구현하였다.

• 한국안전학회지
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.49-54
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• 1999

In this paper. we studied cut off characteristics and fire hazard of residual current protective devices(RCD or ELB) for low voltage. The operative time of RCD with grounding resistance was analyzed by using RCD operating tester. The surface structure and composition of insulator were analyzed by using scanning electron microscope(SEM) and energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy(EDX). The surface of phenol resin showed network structure and void. The spectra shown in EDX analysis are composed not only of the corresponding elements but also of several new spectra, as CK. OK$\alpha$. MgK, SiK. and CaK, which were absent in original material.

• 반도체디스플레이기술학회지
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.70-74
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• 2017

Given two stereo images of a scene, it is possible to recover a 3D understanding of the scene. This is the primary way that the human visual system estimates depth. This process is useful in applications like robotics, where depth sensors may be expensive but a pair of cameras is relatively cheap. In this work, we combined our interests to implement a graph cut algorithm for stereo correspondence, and performed evaluation against a baseline algorithm using normalized cross correlation across a variety of metrics. Experimental trials revealed that the proposed descriptor exhibited a significant improvement, compared to the other existing methods.

• 대한본초학회지
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• 제27권1호
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• pp.51-58
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• 2012

Objectives : This study was performed to investigate effect of evodiae fructus on acute reflux esophigitis rat induced by pylorus and forestomach ligation operation. Methods : Twenty-four laboratory rats were divided four groups and each group had six rats ; normal intact group, acute reflux esophagitis (RE) control group, two experiment RE group treated extract of evodiae fructus 600 mg/kg (EEF600) and 300 mg/kg (EEF300). All rats was fasted for 18 hr but free water, we induced RE by pylorus and forestomach ligation operation. Intact group and RE control group rats were orally administered a distilled water and two experiment groups were orally administed with EEF 600 mg/5ml/kg and 300 mg/5ml/kg. One hour after, rats were anesthetized, intact group was cut the abdomen open and sutured with 2.0 silk thread. RE control group and EEF group were cut the abdomen open, ligated pyloric canal and forestomach with 2.0 silk thread and sutured. Six hour after the operation, rats were sacrified, collected bloods in the abdominal vein, disectted a esophagus and stomach. The stomach was washed a 1 ml PBS and the esophagus was cut longitudinally and pictured a innter mucosa area to research damages in esophagus. Results : The esophagic tissue damage percentage of reflux esophagitis rat was increased compared to that of normal intact group. But esophagic damage percentage of EEF 600 were significantly decreased compared to that of RE control group. But there was no difference on gastric juice pH between control RE, alpha-tocopherol administration rat group and EEF administration rat group. In esophagus of RE control rat, gastric damage occurred severely and injury percentage of mucosa were increased, but EEF 600 mucous inflammatory damage percentage was significantly compared to that of RE control group. Proinflammatory cytokines such as TNF-alpha, IL-1beta and IL-6 in serum on RE control group were markedly grew than those of intact rat, those of vechicle group treated with EEF 600 and EEF 300 were remarkably decreased compared to production of proinflammatory cytokine of RE control group. In microscopic observation, intact group rat had no hyperemia, mucous injury and exclusion, ulcer and edema. But it could showed mucosa damages, submucosa edema and ulcer in RE control. However, administration of EEF 600 and EEF 300 made esophagus have less inflammation and injury by gastric acid. Conclusions : The results suggest that antiinflammatory Effect of EEF could attenuate the severity of reflux esophagitis and prevent the esophageal mucosal damage, and validate its therapeutic use in esophageal reflux disease.

• 제어로봇시스템학회:학술대회논문집
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• 제어로봇시스템학회 1996년도 Proceedings of the Korea Automatic Control Conference, 11th (KACC); Pohang, Korea; 24-26 Oct. 1996
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• pp.28-31
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• 1996

A bag is a set-like entity which can contain repeated elements. Fuzzy bags have been studied by Yager, who defined their basic relations and operations. However, his definitions of the basic relations and operations are inconsistent with the corresponding relations and operations for ordinary fuzzy sets. The present paper presents new basic relations and operations of fuzzy bags using a grade sequence for each element of the universal set. Moreover the .alpha.-cut, t-norms, the extension principle, and the composition of fuzzy bag relations are described.