• 대한한방부인과학회지
• /
• 제27권1호
• /
• pp.81-100
• /
• 2014

Objectives: The object of this study was to observe the in vitro anti-bacterial and anti-inflammatory effects of six single aqueous herbal extracts-Quisqualis Fructus (QuF), Meliae Cortex (MeC), Arecae Semen (ArS), Crassirhizomae Rhizoma (CrR), Ulmi Pasta Semen(UlS), Torreyae Semen(ToS)- against Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) and Lipopolysaccharide(LPS)-activated Raw 264.7 cells. Methods: Anti-bacterial activities against S. aureus of aqueous extracts of QuF, MeC, ArS, CrR, UlS and ToS were detected using standard agar microdilution methods. In addition, the effects on the cell viability, prostaglandin $E_2$ ($PGE_2$), nitric oxide (NO), tumor necrosis factor-${\alpha}$ (TNF-${\alpha}$), interleukin (IL)-$1{\beta}$ and IL-6 productions of LPS activated Raw 264.7 cells were detected. The anti-bacterial and anti-inflammatory effects were respectively compared with lincomycin and piroxicam. Results: Minimal Inhibition Concentration (MIC) of aqueous extracts of QuF, MeC, ArS, CrR, UlS and ToS against S. aureus was respectively detected $5.625{\pm}4.075$ (3.125~12.500), $0.332{\pm}0.273$ (0.098~0.782), $1.094{\pm}0.428$ (0.782~1.563), $2.969{\pm}2.096$ (0.782~6.250), $9.375{\pm}4.419$ (3.125~12.500)>25 mg/ml. MIC of lincomycin was detected as $0.469{\pm}0.297$ (0.195~0.782) ${\mu}g/ml$ at same conditions. In addition, $ED_{50}$ against LPS-induced cell viabilities and cytokine releases of QuF, MeC, ArS, CrR, UlS and ToS was as follows - Cell viability: 66.370, 2.908, 1.747, 259.553, 18.150 and 34.160 mg/ml; NO production: 389.486, 0.294, 0.138, 523.060, 45.363 and 49.327 mg/ml; $PGE_2$ production: 114.271, 0.223, 0.046, 243.078, 8.829 and 28.947 mg/ml; TNF-${\alpha}$ production: 406.288, 0.343, 0.123, 9404.227, 125.406 and 140.775 mg/ml; IL-$1{\beta}$ production: 117.178, 0.135, 0.019, 237.451, 7.923 and 19.418 mg/ml; IL-6 production: 31.261, 0.105, 0.055, 128.434, 2.290 and 3.745 mg/ml. ED50 of piroxicam against LPS-induced cell viabilities, NO, $PGE_2$, TNF-${\alpha}$, IL-$1{\beta}$ and IL-6 were detected as 35.179, 6.552, 1.162, 7.273, 7.101 and $5.044{\mu}g/ml$, respectively at same conditions. Conclusions: All six single aqueous herbal extracts showed anti-bacterial effects against S. aureus, in the order of MeC, ArS, CrR, QuF and UlS aqueous extracts except for ToS; they did not showed any anti-bacterial effects (MIC>25 mg/ml). They also showed anti-inflammatory effects against LPS-activated Raw 264.7 cells in the order of ArS, MeC, UlS, ToS, QuF and CrR aqueous extracts. It means that the ArS and MeC will be showed favorable potent anti-bacterial and related anti-inflammatory effects.

• 자원리싸이클링
• /
• 제2권2호
• /
• pp.27-38
• /
• 1993

본 연구에서는 제철소에서 발생하는 전로 dust를 사용하여 심강법(분급)에 의한 철산화물을 분리하여 고순도의 철분말을 회수하였으며, 아래와 같은 결론을 얻었다. 가. 전로 dust의 물성 1) 재항의 1제강, 2제강 C/F(Clarifier) dust, 광장의 E/C(Evaporation coolar), dust, 중국강철공사(C.S.C) OM(Clarifier underflow) dust 금철분이 63~72%로 높고, Metal Fe 가 21~50% 함유되어 있으며, 기타 산화물로는 CaO, MgO, Al$_{2}O_{3}$, SiO$_{2}$ 등이 있다. 2) 재항의 1제강, 2제강 C/F dust, 광양의 E/C, E/P dust, 중국강철공사(C.S.C), OM(clarifier underflow) dust 입자의 형상은 청입이 주로 구형으로 응고된 모양이었으며, 일반적으로는 출립의 외각부는 magnetite, hematite 등으로 산화가 진해되어 있다. 3) 전로 dust 들에 대한 X-ray 회절분석결과, 재항의 1제강, 2제강, C/F dust, 광양의 E/C, E/P dust는 ${\alpha}$-Fe, FeO(wusute)가 중성분으로 존재하며 그 밖에 FE$_{3}O_{4}$9magnetite), Fe$_{2}O_{3}$ CaO가 소량으로 존재하고 있었으며, 중국강철공사(C.S.D) OM(underflow) dust는 ${\alpha}$-Fe, ${\alpha}Fe_{2}O_{3}$, graphite가 주성분으로 존재하며, 그 밖에 $Fe_{3}O_{4}$, Fe$_{2}O_{3}$, ZnO이 소량으로 존재하고 있었다. 4) 순수한 순철분말과 전로 dust를 구성하고 있는 순철은 마광에 따른 입자의 분쇄보다는 마광시 구형의 입자가 소성변형으로 인해 flake형상으로 변하여 체질입도분석시 입도의 증가를 초래하였으며, 반면 철산화물은 마광에 따른 입자의 미세화가 발생함을 볼 수 있었다. 나. 철분구 외수 실험 1) 광양의 dust를 40분간 마광하여 심강(분급)실험을 행했을 때 Fe 99.17% 품위 철분말을 37.8% 회수할 수 있었다. 2) 재항의 C/F dust를 40분간 마광하여 심강(분급)실험을 행했을 때 Fe 98.38% 품위의 철분말을 44.42% 회수할 수 있었다. 3) 70 gauss 자석을 사용하여 자력선별을 행했을 때 +65-200 mesh 사이에서 Fe 품위 98% 이상의 철분말을 회수 할 수 있으나 회수율(14%)이 낮다.

• 소성∙가공
• /
• 제10권4호
• /
• pp.347-354
• /
• 2001

Compression tests were carried out to investigate the hot-deformation behavior of Ti-6Al-4V alloy in the temperature range of $915^{\circ}C$ to $1015^{\circ}C$ and the strain rate range of $10^{-3}s^{-i}$ to $10s^{-1}$. Under the given test conditions, the hot-deformation of Ti-6Al-4V alloy was mainly led by dynamic recovery rather than by dynamic recrystallization. The activation energy for the plastic deformation in $\alpha+\beta$ field was about 894 kJ/mol and $\beta$ field was 332kJ/mo1. Processing map for hot working are developed on the basis of the variations of efficiency of power dissipation($\eta$=2m/m＋1) and flow instability criterion using the dynamic material model. The optimum process condition in the ($\alpha＋\beta$) field was obtained at the temperature ranges of $930^{\circ}C$ to $955^{\circ}C$$^{\circ}C$ and a strain rate of $10^{-3}s{-1}$.

• 한국식품과학회지
• /
• 제50권6호
• /
• pp.688-696
• /
• 2018

본 연구에서는 홍삼 사포닌 분획(SF)으로부터 진세노사이드의 조성을 분석하고 지방세포의 분화 및 지방축적에 대한 효과를 측정하였다. SF는 지방분화인자인 $PPAR{\gamma}$, $C/EBP{\alpha}$의 단백질 양을 억제함으로써 지방분화 동안 효과적으로 지방축적을 억제하였으며 주로 지방분화 초기시점부터 지방분화 초기인자인 $C/EBP{\beta}$, KLF2의 조절작용을 통해 지방축적을 억제하는 것으로 관찰되었다. SF는 또한 지방분화 동안 생성되는 ROS의 생성을 효과적으로 억제하였는데 이는 SF가 산화방지 시스템인 Nrf2/Keap1 경로를 활성화하기 때문으로 판단되며 특히 Nrf2의 핵 내로의 진입을 활성화 함으로써 Nrf2의 타겟 산화방지 분자들인 HO-1, NQO1의 발현을 촉진하였다. 이는 지방분화 동안 SF의 지방축적 억제 효과가 Nrf2의 활성화와 밀접하게 관련이 있음을 보여준다.

• 한국균학회지
• /
• 제11권1호
• /
• pp.15-21
• /
• 1983

정제된 Aspergillus ustus의 dextranase 특성을 조사하기 위하여 최적 pH 최적온도 및 열 안정성 금속이온의 영향 및 분해산물을 조사하였다. 기질로는 dextran을 사용했다. 조사결과 dextranase의 활성 최적 pH는 6.5였으며, 작용 최적온도는 $40^{\circ}C$이고, $30^{\circ}C{\sim}35^{\circ}C$에서 비교적 분해능이 좋았고, 열 안전성은 $50^{\circ}C$에서 1시간 처리한 경우 약 91%의 잔존역가를 나타내고, $70^{\circ}C$에서는 약 38%의 잔존역가를 나타내 $50^{\circ}C$까지는 안정한 것으로 나타났다. 금속이온 등의 영향은 cysteine, ascorbic acid와 EDTA에서 상승작용을 나타내고, $Cu^{2+},\;KCN,\;Co^{2+}$에서는 약한 저해 작용을 나타내고, $Hg^{2+}는 완전히 저해되었다. 덱스트란을 분해시킨 분해산물은 glucose와 isomaltotriose및 그 이상의 분자량을 가지는 oligosaccharide로 구성되어 있고, 치아부착 다당류에 대한 분해도 덱스트란과 유사하였다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
• /
• 제20권3호
• /
• pp.432-439
• /
• 2007

Thiazolidinediones (TZDs) act as potent activators of the adipose differentiation program in established preadipose cell lines. TZD's have also been investigated in diabetic patients and reported to act as PPAR-${\gamma}$ ligands. In this report, the effects of TZDs on the differentiation pathway of myoblasts have been investigated. C2C12 mouse myoblasts were grown in Dulbecco's Modified Eagles medium for 4-5 days until they reached almost 100% confluency. Post-confluent cells (day 0) were further exposed to adipogenic induction medium along with TZDs for 48 hours. Thereafter, cells were exposed only to TZDs every 48 h until day 10. The control was provided with differentiation medium without any treatment. Alterations in the cells during the differentiation programme were analyzed on the basis of fusion index, oil-red-o staining, adipocyte index, adipocyte stain uptake measurement, immuno-histochemistry and western blotting. Exposure of C2C12 mouse myoblasts to TZDs prevented the expression of myosin heavy chain with parallel increase in the expression of C/EBP-${\alpha}$ and PPAR-${\gamma}$ and acquisition of adipocyte morphology, thus abolishing the formation of multinucleated myotubes. TZDs exert their adipogenic effects only in non-terminally differentiated myoblasts; myotubes were insensitive to the compound. Continuous exposure (at least 4-5 doses) to inducers after the growth arrest was essential to provide a sustained environment to the cells converting to fully matured adipoctyes. The results indicate that TZDs specifically converted the differentiation pathway of myoblasts into that of adipoblasts.

• 열처리공학회지
• /
• 제10권2호
• /
• pp.121-127
• /
• 1997

In order to elucidate thermal stability of Fe-$Fe_2Ti$ eutectic structure, the initial several structures have been investigated in the changes of coarsening and spheroidization during prolonged annealing under the eutectic temperature. The results are as follows: 1) The rate constant of coarsening and spheroidization was formulated as $S^{-n}-S_0^{-n}=k{\cdot}t$, where S is the total area of the interface between ${\alpha}$ and C($Fe_2Ti$) per unit volume, $S_0$ is initial value and k is the rate constant. 2) The coarsening and spheroidization mechanism was described by Ostwald ripening and controlled by diffusion of Ti-atom in ${\alpha}$-phase. 3) The spheroidization rate constant in eutectic lamellar structures was depended upon annealing temperature and showed the Arrhenius relation. The activation energy for spheroidization of lamellar structure was 365 kJ/mole.

• 한국결정성장학회지
• /
• 제4권4호
• /
• pp.336-346
• /
• 1994

용융 silicon과 carbon 입자가 어떠한 반응관계를 나타내는가를 알아보기 위하여 sili-con만으로 된 powder와 silicon에 carbon을 0.2wt%의 비율로 혼합한 powder와 silicon에 carbon을 0.2wt%의 비율로 혼합한 powder를 silicon의 용융점 이사의 고온인 $1450^{\circ}C, 1550^{\circ}C, 1650^{\circ}C, 1700^{\circ}C$에서 각각 1시간, 4시간을 유지시킨 다음 quenching시켜 각각의 조건에 따른 반응의 정도 및 상의 분포와 morphology의 분석을 통해 melt sili-con의 morphology 변화,carbon이 함유된 silicon의 조건에 따른 물성변화 및 SiC의 형성여부를 조사하기 위하여 광학현미경과 SEM, XRD등을 이용하여 시편의 미세구조 및 결정화 양상을 관찰하였다. 용융점 이상의 온도에서 quartz는 연화하여 분해반응을 일으켜 산소를 내놓고 이것이 silicon과 결합하여 SiO로써 기체상태로 휘발하게 되어 silicon melt에 산소침투로 인항 표면결함을 형성하며, liquid silicon속에 용융되어 있던 carbonrhk 불순물로써 grain boundary를 따라 존재 하고 있는 미반응의 carbon이 용융상태 silicon과 반응하여 SiC를 형성한다. SiC 결정은 고화계 면에서 발생하게 되며 생성되는 결정은 ${\alpha}-SiC$이었다.

• 한국세라믹학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국세라믹학회 2002년도 추계총회 및 연구발표회 초록집
• /
• pp.127.2-127
• /
• 2002

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
• /
• 제31권8호
• /
• pp.2247-2254
• /
• 2010

The surface structures of copper phthalocyanine (CuPc) thin films deposited on sulphur-passivated and plane perylene-3,4,9,10-tetracarboxylic dianhydride (PTCDA)-covered InAs(100) surfaces have been studied by low energy electron diffraction (LEED) and van der Waals (vdW) intermolecular interaction energy calculations. The annealing to $300^{\circ}C$ and $450^{\circ}C$ of $(NH_4)_2S_x$-treated InAs(100) substrates produces a ($1{\times}1$) and ($2{\times}1$) S-passivated surface respectively. The CuPc deposition onto the PTCDA-covered InAs(100) surface leads to a ring-like diffraction pattern, indicating that the 2D ordered overlayer exists and the structure is dominantly determined by the intermolecular interactions rather than substrate-molecule interactions. However, no ordered LEED patterns were observed for the CuPc on S-passivated InAs(100) surface. The intermolecular interaction energy calculations have been carried out to rationalise this structural difference. In the case of CuPc unit cells on PTCDA layer, the planar layered CuPc structure is more stable than the $\alpha$-herringbone structure, consistent with the experimental LEED results. For CuPc unit cells on a S-($1{\times}1$) layer, however, the $\alpha$-herringbone structure is more stable than the planar layered structure, consistent with the absence of diffraction pattern. The results show that the lattice structure during the initial stages of thin film growth is influenced strongly by the intermolecular interactions at the interface.