• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• v.49 no.5
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• pp.664-668
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• 2011

Spherical alumina precursors represented by $AlO_xCl_y(OH)_z$, 30~200 nm in particle diameter, were prepared by partial hydrolysis of $AlCl_3$ vapor in a 500 ml reactor. Investigated on the particle morphology and size were the effects of the reaction time, the stirring speed and the reaction temperature. The particle morphology and size was insensitive to the reaction time in the range 20 to 300 s. The variation of the stirring speed from 0 to 300 and 800 rpm showed that the particle size was the largest at 0 rpm. As the temperature was varied from 180 to 190, 200, $140^{\circ}C$, the particle size showed a maximum at $190^{\circ}C$. By calcination of the as-produced particles at $1,200^{\circ}C$ for 6h with a heating rate of $10^{\circ}C$/min, ${\alpha}$-alumina particles 45 nm in surface area equivalent diameter were obtained. The particle shape after calcination turned wormlike due to sintering between neighboring particles. A rapid calcination at $1400^{\circ}C$ for 0.5 h with a higher heating rate of $50^{\circ}C$/min reduced the sintering considerably. An addition of $SiCl_4$ or TMCTS(2,4,6,8-tetramethylcyclosiloxane) to the $AlCl_3$ reduced the sintering effectively in the calcination step; however, peaks of ${\gamma}$ or mullite phase appeared. An addition of $AlF_3$ to the particles obtained from the hydrolysis resulted in a hexagonal disc shaped alumina particles.

• Journal of the Korean Ceramic Society
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• v.39 no.10
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• pp.1007-1010
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• 2002

Alpha alumina platelet particles were synthesized from the powder mixture of ${\gamma}-Al_2O_3and\;Na_2SO_4$ with the use of microwave heating. The characteristics of the particles such as particle size and particle size distribution were compared with those of particles obtained from the same mixture without the use of microwave. Sample with the use of microwave showed small particle size and narrow particle size distribution compared to that without the use of microwave.

• Journal of the Korean Ceramic Society
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.482-488
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• 1995

The phase transformation temperature from $\theta$- to $\alpha$-alumina was lowered from 1214$^{\circ}C$ to 114$0^{\circ}C$ in DSC by treating ${\gamma}$-alumina obtained by calcination of boehmite at $700^{\circ}C$ for 2hrswith $\alpha$-Al2O3 seeds (d50=0.36${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$) and 3wt% of the alumina sol. $\alpha$-Al2O3 seeds seemed to lower to the transformation temperature and the alumina sol suppressed the high temperature agglormeration. The effect was increased as the amount of the sol was increased, which was supported by TEM and particle size distribution. For an example, spherical ${\gamma}$-alumina powder with d50=0.54${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$ was prepared by treating the ${\gamma}$-alumina with 9 wt% of the alumina sol and 3wt% of the $\alpha$-Al2O3. It sintered to 99% of the theoretical density at 150$0^{\circ}C$ for 2hrs. and it had relatively homogeneous microstructure with 2~3${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$ sized grains.

• Journal of the Korean Crystal Growth and Crystal Technology
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.138-144
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• 1998

$\alpha$-$Fe_2O_3$ fine powders with the sizes smaller than 0.5 $\mu \textrm{m}$ were prepared by the solvolysis and condensation reaction using iron(III) nitrate and ethanol as starting materials. The variation of pH and the change of FT-IR absorption peak were observed to study the reaction mechanism of iron(III) nitrate solution. In addition, the decomposition mechanism of the precipitated gel was investigated by differential scanning calorimeter, X-ray diffractometer and FT-IR spectrometer. Scanning electron microscope and BET method were performed to analyze the effects of Iron (III) nitrate concentration and reaction temperature on the particle size of $\alpha$-$Fe_2O_3$ powders.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers Conference
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• 2000.07a
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• pp.499-502
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• 2000

In this study, $\alpha$-Fe$_2$O$_3$thin films were deposited on $Al_2$O$_3$substrate by RF magnetron sputtering method from a $\alpha$-Fe$_2$O$_3$target(99.9%). The sputtering atmosphere was Ar and 80%Ar:20%O$_2$mixture in a total gas pressure of 1~3mTorr. As-deposited $\alpha$-Fe$_2$O$_3$thin films were heated to 300, 400, 500, $600^{\circ}C$ for 5hr in oxygen atmosphere. The structure and the morphology of $\alpha$-Fe$_2$O$_3$thin films were examined by scanning Electron microscopy(SEM) and the crystal structure was analyzed by X-Ray Diffractometer(XRD). The microstructure of the annealed $\alpha$-Fe$_2$O$_3$films exhibits rather gross particle and the grain size was less than 100nm. Since the grain size was very small, the gas sensitivity was expected to be improved.

• Journal of the Korean Magnetics Society
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• v.14 no.5
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• pp.169-173
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• 2004

We have synthesized monodispersed $\alpha$-F $e_2$ $O_3$ nano particles to investigate the spin change during the Morin transition temperature( $T_{M}$). The particle size was founded to have a very uniform distribution of 80 nm by x-ray diffraction and size dispersion analyzer. The Mossbauer spectra between the 4.2 K and the room temperature show that $T_{M}$ was shifted and the spin states of Fe ion were changed with the particle size. The Morin transition temperature of bulk usually quoted in literature is 265 K but, it decreases with the size and no transition was found at the critical size down to 4.2K. The spin direction of 80 nm sized particles are normal to the hexagonal c-axis above the $T_{M}$ and are tilted about 28～29$^{\circ}$ below $T_{M}$, which is the [110] direction of rombohedral structure.

• Proceedings of the Korea Association of Crystal Growth Conference
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• 1998.09a
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• pp.65-70
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• 1998

Fine powders of $\alpha$-Fe2O3 were prepared by precipitation method using iron (III) nitrate in ethanol solvent and the thick film using this powder was made by the screen printing technology. Effects of the reaction temperature and concentration of the iron (III) nitrate on the particle size and specific surface area were studied. Also, the relationship between the powder size and properties of the thick film was discussed.

• Journal of the Korean Ceramic Society
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• v.39 no.5
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• pp.473-478
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• 2002

${\alpha}-Al_2O_3$ platelets were synthesized by microwave heating the two different powder mixtures of $Al_2(SO_4)_3+2Na_2SO_4$ and ${\gamma}-Al_2O_3+2Na_2SO_4$ using flux method. DTA-TG, XRD and SEM were used to investigate the effect of microwave on the formation of ${\alpha}-Al_2O_3$ platelets. In the case of the mixture of $Al_2(SO_4)_3+2Na_2SO_4$, the microwave heated sample was ${\alpha}-Al_2O_3$ platelets composed of aggregates with smaller particle size compared to the conventionally heated sample. In the case of the mixture of ${\gamma}-Al_2O_3+2Na_2SO_4$, the temperature to form ${\alpha}-Al_2O_3$ platelets by the microwave heating was lower than that by the conventional heating and the morphology of the microwave heated sample was similar to that of the conventionally heated sample except that the microwave heated sample had smaller particle size compared to the conventionally heated sample.

• Molecules and Cells
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• v.41 no.4
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• pp.271-281
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• 2018

IFIT1 (also known as ISG56) is a member of the interferon-inducible protein with tetratricopeptide repeats (IFITs) family. IFITs are strongly induced by type I interferon (IFN), double-stranded RNA and virus infection. Here, we investigated IFIT1 expression in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) and in human bronchus epithelial cells (BEAS-2Bs) induced by the H9N2 virus and inactivated viral particle at different time points. We also investigated the effect of H9N2 virus and viral particle infection on $IFN-{\alpha}/{\beta}$ production, and assessed whether hemagglutinin or neuraminidase protein induced IFIT1 expression. Results showed that both H9N2 virus infection and viral particle inoculation induced the expression of IFIT1 at mRNA and protein levels in the two cell lines. Hemagglutinin or neuraminidase protein binding alone is not sufficient to induce IFIT1 expression. Surprisingly, the expression patterns of IFIT1 in response to H9N2 virus and viral particles in the two cell lines were opposite, and production kinetics of $IFN-{\alpha}/{\beta}$ also differed. An additional finding was that induction of IFIT1 in response to H9N2 virus infection or viral particle inoculation was more sensitive in HUVECs than in BEAS-2Bs. Our data offers new insight into the innate immune response of endothelial cells to H9N2 virus infection.

• Journal of Radiopharmaceuticals and Molecular Probes
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.135-144
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• 2019

Targeted alpha therapy (TAT) based on metallic radionuclides has attracted a lot of attention lately due to its impressive therapeutic efficacy displayed in couple of clinical studies for cancer. Representative metallic radionuclides emitting alpha-particle include 225Ac, 213Bi, and 227Th, and there have been variety of TAT formulations based on different targeting moiety and chelating agents. In this review, we introduce strategies to label metallic radioisotopes with biomolecules and look at some of recent preclinical and clinical results of TAT for cancer.