• Korean Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• v.34 no.3 s.95
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• pp.199-205
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• 2001

This study was investigated to the assessment of organic pollution using attached diatom assemblages in the Shinchon stream on April, June, September and December 1999. Diatoms were identified total 74 taxa which composed of 68 species, 4 varieties and 2 unidentified species. The Centrales were 5 taxa and Pennales were 69 taxa. Dominant species were Navicula subminuscula, Navicula saprophila and Nitzschia palea which were saprophilous taxa to organic pollution. N. palea was dominant species at st. $1{\sim}3$ on April, June and September and N. subminuscula was recorded as dominant species at st. 4 on June, September and December. N. saprophila was dominated only at station 4 on April. DAIpo values were ranged $0.4{\sim}15.3$ at all stations from April to December and the water qualities were polysaprobic states except to ${\alpha}-mesosaprobic$ state at st. 1 on June. If Navicula sp. was identified as saprophilous taxa, DAIpo value of this station will be 3.5 and water quality of the station will be polysaprobic state. This stream was assessed the water qualities of polysaprobic states.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Biology
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.242-245
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• 2004

This study was conducted to assess water quality of Dae stream in Busan using the periphyton. Species of the higher rank 10% in standing crops were Cymbella ventricosa, Aulacoseira granulata, Gomphonema olivaceum, Synedra ulna through the study. In addition, Fragilaria intermedia ill the station 1 and 2, and Nitzschia palea in the station 3 and 4 dominated the periphyton community respectively. These species mainly appeared in the urban stream. Where input of pollutant is forecasted, standing crops of dominant species are investigated very highly. Also, standing crops of Nitzschia palea were higher in the pollution area such as polysaprobic than any other area. Water quality by the saprobic index were oligosaprobic in the station 1, $\beta$-mesosaprobic in the station 2 and 3, and $\alpha$- mesosaprobic in the station 4. These results suggests that the pollution of Dae stream gradually increased with downstream due perhaps to the loading of sewage from the new residental complex.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Biology
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.159-168
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• 1999

The ophemeropterans such as Epeorus pellucidus, Uracanthella rufa and Drunella uculea were dominated in station 1. It was generally showed the stable aquatic communities with low dominance index values throughout the year in station 2. The first dominant species in station 3 were all mayflies with the average DI value of 0.38. The first dominant species of Uracanthella rufa known as relatively tolerant species in station 4. A crustacean species Gammarus spp. have frequently occurred as the 1st or 2nd dominant species in station 5. Limnodrilus socialis, and Chironomus spp. were dominated in stations 6 and 7 Station 1, 2 and 3 were classified as oligosaprobic status according to their average diversity index values ranging from 3.46 to 3.52. Station 7 showed $\alpha$-mesosaprobic water condition with the overall average diversity value of 1.26. In general, the equitability and species richness values in the same sampling areas had close relations with their diversity values. The dendrogram drawn by dissimilarity values among 7 sampling sites indicates that the macrobenthic communities were divided into 3 groups： stations 1, 2, 3 and 4； stations 6 and 7； and station 5 alone.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.29 no.5
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• pp.580-587
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• 2019

Benthic macroinvertebrates were analyzed in March, June, September, and December 2018 to evaluate water quality in the Songji River in Sacheon-ci, Korea. The identified benthic macroinvertebrates included 447 individuals belonging to 20 species, 18 families, 12 orders, 5 classes, and 3 phyla. Various ecological parameters were estimated for evaluation of the river status. The total ecological score of benthic macroinvertebrate community (TESB) varied from 17 (Station D) to 41 (Station A). The saprobic index and ecological score of benthic macroinvertebrate community (ESB) for the evaluation of river status revealed a water quality evaluation at Station A of II (oligosaprobic), indicating some satisfactory water protection. The benthic macroinvertebrate index (BMI) varied from 25.207 (Site C) to 39.348 (Station A). The evaluation of the river status at Stations C and D was polysaprobic, and sensitive taxa were absent. The mean Shannon-Weaver index (H') of diversity varied from 1.288 (Station D) to 2.250 (Station A). The classification of saprobity based on H' was ${\beta}$-mesosaprobic at Station A and ${\alpha}$-mesosaprobic at the other stations. The value of geometric density was varied from 1.229 (Station A) to 2.071 (Station D), with a mean of 1.582. An artificial load is being added to this river. One of load is the rectal river construction which flows straight through the river physics. Thus, the environment of living organisms deteriorates due to insufficient water. In order to secure the quality of the Songji River and a good environmental habitat, several low-height stepped-beam structures are required.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.7-18
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• 1999

Fauna and biological water quality using benthic macroinvertebrates were analysed and estimated macroinvertebrates. Samples were collected 5 times from the 7 sites in the river between April and December 1997, and the results are summarized as follows. The taxa of benthic macroinvertebrates was totally composed 81 species, 45 genus, 37 families, 15 orders, 8 classes in 3 phyla. Among them, aquatic insects were mostly abundant as 65 species, and also, there were a species of oligochaetes, 2 species of hirundinida, 6 species of gastropods, 5 species of polecypoda, and 2 species of crustaceans. Average individual numbers in the whole sampling sites was 815 per square meter, and insects were abundant (Approx. 80%). Among the insects, the major taxa were respectively ephemeroptera (Approx. 70%) and trichoptera (Approx. 18%). According to the average individual numbers in each site, Chung-do stream (site 1) showed the highest appearance rate as 262 individual/ $m^3$ (32.2%), and the lowest value was at the end of Miryang River (site 7) as 38 individual / $m^3$(4.7%). The dominant species among the whole samples was Ecdyomurus levis Navas, and dominance indices was 0.3. In each site, Ecdyomurus levis Navas was dominant species from site 1 to site 5, and dominant species at site 6 and 7 was respectively Hirudinidae sp. 1. Species diversity index in total average of samples was 2.66. Average of species diversity index according to each study site was the highest value at site 4 (H'=3.47), and site 2, 1, 3, 5, 6, and 7 in that order. According to the water quality as biotic indices, GPI value was 1.49 in total average of Miryang river, and the pollution indices evaluated secondary water quality criteria as $\beta$-mesosaprobics. In each site, the best water quality was at site 3, and it revealed the first water quality criteria as Oligosaprobic. It was then site 1, 2, 4 and 5 in the order of water quality, and was evaluated secondary water quality criteria as $\beta$-mesosaprobics, respectively. Site 6 was also revealed the third water quality criteria as $\beta$-mesosaprobics. The worst water quality was at site 7, which revealed the third water quality criteria as a-mesosaprobics.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.39-50
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• 2006

In this study, the water quality investigated during 2002s to 2004s for Anyang river and its affluent that was based on biological and chemical methods as well as ecological index of each streams. The improving of water quality and the multiplicity of specious in the most streams except for Anyang, which was due to the improving of water quality and water resource. The seasonal dry states are completely disappeared, but water quality of Anyang main stream was classified as fifth grades water with BIP 8.51~10.00 and BOD 8.16~14.4mg/l in Anyang stream overall. And alpha-mesosaprobic in upper, mid parts and polysaprobic in down parts of Anyang main stream are appeared according to Saprobien system, respectively. The water supply of treated sewage is appeared that upgrading effects of water quality in Anyang main stream and affluents of Anyang city area, but the practical effects of "Saving Anyang River" could not gained because the water quality of other branches in upstream parts than upstream measuring point of Anyang main stream, Wanggok stream Sanbon stream in Gunpo and Eeiwang cities, was not improved.

• Korean Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• v.44 no.2
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• pp.155-171
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• 2011

The research assessed water quality using physico-chemical factors, trophic status index and attached diatom index in 10 reservoirs located in Chungcheongnam-do from October 2007 to June 2008. The physico-chemical water quality assessments revealed that Dangjin-gun (St. 1~5), which displayed a high chemical oxygen demand (V and VI) and chlorophyll-${\alpha}$ (Eutrophic-Hypereutrophic), was more polluted than Yesan and Cheongyang-gun. The sample were also hypereutrophic [trophic status index (TSI) 74.6] and ${\beta}$-mesosaprobic [diatom assemblage index to the organic water pollution (DAIpo) 44.47]. Yesan and Cheongyang-gun. Which were mid-level in their pollution status, were eutrophic (TSI 56.9) and ${\alpha}$-oligosaprobic (DAIpo 60.11). TSI correlated strongly with the attached diatom index (of DAIpo 0.60~0.62, and trophic diatom index of 0.72~0.74). Hence, the attached diatom index can be used with the trophic status assessment of lakes using TSI, and lake trophic status index (LTSI).

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.7 no.4
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• pp.52-60
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• 2004

In order to analysis of the water pollution of the Anyang stream(one of the biggest branch streams of the Han River) and its main tributaries, the geological and topographical and rainfall features in its basin were investigated. To do this, the water samples were collected 23 points of the upper, mid and down of Anyang stream and its tributaries and were analyzed based on the chemical methods, Korean Biotic Index(KBI) and Saprobien systems. The Anyang stream basin has a characteristic of topographical torrential heavy rainfall like a typical rainfall feature in Korea. The concentration and the outflow rate of rainfall is very different in seasonal, and water pollution in dry season is especially severe. After 1997, although the water quality status of stream has been improved gradually, the concentration of T-N and SS at the upstream is increased due to the deficiency of facility used for collecting wastewater released from industrial factories, livestock farms and residential areas. The mainstream of the Anyang stream is classified into the 5th grade water as polysaprobic water area according to Saprobien system and the biotic index is over 2.5 in overall. Most of tributaries have 1~3 grade water limit with ${\alpha}$- and ${\beta}$-mesosaprobic except the upper and mid streams of Samsung tributary, in which pollution status is the lowest part. Though Sambong tributary is ${\alpha}$-mesosaproboic, biotic index is low because of the appearance of abundant benthos animals in farming and fishing villages.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Biology
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.414-424
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• 2009

The research was to get a biological assessment on Bokha stream and Dal stream, using the physicochemical factors and the epilithic diatom from June, 2008 to March, 2009. As a result, Bokha stream showed high consistency of total phosphorus ($0.041{\sim}0.886\;mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$), and total nitrogen ($0.336{\sim}10.532\;mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$). Also, the concentration of BOD showed most of the sites polluted as $2{\sim}5\;mg\cdot}L^{-1}$ except for the upstream sites. However, excluding downstream sites and other few sites, Dal stream had very clean water quality having total phosphorus less than $0.06\;mg\cdot}L^{-1}$, and total nitrogen less than $2.0\;mg\cdot}L^{-1}$. Out of the 12 total sites, 98 taxa of epilithic diatoms appeared: 67 taxa from Bokha stream, and 78 taxa from Dal stream. The results of the water quality assessment showed that, Bokha stream, having TDI level over 80, was mostly $\alpha$-mesosaprobic, which indicates a severe pollution. On the other hand, Dal stream, having TDI level below 50, was examined to be xenosaprobic and $\alpha$-oligosaprobic, which indicates a clean water quality. The correlation between DAIpo and TDI measured to be high in correlation coefficent (0.83) from the result of correlation analysis. When the water quality is good, there is an inclination of getting high correlation between chemical and biological water quality assessment results. TDI, which uses numerous taxa of diatoms, showed more stability than DAIpo, which uses less amount of taxa of diatoms to get its result.

• Journal of Korean Society of Water and Wastewater
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.347-355
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• 2006

Anyang Stream including its main branch is the biggest branch stream of Han River in Korea. The geological and geomorphological characteristics were investigated to the affected area of Anyang Stream, in which rainfall characteristic was analyzed. The water quality surveyed that the analysis of water pollution used to biotic index and biological water pollution. The rainfall pattern in this area was like to that of typical Korea, but the rate of trigger and runoff during summer season(June~August) is more higher than mean of Korea. Before 2003, a dried stream is severe status, which was due to abundant runoff, but this status are improved. After 1997, water quality of stream is recovering status such as water pollution of stream steeply decreased. Especially after 2003, this trend is more quickly improved. Although, owing to the increasing of a T-N and SS at upstream wastewater were due to bad collection of industrial factories, livestock's and mans living, the water quality worsted at upstream. Water quality in total section of main stream was severely contaminated that water-quality limit is 5 with polysaprobic by water self-purification. That of main branch was 1~3limits with ${\alpha}$- and ${\beta}$-mesosaprobic in Anyang city area, But water quality in all area about another branch of Anyang stream except Anyang city area was almost under of 3 grades. Though trying of Anyang city for recover movement(completion of 2nd Sewage Treatment Plant and Water supply pipe system) on Anyang stream, water pollution states of upper branch in Anyang stream was not better than its of 2002 because it may be difference of control area on other cities.