• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.38 no.11
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• pp.1528-1534
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• 2009

This study was designed to evaluate the anti-obesity and hypoglycemic effects of Gugija (Lycium chinense Mill) extracts in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. We investigated the $\alpha$-amylase and $\alpha$-glucosidase inhibitory activities of extracts from Gugija. Gugija was extracted by 70% EtOH and 80% MeOH and aqueous, respectively. A single oral dose of Gugija extract inhibited the increase of blood glucose levels significantly at 0, 30, 60, 90 and 120 min and decreased incremental response areas under the glycemic response curve. These results suggest that Gugija 70% EtOH extracts may delay carbohydrate digestion and reduce postprandial hyperglycemia. In addition, triglyceride content in 3T3-L1 adipocytes decreased at higher concentrations of Gugija 70% EtOH extract. Free fatty acid content in 3T3-L1 adipocytes was increased at higher concentrations of Gugija 70% EtOH extract. Also, glucose transporter 4 (GLUT4), the key insulin signaling pathway transcription factor, was remarkably increased by the Gugija 70% EtOH extract when compared to those of control cells in protein expression levels. Therefore, Gugija can be developed as an effective anti-obesity and hypoglycemic agent.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.396-403
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• 2014

In this study, the antioxidant effect of water and ethanol extracts from Juniperus rigida Sieb were investigated. The activities of each of the extracts were measured based on their total phenolic and flavonoid contents and using antioxidant test such as of 2,2-azinobis (3-ethyl benzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid (ABTs) radical scavenging activities, ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), angiotensin I converting enzyme (ACE) inhibition activity, antioxidant protection fator (PF), thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARs) content, and ${\alpha}$-glucosidase and ${\alpha}$-amylase inhibition activity assay. The result of the examination to measure the polyphenol content by investigating the antioxidativity of the J. rigida Sieb. extract showed 71.3 mg/g polyphenol content in the water extract, and 116.0 mg/g in the ethanol extract and a 17.7 mg/g flavonoid content in the water extract and in 76.4 mg/g in the ethanol extract. The ABTS radical cation decolorization showed 76.4% and 79.3% scavenging activities of the $500{\mu}g/mL$ water extract and ethanol extract, respectively. The FRAP showed 1.83 mM efficacy in the water extract and a lower 1.77 mM in ethanol extract. Both the water extract and the ethanol extract showed reduced ACE activities of 75.39% and 71.25% at $500{\mu}g/mL$, respectively. The antioxidant protection factor of the water and 70% ethanol extracts of J. rigida Sieb were 1.5 PF and 2.1 PF, respectively. In the TBARS inhibitory activity, the extracts showed 55.78% and 71.48% antioxidant activities at the $500{\mu}g/mL$ concentration. The results of the measurrement of the ${\alpha}$-amylase inhibitory activity indicated more than 90% of activity inhibition in the $500{\mu}g/mL$ concentration of the ethanol extract. For the ${\alpha}$-glucosidase inhibitory activity, the ethanol extract showed 70% activity inhibition at the $500{\mu}g/mL$ concentration.

• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.64 no.1
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• pp.25-32
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• 2021

Phytochemicals include plant-derived natural products that promote and improve the human metabolism and physiological activity, and there is a lot of research to find the value of the molecules is in progress. Likewise, we obtained 288 fractions of Capsicum annuum L. extract in less than 20 h using HPLC/SPE/HPLC coupling experiment through Sepbox system, an effective separation system to search for active substances in natural resources and ensure efficacy and reliability. Therefore, this experiment allowed rapid identification of biologically active molecules from the extract compared to traditional separation processes. Of the above fractions, eight fractions showed the α-glucosidase inhibitory (AGI) activity and subsequent LC-MS analysis revealed one of the active molecules as luteolin 7-O-glucoside. In addition, we proved the increase in AGI activity according to deglycosylation of flavonoid glycoside. Therefore, this study suggests that the Sepbox system can quickly separate and identify active components from plant extract, and is an effective technique for finding new active substances.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.169-177
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• 2020

For this study, we prepared organic solvent fractions from methanol extracts of Houttuynia cordata and Lespedeza cuneate, and analyzed their chemical components and various biological functions such as anti-oxidation, angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibition, and α-glucosidase inhibitory activities. We found that DPPH radical scavenging activity was highest in the ethyl acetate fractions of Houttuynia cordata (90.8%) and Lespedeza cuneata (91.2%), whereas ABTS radical scavenging activity was highest in the ethyl acetate fractions of Houttuynia cordata (86.1%) and the chloroform fractions of Lespedeza cuneata (95.6%). FRAP activity was highest in the ethyl acetate fraction of Houttuynia cordata (360.1 mg TE/g) and Lespedeza cuneata (239.2 mg TE/g). ACE inhibitory activity was highest in the chloroform fraction of Houttuynia cordata (13.2%) and Lespedeza cuneata (35.2%). And, α-glucosidase inhibitory activity was highest in the ethyl acetate fraction of Houttuynia cordata (56.3%), and the water residue of Lespedeza cuneata (93.6%). Finally, we investigated the DPPH radical scavenging activity of 20 types of pure compounds identified in Houttuynia cordata and Lespedeza cuneate. The results show that quercetin demonstrates the highest DPPH radical scavenging activity. Overall, these results help us to understand the functional chemical components of Houttuynia cordata and Lespedeza cuneate and the biological effects of these components.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.46 no.11
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• pp.1308-1315
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• 2017

This study was conducted to develop Momordica charantia L. juice fermented by four Lactobacillus species such as Lactobacillus paracasei (LPA), Lactobacillus plantarum (LPL), Lactobacillus rhamnosus (LRH), and Lactobacillus reuteri (LRE) as well as to investigate their inhibitory effects against digestive enzymes and antioxidant activities. Fermentation was performed at $37^{\circ}C$ without nutrient supplementation for 72 h. The pH and total lactic acid contents were within the ranges of 3.75~3.96 and 5.21~10.04% in fermented juices, respectively. The type of starter culture and fermentation time induced changes in flavonoid contents more than total phenolic contents. All juices fermented for 48 h strongly inhibited ${\alpha}$-glucosidase activity with the percentage of inhibition ranging of 91.24~95.05%. Antioxidant activities of all juices mostly increased after 48 h of fermentation. Our results suggest that fermented juice possesses inhibitory activity against digestive enzymes and antioxidant activity, and they can be used as health functional beverages.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.22 no.7
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• pp.920-927
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• 2012

The objective of this research was to develop the functional material of water and 60% ethanol extracts from nine kinds of mulberry fruits (Morus alba L.) that influence the inhibitory activity on angiotensin-converting enzyme, xanthine oxidase, ${\alpha}$-amylase, and ${\alpha}$-glucosidase. The total phenolic contents in the water extracts were over 2 mg/g in two species (Cheongilppong and Kangwon III) and five species (Daeyoupchosaeng, Cheongilppong, Kangwon III, Hihak, and Cataneo) of 60% ethanol extracts. The inhibitory activity against the angiotensin-converting enzyme was determined with them. Baekwoon III was $90.9{\pm}4.5%$ in the water extracts, and Hihak was $81.8{\pm}4.5%$ in the 60% ethanol extracts. The inhibitory activity of Kuksang 20 against xanthin oxidase was about 10% in the water extracts, and Cataneo was $21.4{\pm}2.3%$ in the 60% ethanol extracts. Six of the species (Daeyoupchosaeng, Suwonppong, Cheongilppong, Kangwon III, Hihak, and Kuksang 20) in the water extracts showed inhibitory activities against ${\alpha}$-amylase, as 100%, respectively. The inhibitory activity of ${\alpha}$-glucosidase was determined for these nine species. Four species (Baekwoon III, Daeyoupchosaeng, Cheongilppong, Kangwon III, Hihak, and Kuksang 20) in the water extracts and three species (Daechoukmyeun, Kangwon III, and Kuksang 20) in the 60% ethanol extracts showed inhibition of over 20%. The results revealed strong biological activity in spite of little total phenolic contents. These water and 60% ethanol extracts with high-quality biological activity from various mulberry fruits (Morus alba L.) are expected to represent good candidates for the development of antihypertentive and antidiabetes sources.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.37 no.2
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• pp.99-104
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• 2009

The $\beta$-glucosidase gene from Streptomyces coelicolor A3(2) was cloned and expressed in Escherichia coli. The ORF consisted of 1377 nucleotides encoding 51 kDa in a predicted molecular weight. Effects of pH indicated that the $\beta$-glucosidase showed similar activity using $\alpha$-pNPG($\rho$-nitrophenyl-$\alpha$-D-glucopyranoside), $\beta$-pNPG($\rho$-nitrophenyl-$\beta$-D-glucopyranoside), and $\beta$-pNPF($\rho$-nitrophenyl-$\beta$-D-fucopyranoside) at range of pH 3 to 10, and high activity using $\beta$-pNPGA ($\rho$-nitrophenyl-$\beta$-D-galactopyranoside) from pH 5 to 10, especially, 3.3 times higher activity at pH 9. Effects of temperature indicated that the $\beta$-glucosidase showed low activity using $\alpha$-pNPG, $\beta$-pNPG, and $\beta$-pNPF from $20^{\circ}C$ to $70^{\circ}C$, and increased activity using $\beta$-pNPGA from $30^{\circ}C$ to $50^{\circ}C$, 1.8 times higher activity at $50^{\circ}C$ than at $30^{\circ}C$. According to activity determination of other substrates, the enzyme was active on daidzin, genistin, and glycitin, inactive on esculin and apigenin-7-glucose. The EDTA and DTT as reducing agents inhibited $\beta$-glucosidase activity, but SDS and mercaptoethanol did not inhibit. Monovalent or divalent metal ions such as $MnSO_4$, $CaCl_2$, KCl, and $MgSO_4$ did not inhibited $\beta$-glucosidase activity. $CuSO_4$ and NaCl showed low inhibition, and $ZnSO_4$ inhibited 3.3 times higher than control.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.124-135
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• 2018

This study investigated the nutritional properties and biological activities of Ganoderma lucidum (GL). The round type of GL contained higher carbohydrate content, while the Nokgak type of GL contained higher crude ash, crude fat, and crude protein content. The most abundant amino acid, fatty acid, mineral, and soluble vitamin observed were valine (round type: 11.90 mg/g and Nokgak type: 17.18 mg/g), linoleic acid (round type: 47.56% and Nokgak type: 75.68%), potassium (round type: 116.50 mg/100 g and Nokgak type: 184.36 mg/100 g), and vitamin B3 (round type: 1.78 mg/100 g and Nokgak type: 1.81 mg/100 g), respectively. In addition, the ${\beta}$-glucan content were 34.15 g/100 g (round type) and 30.07 g/100 g (Nokgak type). The GL 70% ethanol extract at $40^{\circ}C$ showed higher radical scavenging as well as carbohydrate and lipid enzyme inhibition than other conditions. At 1 mg/mL of treatment with the 70% ethanol extract at $40^{\circ}C$ of round type GL, the DPPH, ABTS, hydroxyl radical scavenging, and ${\alpha}$-glucosidase, ${\alpha}$-amylase, and pancreatic lipase inhibition activities obtained were approximately 92.85, 99.74, 58.09, 89.68, 44.68, and 67.56%, respectively.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• v.50
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• pp.200-206
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• 2023

Although softwoods are widely distributed in Korea and used in various industries, studies are limited and comparative research on softwoods has been overlooked. Therefore, in this study, the physiological activity of four species of softwoods found in Korea was quantified. Needles and cones of Pinus densiflora, Chamaecyparis obtusa, Cryptomeria japonica, and Abies koreana were collected, and material was extracted using 70% methanol. We quantified the following physiological traits: total phenol and flavonoid content, antioxidant activity (DPPH, TEAC, FRAP), and inhibitory activity of the enzymes α-glucosidase, elastase, and tyrosinase. Total phenol and flavonoid contents and antioxidant activities were high in Chamaecyparis obtusa and Cryptomeria japonica, and α-glucosidase inhibition activity was highest in the leaves of Chamaecyparis obtusa. Elastase inhibitory activity was high in the leaves and cones of Pinus densiflora and the cones of Abies koreana, and tyrosinase inhibitory activity was highest in the leaves of Pinus densiflora. In Korea, softwoods are planted extensively on roadsides and as windbreaks, and they are highly competitive in supplying raw materials since they are pruned every year. Based on the results of this study, softwoods are considered suitable for use in healthcare products, diabetes products, wrinkles, and whitening cosmetics.

• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.52 no.4
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• pp.200-204
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• 2009

The change of biological activities of melon were investigated during frozen storage. The total phenolic concentrations in melon juice and water extract were 296.25 and $433.25\;{\mu}g/mL$, respectively. The total flavonoid contents in melon juice and water extract were 20.83 and $53.58\;{\mu}g/mL$, respectively. Antioxidant activities of melon juice and water extract were determined. The DPPH of water extract of melon (85.84%) was higher than the melon juice (60.58%). ABTS of melon juice and water extract were 94.50 and 99.30%, respectively. SOD-like activity and xanthine oxidase inhibitory activity of melon of water extracts were higher than those of melon juice. $\alpha$-Glucosidase inhibitory activity of melon juice and water extract were 22.42 and 23.43%, respectively. The changes in the antioxidant activity of melon was insignificant until 6 months of frozen storage. Therefore, it was expected that frozen storage of melon was useful preservation expedient for consistent supply of raw materials.