• Bulletin of the Korean Mathematical Society
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• v.54 no.2
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• pp.705-714
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• 2017

Let $A^2_{{\alpha},{\beta}}(\mathbb{B}_n)$ denote the space of holomorphic functions that are $L^2$ with respect to a weight of form ${\omega}_{{\alpha},{\beta}}(z)=(1-{\mid}z{\mid}^{\alpha}e^{-{\frac{\beta}{1-{\mid}z{\mid}}}}$, where ${\alpha}{\in}\mathbb{R}$ and ${\beta}$ > 0 on the unit ball $\mathbb{B}_n$. We obtain some results for the boundedness and compactness of $Ces{\grave{a}}ro$ operator on $A^2_{{\alpha},{\beta}(\mathbb{B}_n)$.

• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
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• v.40 no.4
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• pp.219-223
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• 2010

The hyaluronic acid (HA) conjugate bearing $\alpha$-cyclodextrin ($\alpha$-CD) was synthesized as the potential carrier of poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG)-drug conjugates. The HA conjugate was prepared by the reaction between the carboxylic acid of HA and the primary amine of $\alpha$-CD in the presence of 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl) carbodiimide and 1-hydroxybenzotriazole. The chemical structure of the conjugate was confirmed using $^1H$ NMR and FT-IR spectroscopy. The conjugate could form nano-sized particles in the presence of PEG by forming the inclusion complexes between $\alpha$-CD at the backbone of HA, which was demonstrated using electrophoretic light scattering and field emission transmission electron microscopy. It is anticipated that this novel kind of nanoparticles can serve as a useful delivery system for PEGylated drugs.

• The Pure and Applied Mathematics
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.61-69
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• 1997

In this paper, we study the dynamics of a two-parameter unfolding system $\chi$' = y, y' = $\beta$y＋$\alpha$f($\chi\alpha\pm\chiy$＋yg($\chi$), where f($\chi$,$\alpha$) is a second order polynomial in $\chi$ and g($\chi$) is strictly nonlinear in $\chi$. We show that the higher order term yg($\chi$) in the system does not change qulitative structure of the Hopf bifurcations near the fixed points for small $\alpha$ and $\beta$ if the nontrivial fixed point approaches to the origin as $\alpha$ approaches zero.

• Composites Research
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.145-150
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• 2016

Polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) as a representative polymer with the piezoelectric property has been studied since the 1960s. Crystalline structure of poly(vinylidene fluoride) polymer is composed of five different crystal structure of the polymer as a semi-crystalline. Among the various crystal structures, ${\beta}-type$ crystal exhibits a piezoelectricity because the permanent dipoles are aligned in one direction. Generally ${\beta}-form$ crystal structure can be obtained through the transformation of the ${\alpha}-form$ crystal structure by the stretching and it can increase the amount through the after treatment as poling process after stretching. ${\beta}-form$ crystal structure the PVDF fibers produced by wet spinning is formed through a diffusion mechanism of a polar solvent in the coagulation bath. However, it has a disadvantage that the diffusion path of the solvent remains as pores in the fiber because the fiber solidification occurs simultaneously with the diffusion of the polar solvent. These pores play a role in reducing effect of poling process owing to effect of disturbances acting on the polarization by the electric field. In this work, the drying method using the microwave was introduced to remove more effectively the residual solvent and the pore within PVDF fibers produced through wet-spinning process and piezoelectric PVDF fibers was produced by transformation of the remaining ${\alpha}$ form crystal structure into ${\beta}-crystal$ structure through the stretching process.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.227-231
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• 2005

The estrogen receptor (ER) is activated and degraded by estrogen. We have examined ER downregulation and activation under hypoxia mimetic conditions. Cobalt chloride induced ER downregulation at 24 h of treatment. This degradation involved hypoxia-inducible factor-1$\alpha$ (HIF-1$\alpha$) as examined by using a constitutively active form of HIF-1$\alpha$, HIF-1$\alpha$/VP16, constructed by replacing the transactivation domain of HIF-1$\alpha$ with that of VP16. Western blot analysis revealed that E2-induced ER downregulation was observed within ${\~}6h$, whereas HIF-1$\alpha$/VP16-induced ER degradation was observed within 12${\~}$20h. HIF-1$\alpha$/VP16 activated the transcription of estrogen-responsive reporter gene in the absence of estrogen. These results suggest that ER downregulation and activation under hypoxia maybe mediated in part by a HIP-1$\alpha$ expression.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.24 no.12
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• pp.1819-1826
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• 2003

In connection with the studies for developing new enzymes that could be useful in organic synthesis, practical preparation of racemic and enantiopure forms of ${\gamma}$-hydroxy-${\alpha}$-keto acids has been successfully achieved. For racemic form of ${\gamma}$-hydroxy-${\alpha}$-keto acids, indium-mediated allylation of aldehydes with 2-(bromomethyl)acrylic acid has been employed as a key step. Oxidative cleavage of the thus formed 2-methylenebutyrolactones provided the desired ${\alpha}$-ketobutyrolactones. Enzymatic resolution of the ${\gamma}$-hydroxy-${\alpha}$-methylene esters provided the desired${\gamma}$-hydroxy-${\alpha}$-methylene acids which were successfully converted to ${\gamma}$-hydroxy-${\alpha}$-ketobutyrolactones in optically pure forms.

• Kyungpook Mathematical Journal
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.129-139
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• 1988

Let $T^{\alpha}_{\lambda}$(p, A, B) denote the class of functions $$f(z)=z^p-{\sum\limits^{\infty}_{k=1}}{\mid}a_{p+k}{\mid}z^{p+k}$$ which are regular and p valent in the unit disc U = {z: |z| <1} and satisfying the condition $\left|{\frac{{e^{ia}}\{{\frac{f^{\prime}(z)}{z^{p-1}}-p}\}}{(A-B){\lambda}p{\cos}{\alpha}-Be^{i{\alpha}}\{\frac{f^{\prime}(z)}{z^{p-1}}-p\}}}\right|$<1, $z{\in}U$, where 0<${\lambda}{\leq}1$, $-\frac{\pi}{2}$<${\alpha}$<$\frac{\pi}{2}$, $-1{\leq}A$<$B{\leq}1$, 0<$B{\leq}1$ and $p{\in}N=\{1,2,3,{\cdots}\}$. In this paper, we obtain sharp results concerning coefficient estimates, distortion theorem and radius of convexity for the class $T^{\alpha}_{\lambda}$(p, A, B). It is further shown that the class $T^{\alpha}_{\lambda}$(p, A, B) is closed under "arithmetic mean" and "convex linear combinations". We also obtain class preserving integral operators of the form $F(z)=\frac{p+c}{z^c}{\int^z_0t^{c-1}}f(t)dt$, c>-p, for the class $T^{\alpha}_{\lambda}$(p, A, B). Conversely when $F(z){\in}T^{\alpha}_{\lambda}$(p, A, B), radius of p valence of f(z) has also determined.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.16 no.7
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• pp.1041-1045
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• 2003

In order to study the reaction behaviors of bovine $\alpha$-lactalbumin ($\alpha$-La), $\beta$-lactoglobulin ($\beta$-Lg), and their mixtures during heat treatment, samples were analyzed using native-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (Native-PAGE), sodium dodecylsulfate (SDS)-PAGE, and two-dimensional (2-D)-PAGE. The electrophoresis demonstrated that the loss of native-$\alpha$-La increased as temperature increased, and that the loss of apo-$\alpha$-La was slightly higher than that of holo-$\alpha$-La. The tests also showed that during heat treatment, a mixture of $\alpha$-La and $\beta$-Lg was less stable than $\alpha$-La alone. As such, it was assumed that $\beta$-Lg induced holo-$\alpha$-La to be less stable than apo-$\alpha$-La during heat treatment. The reaction behavior of $\alpha$-La (holo-, apo-form) during heat treatment showed similar patterns in the 2-D-PAGE electropherogram, but the mixture of $\alpha$-La and $\beta$-Lg created new bands. In particular, the results showed a greater loss of native $\alpha$-La in the holo-$\alpha$-La and $\beta$-Lg mixture than in the apo-$\alpha$-La and $\beta$-Lg mixture. Thus, it can be concluded that the holo-$\alpha$-La and $\beta$-Lg mixture was more intensively affected by heat treatment than other samples, and that free sulphydryl groups took part in the heat-induced denaturation.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.17 no.2 s.82
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• pp.204-210
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• 2007

Previous reports indicated that the carboxyl terminal residues, glutamine276-threonine277 in particular, were important for actin affinity of the unacetylated smooth ${\alpha}-tropomyosin$. To determine the role of the glutamine and threonine residues in C-terminal region in actin binding, we constructed mutant striated muscle ${\alpha}-tropomyosin$ (TMs), in which these two residues were individually substituted. These mutant tropomyosins, designated TM18 (HT) and TM19 (QA), were overexpressed in E. coli as an either unacetylated form or Ala-Ser. (AS) dipeptide fusion form, and were analyzed F-actin affinity by cosedimentation. Unacetylated TM19 (QA) bound to actin approximately three times stronger than TM18 (HT) and much stronger than ST (HA). AS/TM19 (QA) showed four times stronger, in actin affinity than AS/ST (HA) while AS/TM14 (QT) bound to actin stronger to some extent than AS/TM18 (HT). These results suggested that the presence of Gln residue at 276 be primarily attributed to higher actin affinity of smooth ${\alpha}-tropomyosin$.

• BMB Reports
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.132-137
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• 1997

In order to compare molecular structure, malonate decarboxylases from Acinetobacter calcoaceticus, Pseudomonas fluorescens, and Pseudomonas putida aerobically grown on malonate, were purified by the method employing streptomycin sulfate treatment, chromatography with PBE 94 and ${\omega}-aminohexyl$ agarose. Molecular masses were estimated to be 185, 200, and 200 kDa, respectively. All malonate decarboxylases were multimeric enzymes consisting of four different subunits, $2{\alpha},\;1{\beta},\;1{\gamma},\;and\;1{\delta}$. The molecular masses of the Pseudomonas enzyme subunits were $65({\alpha})$, $33({\beta})$, $30({\gamma})$, and $11kDa({\delta})$; which are very similar to those, $65({\alpha})$, $32({\beta})$, $25({\gamma})$, and $11kDa({\delta})$ of Acinetobacter enzyme. The ${\delta}-subunit$ of the active form of the enzymes was acetylated. The acetyl group may form a thioester bond with the thiol group of the prosthetic group covalently linked to the enzyme. It suggests that such molecular organization is common in all malonate decarboxylases.