• Korean Journal of Materials Research
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• v.4 no.7
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• pp.837-844
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• 1994

To investigate that the theoretical formulas for extrusion forces are applicable to the manufacturing plant, the maximum extrusion forces were calculated from Siebel's and Geleji's formulas and also measured using 550 ton extrusion press. Parameters such as flow stress, $K_f$, angle of dead metal zone, $\alpha$ were obtained experimentally in order to calculate the maximum extrusion forces by the the theoretical formulas, and it was showed that the results were reliable as the deformation efficient factor, $\eta _f$ was determined to be less than 0.5. The maximum extrusion forces calculated from Siebel's formula and Geleji's formula for the angle of dead metal zone, $\alpha = 50^{\circ}$ were approached to the experimental results. However, it was found that Siebel's formula is more useful to apply to the manufacturing plant.

• Korean Journal of Crystallography
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.93-98
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• 2004

The structure of C_{28}H_{41}N_4O_4Br\;{\cdot}\;2H_2O$ has been determined by X-ray deffraction methods. The crystal system is triclinic, space group Pl, unit cell constants, a=9.000(1) $\AA$, b=9.312(3) $\AA$, c=9.344(2) $\AA$, $\alpha=89.37(20)^{\circ},\;\beta=68.81(3)^{\circ},\;\gamma=84.70(4)^{\circ},\;V=726.7(8){\AA},\;T=298K,\;Z=1,\;D_c=1.402Mgm^{-3}$. The intensity data were collected on an Enraf-Nonius CAD4 Diffractometer with graphite monochromated $MoK\alpha$ radiation $(\lambda=0.71073\;{\AA}$. The molecular structure was solved by direct methods and refined by full-matrix least squares to a final $R=5.95\%$ for 2521 unique observed $F_0>4\sigma(F_0)$reflections and 370 parameters.

• Journal of the Korea Concrete Institute
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• v.16 no.5 s.83
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• pp.581-589
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• 2004

This paper compares the fatigue behaviors of concretes subjected to flexural and split-tensional loadings, and proposes the fatigue reliability models based on experimental results and reliability analysis. The fatigue tests were performed for the specimens of $150 mm{\times}75 mm$ split tensional cylinders and $150 mm{\times}150 mm{\times}550 mm$ flexural beams under constant loadings at three levels (70, 80 and $90\%$) with 0.1 stress ratio, 20 Hz loading speed and sine wave. The reliability analysis on fatigue data was based on Weibull distribution of two-parameters. From fatigue test results, two criteria were proposed to reject the experimental fatigue data because of statistical variation of concrete fatigue data. Two parameters ($\alpha$and u) of Weibull distribution were obtained using graphical method, moment method and maximum likelihood method. The probability density function(P.D.F) and cumulative distribution function(C.D.F) of the Weibull distribution for fatigue life of pavement concrete were derived for various stress levels using parameters, $\alpha$ and u. The goodness-of-fit test by Kolmogorov-Smirnov test was acceptable at $5\%$ level of significance. Based on reliability analysis, a fatigue model for pavement concrete was proposed and compared from existing models.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Emotion and Sensibility Conference
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• 1998.11a
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• pp.143-147
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• 1998

Autonomic and EEG responses of 38 college students were studied during 60-sec long presentation of International Affective Picture System (IAPS )slides evoking, according to subjective reports, negative (disgust, sadness, surprise) and positive (happiness, exciting) emotional. states. Observed were significant heart rate (HR) deceleration, large skin conductance responses (SCR), moderate respiration frequency slowing, reduction of frontal (F 3, F 4 ) and occipital (O 1, O 2 ) fast alpha, and increases of theta, delta and beta relative spectral power values during the first 30 sec of exposure of IAPS pictures. Analysis carried out to differentiate emotion categories according to autonomic responses indicated that observed HR deceleration was larger in magnitude in surprise and sadness than in disgust, SCR amplitude higher in sadness than in disgust. EEC showed significant differences in theta (F 3, F 4 ) and delta (O 1) power increase in disgust vs. happiness, fast alpha (F 3, F 4 ) power was lower in surprise than in happiness, and slow beta power higher. in happiness than in disgust (0 1). Despite some differences. observed within discrete emotion conditions, overall responses pattern of monitored parameters exhibited similar profiles with few variations, most. obvious. in disgust state, which suggests that affective visual stimulation elicits stereotypical responses in a given passive viewing paradigm. However, the magnitude of physiological responses may vary to certain extent across discrete emotional states making it possible to differentiate among particular experimentally-induced emotional states, e.g., disgust vs. sadness by ANS responses or disgust vs. happiness by EEG measures.

• Food Science of Animal Resources
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• v.39 no.5
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• pp.844-861
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• 2019

Over the last few years, marine environment was found to be a source of surplus natural products and microorganisms with new bioactive secondary metabolites of interest which can divulge nutritional and biological impact on the host. This study aims to assess the possible, inherent and functional probiotic properties of a novel probiotic strain Enterococcus durans F3 (E. durans F3) isolated from the gut of fresh water fish Catla catla. Parameters for evaluating and describing the probiotics described in FAD/WHO guidelines were followed. E. durans F3 demonstrated affirmative results including simulated bile, acid and gastric juice tolerance with exhibited significant bactericidal effect against pathogens Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella Typhi, Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. This can be due to the enterocin produced by E. durans F3 strain, which was resolute by sodium dodecyl sulphate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) gel with amplification of the anticipated fragment of a structural gene; enterocin A, followed by antibiotic susceptibility assessment. Effective antioxidant potentiality against ${\alpha}$-diphenyl-${\alpha}$-picrylhydrazyl free radicals including lipase, bile salt hydrolase activity with auto-aggregation and cell surface hydrophobicity was similarly observed. Results are proving the potentiality of E. durans F3, which can also be used as probiotic starter culture in dairy industries for manufacturing new products that imparts health benefits to the host. Finding the potent and novel probiotic strains will also satisfy the current developing market demand for probiotics.

• Proceedings of the Korea Concrete Institute Conference
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• 1998.10b
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• pp.934-939
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• 1998

This study discusses the results of adiabatic temperature rise tests which were performed considering various parameters, such as cement type, water-cement ratio, unit cement weigh, admixtures and placing temperature, which influence the temperature rise(K) and reaction velocity ($\alpha$). Theadiabatic temperature rise models obtained from this study are similar to those of Japan Concrete Institute. The models to calculate temperature rise and reaction velocity could be used the analysis f concrete thermal stress.

• Analytical Science and Technology
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• v.7 no.3
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• pp.329-338
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• 1994

The retention behaviors of natural gas components were studied on a single column by gas chromatography. The dead time, $t_0$ was obtained by using extrapolation of homologous series to determine capacity factors. The plots of retention data for homologous series and carbon number at different temperatures were shown to converge into a single point, which point was determined as a dead time. The results of the effect of temperature on the column efficiency for n-butane exhibited the plate number, N incerased with temperature, but the resolution among the fast eluted components decreased. The adsorption enthalpy (${\Delta}H^0{_{ads}}$) for each component on 28% DC 200 stationary phase was determined, and in order to investigate the retention behaviors of natural gas components the regression analysis of log $t_R$, log k' and log ${\alpha}$ vs. van der Waals volume(Vw), molecular connectivity index(X) and hydrophobic fragmental constant(f) were carred out. Good correlation was found between log k' vs. Vw, and log k' vs. f. The correlations between the physical properties of natural gas and the physical parameters were investigated by the linear regression analysis. The relationships between Vw vs. molecular weight and heating value(${\Delta}H_{comb}$), X vs. boiling point, and f vs. molecular weight, boiling point and heating value exhibited the high correlation coefficient more than 0.99. Using the regression equation between the heating value of natural gas and Vw the predicted heating values from $C_6$ to $C_{10}$ showed good agreement with those reported in the literature within 0.2% relative error.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.26 no.6
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• pp.874-885
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• 2012

In the present study, the possibility of whether the pharmacological effects of Scutellariae Radix Aqueous Extracts(SR) were favorably changed by report that lipopolysaccharide(LPS)-induced rat acute lung injury was treated with Red-Koji(Monascus purpureus 12002) fermentation. Three different dosages of Red-Koji fermented SR extract(fSR), 125, 250 and 500 mg/kg were orally administered once a day for 28 days before LPS(Escherichia coli 0111:B4) treatments, and then 5 hours after LPS treatment(500 ${\mu}g$/head, intra trachea instillation), all rats were sacrificed. Changes in the body weights, lung weights, pulmonary transcapillary albumin transit, arterial gas parameters(pH, $PaO_2$ and $PaCO_2$) bronchoalveolar lavage fluid(BALF) protein, lactate dehydrogenase(LDH) and proinflammatory cytokine tumor necrosis factor-${\alpha}$(TNF-${\alpha}$), interleukin-$1{\beta}$(IL-$1{\beta}$) contents, total cell numbers, neutrophil and alveolar macrophage ratios, lung malondialdehyde(MDA), myeloperoxidase(MPO), proinflammatory cytokine TNF-${\alpha}$ and IL-$1{\beta}$ contents were observed with histopathology of the lung, changes on luminal surface of alveolus(LSA), thickness of alveolar septum, number of polymorphonuclear neutrophils(PMNs). As results of LPS-injection, dramatical increases in lung weights, pulmonary transcapillary albumin transit increases in $PaCO_2$, decreases in pH of arterial blood and $PaO_2$, increases of BALF protein, LDH, TNF-${\alpha}$ and IL-$1{\beta}$ contents, total cells, neutrophil and alveolar macrophage ratios, lung MDA, MPO, TNF-${\alpha}$ and IL-$1{\beta}$ contents increases were detected with decreases in LSA and increases of alveolar septum and PMNs numbers, respectively as compared with intact control. Especially fSR 125 mg/kg showed quite similar favorable effects on the LPS-induced acute lung injuries as compared with 60 mg/kg of ${\alpha}$-lipoic acid and 250 mg/kg of SR. The results suggest that over 125 mg/kg of fSR extracts showed favorable effects on the LPS-induced acute lung injury mediated by their antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects. Moreover, increases of the pharmacological effects of SR on LPS-induced acute lung injury were observed by Red-Koji fermentation in this study, at least 2-fold higher.

• Nonlinear Functional Analysis and Applications
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.663-684
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• 2021

In this paper, we present some fixed point results for a general class of nonexpansive mappings in the framework of Banach space and also proposed a new iterative scheme for approximating the fixed point of this class of mappings in the frame work of uniformly convex Banach spaces. Furthermore, we establish some basic properties and convergence results for our new class of mappings in uniformly convex Banach spaces. Finally, we present an application to nonlinear integral equation and also, a numerical example to illustrate our main result and then display the efficiency of the proposed algorithm compared to different iterative algorithms in the literature with different choices of parameters and initial guesses. The results obtained in this paper improve, extend and unify some related results in the literature.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.45 no.6
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• pp.650-655
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• 2001

Carvedilol is a nonselective $\beta$-blocking agent with vasodilating properties that are attributed mainly to its blocking activity at $\alpha$$^{1}$-receptors. Carvedilol is used in the treatment of mild to moderate hypertention and angina pectoris and is often used in combination with other drugs. This study was carried out to evaluate the bioequivalence and pharmacokinetics of two carvedilol 25mg tablet formulations according to the guidelines of Korea Food and Drug Administration (KFDA). Twenty healthy volunteers are enrolled and received a single dose (25mg as carvedilol) of each drug in the fasting state, in a randomized 2-way crossover design. After oral administration, blond samples were collected for a period of 30 hours. Plasma concentrations of carvedilol were determined by a rapid and sensitive HPLC method with spectrofluorometric detection. The major pharmacokinetic parameters such as AU $C_{0-}$30hr/, AU $C_{inf}$ , $C_{max}$, $T_{max}$, $t_{1}$2 / Cl/F and V $_{\beta}$//F were calculated. ANOVA test and t-test were utilized for the statistical analysis of each parameter. The results showed that the differences in AU $C_{0-}$30hr/, $C_{max}$ and $T_{max}$ between two were ~5.66, 1.74 and 0.00%, respectively. Minimum detectable differences ($\Delta$) at $\alpha$=0.05 were less than$\pm$ 20% except $T_{max}$ (8.44, 18.36, and 33.86%, respectively). The 90% confidence intervals of all parameters were within $\pm$20% (-10.60~ -0.72, -9.00~12.49 and -19.81~19.81%, respectively). Therefore, it is concluded that the two formulations are bioequivalent for both the extent and the rate of absorption after single dose administration.ation.ion.ion.ation.ion.n.