• Journal of Radiation Industry
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.175-178
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• 2011

This study was conducted with effect of lactic acid bacteria by gamma irradiation. Lactic acid bacteria were exposed to irradiation with a single absorbed dose of 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, and 10 kGy. Possible lactic acid bacteria, including Lactobacillus paracasei KCTC 13169, Lactobacillus casei KCTC 3109, Lactobacillus acidophilus KCTC 3140, Lactobacillus plantarum subsp plantarum KCTC 3103, Lactobacillus debruekii subsp bulgaricus KCTC 3635, Streptococcus thermophilus KCTC 3658 were selected. The radiation sesitivities of lactic acid bacteria were expressed as $D_{10}$ values. The $D_{10}$ values of Lactobacillus paracasei, Lactobacillus casei, Streptococcus thermophilus, Lactobacillus acidophilus, Lactobacillus plantarum, and Lactobacillus debruekii were calculated as 0.42, 0.51, 0.47, 0.90, 0.44, and 0.61 kGy, respectively. Results suggest that L. acidiphilus has the highly resistant to gamma irradiation.

• Journal of Radiation Industry
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.53-57
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• 2010

Cooking drips which were obtained as by-product after seafood processing in the food industries, still contain lots of proteins, carbohydrates, and other functional materials. But, the seafood cooking drips are easily contaminated because of its rich nutrients, and their color are very dark. This study was conducted to investigate the effect of gamma irradiation on the quality of seafood cooking drips including Hizikia fusiformis, Enteroctopus dofleini, and Thunnus thynnus. The Hunter's color values (L, Brightness) of H. fusiformis, and T. thynnus were increased with increasing irradiation doses, showing becoming bright. The crude protein content and crude lipid content were increased by gamma irradiation. These results indicated that gamma irradiation increased extraction efficiency of available compounds in cooking drips.

• Journal of Radiation Protection and Research
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• v.33 no.4
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• pp.143-150
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• 2008

In this study, we examined the effect of hydroxyl radical generated by $\gamma$-ray and UV irradiation on shrinkage of vitreous body. Change in gel ratio of vitreous body and change in the properties of its components (collagen, sodium hyaluronate) were analyzed. By comparing these results, the amount of hydroxyl radical, which induces the considerable shrinkage of vitreous body, was evaluated from theoretical calculation based on experimental condition and some reported kinetic parameters. It was concluded that the integrated amount of hydroxyl radical required to liquefy half of the vitreous body (Vitreous body gel ratio = 50%) was estimated as $140\;{\mu}molg^{-1}$ from $\gamma$-ray irradiation experiment. Also, from UV irradiation experiment result, it was confirmed that the effect of hydroxyl radical is larger than that of other reactive species. The causes of shrinkage of vitreous body are supposed as follows, 1) decrease in viscosity by cleavage of glycoside bond in sodium hyaluronate, 2) leaching of collagen from vitreous body and 3) leaching of crosslinked products and scission products of collagen.

• Biomedical Science Letters
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.105-112
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• 2006

This study was undertaken to investigate the morphological changes between normal and atretic follicle after gamma irradiation and treatment of follicle stimulating hormone (FSH). The ovaries of each group of treated immature mice were prepared the paraffin sections after 0, 6, 12, and 24 hours (hrs) of those treatment. Hematoxylin-eosin (HE) stain, reticulin stain, and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase (TdT)-mediated dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) immunohistochemical stain were performed on the each paraffin sections. As the results of HE staining, the condensed nuclei of oocytes were observed in the atretic primordial follicles, on the other hand the condensations of granulosa cell nuclei were prominent in the atretic primary, preantral, and antral follicles. Only the granulosa cells of atretic follicle were stained specifically with TUNEL staining but not stained in the theca cells, which suggested granulosa cells degenerated through apoptosis. In the reticulin staining, the basement membranes of atretic follicle which was stained weakly showed irregular structure and detachment from the follicles. The ratio of normal to atretic follicle in control and FSH treated group was about 33% but this ratio increased rapidly over 90% in the 6, 12, and 24 hrs group after the irradiation. It could be suggested that the gamma irradiation is the useful tool far the induction of follicle atresia and immunohistochemical staining methods are essential in the study of follicle atresia.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.505-509
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• 2001

This study was carried out to evaluate the application of food irradiation technology as a method for reducing milk allergies. Bovine $\alpha$-casein, $\beta$-casein, $textsc{k}$-casein, $\alpha$-lactalbumin(ALA), $\beta$-lactoglobulin (BLG) and serum albumin (BSA) were used as model allergens of milk proteins and the proten solution (2.0 mg/mL) with 0.01 M phosphate buffered saline (pH 7.4) was irradiated at 3, 5 and 10 kGy. Using milk-hypersensitive patients IgE (MHP-IgE), the changes of binding ability to irradiated proteins were observed by competitive indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (Ci-ELISA). Affinity of MHP-IgE to milk proteins was higher in ALA and BLG than that of other proteins. Standard curve to each non-irradiated protein could be made with MHP-IgE for quantifying milk allergens. Binding abilities of MHP-IgE to the irradiated proteins, however, decreased with different slopes of the standard curves. Sensitivity of gamma irradiation was higher in ALA and BLG than of other proteins. These results indicated that irradiation technology can be used to reduce the milk hypersensitivity.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.52-56
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• 2002

This study was conducted to evaluate the possibility of gamma radiation for reducing egg allergies through the observation of conformational and allergenic changes of egg ovomucoid (OM) in basic pH conditions. An OM solution of 2.0 mg/mL was individually prepared with different pH conditions, pH 7.0, 9.0 or 10.0, and was irradiated with the absorbed dose of 10 kGy. Irradiated OM solutions were tested by Ci-ELISA formatted with egg-hypersensitive patients'IgE. Binding abilities of IgE to OM in irradiated solution decreased with the increase of pH. Turbidity of the solution highly increased by irradiation and the increase of pH. A yellowish color was observed in the irradiated OM solution of basic condition. Coagulation of OM by irradiation decreased with the increase of pH, when observed by SDS-PAGE.

• Macromolecular Research
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.269-275
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• 2004

To graft N-isopropylacrylamide (NIPAAm) onto alginate, varying dosages of ${\gamma}$-rays were irradiated onto alginate films in deionized water and methanol media, which are non-solvents of alginate. We investigated the hydrogels graft ratio, mechanical strength, swelling kinetics and ratio, and behavior with respect to drug release. The graft yield of NIPAAm increased upon increasing the irradiation dose. The use of the aqueous solution increased the graft yield relative to that obtained in methanol. The mechanical strength of the grafted hydrogels increased after grafting with NIPAAm. In a study of the swelling kinetics, we found that all hydrogels reached an equilibrium swollen state within 3 h. The equilibrium swelling ratio of the hydrogels decreased upon increasing the irradiation dose. The swelling ratio of the hydrogels decreased dramatically between 30 and 35$^{\circ}C$ because phase separation of NIPAAm occurred at 32$^{\circ}C$. The swelling process, with respect to the temperature change, was repeatable. An NIPAAm-grafted alginate containing a drug sustained its release rate until 3 h after an initial high drug release caused by a burst effect.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.30 no.5
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• pp.839-843
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• 2001

The effect of gamma-irradiation on the hydrolytic enzyme activities of some Koran soybean-based fermented foods was studied. Doenjang (soybean paste), kanjang (soy sauce), kochujang (red pepper paste), chungkukjang and meju were prepared and irradiated at 0, 5, 10 and 20 kGy. Then activities of protease, amylase, lipase and fibrinolytic enzyme were determined. Hydrolytic enzyme activities of meju, chungkukjang and doenjang were relatively higher than those of kanjang and kochujang. Amylase, protease and lipase activities were not affected by 10 kGy and were slightly (about 10%) inactivated by 20 kGy of gamma irradiation, with no statistical significance. Fibrinolytic enzyme was stable in all treatments.

• Journal of Radiation Industry
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• v.4 no.4
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• pp.385-389
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• 2010

In this study, the effect of the concentration of carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) solution on the degradation by irradiation was investigated. The CMC solutions with different concentrations of 3%, 4%, 5%, 6% and 7% were irradiated at the doses of 5, 10, 15, 20, 25 and 30 kGy with gamma ray or electron beam, and the viscosity of CMC solution was measured. The viscosity of the CMC solutions was decreased with an increase in the irradiation dose, but the extent of the degradation by an irradiation was found to be decreased with an increase of the CMC concentration in the solution. The dependency of the irradiation sources showed that an electron beam radiation had degraded the CMC less severely than gamma ray.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Biology
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.398-404
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• 2005

Radioprotection is of practical importance for the normal tissues of tumor patients subject to radiotherapy, people with planned or accidental exposure to radiation, and the public and radiation workers. Since oxygen enhances radiation - induced biological damage, antioxidants should be related with the function as a radioprotectors. Ascorbic acid or caffeine is an essential component and antioxidant in the diet of humans and a small range of other mammals. The present study investigates functional radioprotection of caffeine and ascorbic acid against gamma radiation in irradiated C57BL/6N mice. Eight-week-old male C57BL/6N mice were irradiated with 6.5 Gy. A caffeine treated group was administered with $80mg\;kg^{-1}$ body weight by intraperitoneal injection, a single treatment 1 hr before irradiation. Ascorbic acid was administered $330\;mg\;L^{-1}$ in drinking water through all the experimental period. According to time schedules, animals were sacrificed by cervical dislocation. And the samples were collected 2 weeks after whole- body gamma irradiation. The caffeine treated group showed lower decrement of body and organ weights than the other experimental groups. The qualitative analysis of circulating testosterone in serum was performed by means of radioimmunoassay (RIA). The normal level of circulating testosterone was maintained by the treatment of caffeine and ascorbic acid. The change of weight of body and organ and the appearance of seminiferous tubules were improved by an effect of caffeine or ascorbic acid against irradiation. Taken together, caffeine and ascorbic acid protects impairment of spermatogenesis against gamma radiation and may act as a radio-protector.