• Journal of Gastric Cancer
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.266-272
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• 2013

We report our experience with two cases of situs inversus totalis, both involving patients diagnosed with gastric cancer. These were a 52-year-old male with a preoperative staging of cT1bN0M0 and a 68-year-old male with a staging of cT2N0M0, both of whom underwent surgery. The former was found to have vascular anomalies in the preoperative computed tomography, so we performed a computed tomography angiography with three-dimensional reconstruction. Laparoscopy-assisted distal gastrectomy with Billroth I anastomosis was performed with D1+ lymph node dissection, and a small laparotomy was made for extracorporeal anastomosis. In contrast, the latter case showed no vascular anomalies in the preoperative computed tomography, and totally laparoscopic distal gastrectomy with delta anastomosis was performed with D1+ lymph node dissection. There were no intraoperative problems in either patient and they were discharged without postoperative complications. Histopathological examination revealed a poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma (pT2N0M0) and a well-differentiated adenocarcinoma (pT1aN0M0), respectively.

• Journal of Ocean Engineering and Technology
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.47-53
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• 2003

The development of new materials with light weight and high strength has become vital to the machinery, aircraft and auto industries. However, there are a lot of problems with developing such materials that require such expensive tools, as well as a great deal of time and effort. Therefore, the improvement of fatigue life through, the adoption of residual stress, is the main focus. The compressive residual stress was imposed on the surface according to each shot velocity(1800, 2200, 2600, 3000rpm) based on Shot-peening, which is the method of improving fatigue life and strength. By using the methose mentioned above, we arrived at the following conclusions; 1. The fatigue crack growth rate(da/dN) of the Shot-peened material was lower than that of the Un-peened material. In stage I, $\Delta$K$_{th}$, the threshold stress intensity factor, of the shot-peen processed material is high in critical parts, unlike the Un-peened material. Also m, fatigue crack growth exponent and number of cycle of the Shot-peened material was higher than of the Un-peened material. That is concluded from effect of da/dN. 2. Fatigue life shows more improvement in the Shot-peened material than in the Un-peened material. Compressive residual stress of the surface on the Shot-peen processed operate resistance force of fatigue crack propagation.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.16 no.12
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• pp.1868-1873
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• 2006

A novel microorganism that could degrade high molecular weight gellan was screened and isolated from soil. On gellan plate, the microorganism grew well and completely liquefied the plate. The gellan-degrading microorganism was isolated by pure culture on glucose and nutrient agar medium afterwards. The 16S rDNA sequence analysis and biochemical tests using an API 50CHB/20E kit revealed that the strain belonged to Bacillus sp. The isolate, named as Bacillus sp. YJ-1, showed optimum gellan-degrading activity in 0.5% gellan medium at pH 7.5 and 37$^{\circ}C$. The activity was measured and evaluated by the thiobarbituric acid and thin-layer chromatography method. Mass spectrometry revealed that the major gellan.. depolymerized product was an unsaturated tetrasaccharide consisting of $\Delta$4,5-glucuronic acid-(1$\rightarrow$4 )-$\beta$-D-glucose-(1$\rightarrow$4)- $\alpha$-L-rhamnose-(1$\rightarrow$3)-$\beta$-D-glucose, which is a dehydrated repeating unit of gellan, thus the enzyme was identified as gellan lyase. When the gellan was present in the medium, the gellan-degrading activity was much higher than that in glucose-grown cells. These results indicate that in the presence of gellan, Bacillus sp. YJ-1 is able to metabolize the gellan by inducing gellan-degrading enzymes that can degrade gellan into small molecular weight oligosaccharides, and then the gellan. depolymerized products are taken up by the cells and utilized by intracellular enzymes.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.260-271
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• 1992

Fruits are generally subjected to mechanical forces during harvesting, handling, and transportation that may cause damage in the form of bruises, punctures, and cracks. In order to prevent damage, and insure better quality fruits for consumers, it is very essential to study physical properties of these materials. The studies were conducted to examine the effect of storage period, storage condition, and other factors, such as loading rate and initial strain, on the stress relaxation behavior of the fruit flesh, and develop nonlinear viscoelastic models to represent its stress relaxation behavior. The following results were obtained from the study : 1. Since the viscoelastic behavior of the fruits flesh was nonlinear, the behavior was satisfactorily modelled as follows ; $${\delta}({\varepsilon},\;t)={\varepsilon}^A[B\;{\exp}(-Ct)+D\;{\exp}(-Ft)+G(-Ht)]$$ But, for the every strain applied, the stress relaxation behavior of the fruit flesh, such as apple and pear, could be well described by the Generalized Maxwell model, respectively. 2. The effect of loading rate on the stress relaxation behavior was remarkable. The higher loading rate resulted in the higher initial stress, and the faster stress relaxation. 3. The higher initial strain resulted in the higher initial stress, and stress relaxed at the large initial strain was also much higher than at the small initial strain. 4. Stress relaxation rate and quantity stored in the fruits at the low temperature storage were much higher than those at the normal temperature storage in the same storage period. Also, in all fruits tested, the longer storage period was the more relaxation rate and quantity were shown. These trends in the normal temperature condition was the more significant than in the low temperature condition.

• Journal of Broadcast Engineering
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.219-227
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• 2009

In H.264/AVC, if each block is quantized with a adaptive quantization parameter(QP) regardless of the characteristics of a block, it could be the deterioration of the picture quality. In this paper, an adaptive block-based QP selection method is proposed in order to improve picture quality by utilizing the bit amounts of the zigzag-scanned integer transform coefficients of the neighboring blocks and changing the QP value in the current block. The proposed method works in the same way as the encoder and decoder without transmitting the change of QP value to the decoder side. The experimental results show that the proposed method achieves a gain of about $0.1\sim0.3dB$ compared with H.264/AVC.

• Animal cells and systems
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.87-94
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• 2005

Spindle position checkpoint monitors the orientation of mitotic spindle for proper segregation of replicated chromosomes into mother cell and the daughter, and prohibits mitotic exit when mitotic spindle is misaligned. BUB2 forms one of the key upstream element of spindle position checkpoint in budding yeast, but its functional homologues have not been identified in higher eukaryotes. Here, we analyzed the functions of two putative BUB2 homologues of C. elegans in the spindle orientation checkpoint. From the C. elegans genome database, we found that two open reading frames (ORFs), F35H12_2 and C33F10_2, showed high sequence homology with BUB2. We obtained the expressed sequence tag (EST) clones for F35H12_2 (yk221d4) and C33F10_2 (yk14e10) and verified the full cDNA for each ORF by sequencing and 5' RACE with SL1 primer. The functional complementation assays of yk221d4 and yk14e10 in ${\Delta}bub2$ of S. cerevisiae revealed that these putative BUB2 homologues of C. elegans could not replace the function of BUB2 in spindle position checkpoint and mitotic exit. Our attempt to document the component of spindle position checkpoint in metazoans using sequence homology was not successful. This suggests that structural information about its components might be required to identify functional homologues of the spindle position checkpoint in higher eukaryotes.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.134-144
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• 2003

Objective : This study designed to find out the effects of deep acupuncture in cerebrovascular hemiplegia. Methods : This study was performed on 30 patients with cerebrovascular hemiplegia to observe difference in temperature of skin surface between general acupuncture and deep acupuncture at Hapkok using digital infrared thermographic imaging(D.I.T.I.) Results : 1. Temperature of paralytic side is sigficantly higer $0.39{\pm}0.78^{\circ}C$ than that of contralateral side. 2. Thermal difference(${\Delta}T$) of paralytic side-contralateral side decreased $0.08{\pm}0.53^{\circ}C$ after general acupuncture, but there is no significant. $0.20{\pm}0.50^{\circ}C$ after deep acupuncture decreased significantly. So deep acupuncture is more effective than general acupuncture. 3. Thermal difference of paralytic side-paralytic side and contralateral side-contralateral side decreased significantly after acupuncture, and thermal difference of deep acupuncture on paralytic side-paralytic side decreased $0.42{\pm}1.07^{\circ}C$ more than that of general acupuncture. So deep acupuncture is more effective than general acupuncture. Conclusions: This study showed that deep acupuncture is more effective than general acupuncture In cerebrovascular hemiplegia, and further study is needed on clinical trials.

• Journal of the Korean Crystal Growth and Crystal Technology
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.76-85
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• 1992

${\beta}-$Ag_2S$(high temperature phase) was grown by solid/vapour reaction growth based on solid -state electrochemisty. In S/V growth, one of the reactants, silver ion, is supplied to the growth surface through the solid $Ag_2S$ from one side and the other reactants, surfur, is transported in the phase of vapour from the other side. With the sufficient supply of S vapour, the growth rate increased as increasing $T_d$(decomposition temperature of $Ag_2S$) and ${\Delta}T$ between $T_d$ and $T_g$(temperature of growth surface). At low S vapour pressure, growth rate decreased with decreased vapour pressure and ${\beta}-$Ag_2S$ was grown in the form of whisker, when Ag+ion is sufficiently supplied. The measured values of electronic conductivity of ${\beta}-$Ag_2S$ showed that electronic conductivity of the poly crystal was larger than that of single crystal.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.35 no.8
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• pp.2335-2341
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• 2014

Chemical investigation on the methanol extract of the starfish Ctenodiscus crispatus resulted in the isolation of five steroids, (22E,$24{\zeta}$)-26,27-bisnor-24-methyl-$5{\alpha}$-cholest-22-en-$3{\beta}$,5,$6{\beta}$,$15{\alpha}$,25-pentol 25-O-sulfate (1), (22E,24R,25R)-24-methyl-$5{\alpha}$-cholest-22-en-$3{\beta}$,5,$6{\beta}$,$15{\alpha}$,25,26-hexol 26-O-sulfate (2), (28R)-24-ethyl-$5{\alpha}$-cholesta-$3{\beta}$,5,$6{\beta}$,8,$15{\alpha}$,28,29-heptaol-24-sulfate (3), (25S)-$5{\alpha}$-cholestane-$3{\beta}$,5,$6{\beta}$,$15{\alpha}$,$16{\beta}$,26-hexaol (4), and ${\Delta}7$-sitosterol (5). Their structures were identified by extensive spectroscopic analyses, including 1D, 2D NMR and MS and chemical methods. Compound 4 showed cytotoxicity against human hepatoma HepG2 and glioblastoma U87MG cells via inhibition of cell growth and induction of apoptosis. Induction of apoptosis by 4 was demonstrated by cell death, DNA fragmentation, increased Bax/Bcl-2 protein ratio and the activation of caspase-3, caspase-9 and poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP).

• Journal of Fisheries and Marine Sciences Education
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.198-208
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• 1997

Recently, with rapid increase of gas demand, there occurs much interest their security of safety in the gas storage tanks and pressure vessels etc. In order to solve the problems, the occurrence of corrosion fatigue crack and the propagation behavior must be investigated. Especially the occurrence of corrosion fatigue crack and the propagation behavior in the part which has concentrated stress or defects, must be studied more carefully. In this paper, the high-tensile steel of SPV 50 which is much used for building the LPG storage tanks was tested by the use of a plane bending corrosion fatigue tester under the various marine environment and in the air. These experiments were carried out to investigate the surface crack propagation behavior, the value of experimental constant for Paris' rule(da/dN=$C(K)^m$), the crack depth propagation rate and the accelerative factor of the surface crack propagation rate. The main results obtained are as follows ; 1) As the specific resistances of marine environment decreases, the exponential value of slope m of Paris' rule(da/dN=$C(K)^m$) decreases and the value of intercept C increases. 2) The surface crack propagation rate and the crack depth propagation rate are delayed, as the specific resistances of marine environment is increased. 3) The accelerative factor of the surface crack propagation rate by corrosion fatigue is higher, according as the stress intensity factor range ${\Delta}K_A$ is small.