• Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering:BBE
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• 제3권2호
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• pp.78-81
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• 1998

Cyclodextrin glucanotransferase [CGTase, E.C.2.4.1.19] is an extracellular enzyme, which catalyzes he formation of ${\alpha}$-, ${\beta}$-, ${\gamma}$- CDs from starch. Their proportions of formations depend on enzyme sources and reaction conditions. To understand what determines the product specificity of CGTases, we examined the alteration of product specificity of CGTase from Bacillus macerans by organic solvent sand pH. At acidic pH range less than pH 6 where the enzyme was unstable, the ratio of ${\alpha}$-/ ${\beta}$-CD production was increased 4 times more than that at neutral pH range. As we increased the concentration of 2-butanol, ${\alpha}$-/ ${\beta}$-CD ratio was proportionally increased but / ratio remained constant. The ${\alpha}$-/ ${\beta}$-CD ratio of products was increased in the reaction media which yielded low products.

• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.95-104
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• 1994

Inclusion complexes of ketoconazole(KT) with ${\alpha}^_$, ${\beta}^_$cyclodextrin(CD) and $dimethy1-{\beta}-cyclodextrin$ (CD) and $dimethy1-{\beta}-cyclodextrin(DM{\beta}CD)$ as nasal absorption enhancer were prepared in 1: 2 molar ratios by freeze-drying and solvent evaporation methods. In order to compare with the intrinsic absorptivity of KT in the jejunum(J) and the nasal cavity(N), the in situ simultaneous perfusion method was employed. The in situ recirculation study revealed that KT-CD inclusion complexes with the greater stability constant and the faster dissolution rate proportionally increased the absorption of KT in the J and N of rats. The rank order of apparent KT permeability$(P_{app}\;:\;cm/sec\;{\time}\;1O^{-5}{\pm}S.E.)$, corrected by surface area of absorption, was $5.10{\pm}0.3(N,\; KT-DM{\beta}CD)$ )> $4.13{\pm}0.4(N,\;KT-{\beta}-CD)$ )> $3.52{\pm}0.2(N,\;KT-{\alpha}-CD)$ )> $2.76{\pm}0.3(J,\; KT-DM{\beta}CD)$ )> $2.61{\pm}0.5(J,\;KT-{\beta}-CD)$ )> $2.42{\pm}0.4(J,\;KT-{\alpha}-CD)$ at pH 4.0. The in crease in permeability of $KT-DM{\beta}CD$ inclusion complex was 2.6 folds in the J and 4.5 folds in the N when the perfusing solution was changed from the buffer(pH 4.0) to saline. The absorption rate of $KT-DM{\beta}CD$ inclusion complex after nasal administration was more rapid than those of ketoconazole alone and $KT-DM{\beta}CD$ inclusion complex after oral administration to rats. In comparision with an oral administration of ketoconazole suspension in corn oil, the relative bioavailability was calculated 137.3% for the oral and 195.0% for nasal $KT-DM{\beta}CD$ inclusion complex in rats. The present results suggest that $KT-DM{\beta}CD$ inclusion complex may serve as a potential nasal absorption enhancer for the nasal delivery of ketoconazole.

• 공업화학
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• 제22권6호
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• pp.599-604
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• 2011

이 연구는 화상이 유발된 mouse에 사이클로덱스트린/폴리에틸렌이민/실크 피브로인이 함유된 수화겔을 처치하여 화상 치유효능을 평가한 실험이다. 상처치유 효능을 갖는 것으로 알려진 silk fibroin (SF)을 함유한 polyethyleneimine (PEI)/${\beta}$-cyclodextrin (${\beta}CD$) conjugate를 epichlorohydrin (EPI)로 가교시켜 ${\beta}CD/PEI/SF$ 수화겔을 제조하였고, 이를 화상이 유발된 mouse에 처치하여 일반 거즈만 처치한 음성대조군과 상용화되어 있는 상처치유 제품(OTC)을 처치한 양성대조군과 비교해 시간에 따른 화상치유 경과를 지켜보았다. 약물이 로딩되지 않은 ${\beta}CD/PEI/SF$ 수화겔과 약물이 로딩된 ${\beta}CD/PEI/SF$ 수화겔을 처치한 동물 실험군의 화상치유경과는 육안으로 관찰 시, 음성대조군과 비교했을 때에 큰 차이가 없었고 오히려 상처가 악화되는 경향을 보였다. 반면 OTC 연고를 처치한 양성대조군에서는 상처의 크기가 눈에 띄게 줄어들었다. H&E staining을 통하여 진피 층에서의 상피재생을 확인한 결과 또한 ${\beta}CD/PEI/SF$ 수화겔의 화상치유에 대한 효능이 뚜렷하게 나타나지 않았다.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제23권5호
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• pp.699-704
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• 2002

We characterized nanoelectrode arrays prepared from self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) by adsorption from a solution containing thiolated $\beta$-cyclodextrin ($\beta$-CD) and n-alkanethiol on the gold electrode surface, using electrochemical methods. While the framework, the n-hexadecanethiol SAM, effectively blocked electron transfer between the electrode surface and solution-phase redox probe molecules, the $\beta$-CD cavities isolated in the forests of n-hexadecanethiol molecules were shown to act as an ultramicroelectrode array. The shapes of cyclic voltammograms of probe molecules were related to the number densities of $\beta$-CD molecules within the monolayer films. Probe molecules that have the correct combination of physical and chemical characteristics were shown to effectively penetrate the framework through the $\beta$-CD pores and exchange electrons with the electrode surface.

• 한국미생물·생명공학회지
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.148-153
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• 1989

Cyclodextrin(CD) 생성효소(CGTase)를 생산하는 미생물을 토양으로부터 알칼리 (pH10.3) 조건하에서 1주 분리하여 동정한 결과, pH 7.5~ll.0까지 생육하는 절대 호알칼리성 Bacillus sp.이었다. 분리균주가 생산하는 효소는 전분으로부터 $\beta$-CD를 우선적으로 생성하는 효소임을 HPLC를 통해 분석하였으며, 이때의 $\alpha$-, $\beta$-, ${\gamma}$-CD의 생성비율은 1:10:1.5이었으나 분리균주의 효소생산 조건은 1% $Na_2$CO$_3$가 탄소원으로, 5% corn steep liquor를 질소원으로 하여 호기적 조건에서 37$^{\circ}C$, 48~60시간 진탕배양하였을 때 배양상징액으로 부터 최대 효소생산을 얻었다. Ethanol 침전방법을 이용하여 얻은 조효소액의 효소적 특성에 있어서 본 효소의 최적활성 pH는 6.0이었으며 pH 안정성은 pH 5~9까지 안정하였다. 최적활성 온도는 5$0^{\circ}C$이었으며 열안정은 5$0^{\circ}C$까지 안정함을 보였다. 본 효소의 활성염색 전기영동 결과, 대조균인 호알칼리성 Bacillus sp. ATCC 21783의 효소와 비교시 단백질의 성상에 있어서 차이점을 확인할 수 있었다.

• 대한화장품학회지
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• 제37권4호
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• pp.337-345
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• 2011

약용식물은 피부와 모발을 보호하는 잠재적 기능을 가지고 있다고 알려져 있다. 약용식물의 유용 성분들은 대부분 비수용성 약용성분들이므로 수용성 분자 담지체인 ${\beta}$-cyclodextrin을 이용하여 초분자 복합체를 형성시켜 기능성의 변화를 살펴보았다. 약용식물의 유용 성분이 함유된 크림, 샴푸, 바디워시, 그리고 헤어토닉은 계면활성제, 방향제, 약용식물 추출물과 ${\beta}$-cyclodextrin을 혼합하여 제조하였다. 복합체를 함유한 샴푸 및 바디워시에서 그람 양성균들과 비듬균으로 알려져 있는 효모에 대한 항균활성과 균 성장억제 효과를 확인하였다. HDF (human dermal fibroblast)에 대한 초분자체의 독성실험결과, 초분자체의 함량이 1 mg/mL 이하의 경우에서는 세포 독성이 나타나지 않았다. 본 연구결과는 약용식물 추출물과 약용성분 초분자 복합체에 대한 세포무독성을 확인하고 항균활성을 확인함으로써 향후 기능성화장품 제조 시 안정성과 기능성의 과학적 근거를 확보하였다고 사료된다.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제33권5호
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• pp.832-838
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• 2004

본 연구는 성인 비만 여성을 대상으로 45일 동안$\beta$-cyclodextrin을 함유하는 다이어트 식품(antifat diets)의 섭취시 체중， 비만도, 체질량지수, 체지방율, 신체둘레 및 혈액지질수준의 변화를 관찰하였다. Antifat diet섭취 전과 비교하였을 때 antifat diets 섭취 후 체중 3 kg 감소, 비만도 5% 감수 체질량지수 1 kg/$m^2$ 감소, 체지방율 7% 감소가 실제측정치로써 나타났으며, 이를 감소율로써 나타냈을 때 체중 4%, 비만도 13%, 체질량지수 4%, 체지방율 20%의 감소효과가 있었으며 통계적 유의성이 있었다(p<0.05). Antifat diets섭취 전과 비교하였을 때 antifat diets 섭취 후 상위 팔둘레 3 cm 감소, 허리둘레 3 cm 감소, 엉덩이 둘레 3 cm 감소 및 허벅지 둘레 3 cm가 실제 측정치로서 감소하였고, 이를 감소율로써 나타냈을 때 상위팔둘레 8%, 허리둘레 3.4%, 엉덩이둘레 3% 및 허벅지둘레 5%의 감소효과를 보였으며 통계적으로 유의성이 있었다(p<0.05). Antifat diets를 45일간 섭취하였을 경우 antifat diets 섭취 전에 비하여 중성지방 103 mg/dL감소, 총콜레스테롤 50 mg/dL 감소, LDL-C 50 mg/dL 감소가 실제 측정치로써 나타났으며, 이를 감소율로서 나타냈을 때 중성 지 방 40%, 총콜레스테롤 24%, LDL-C 37% 및 동맥경화지수 31%까지 유의적으로 감소하였다(p<0.05). 따라서 $\beta$-cyclodextrin이 비만방지 및 과체중 조절을 위한 새로운 다이어트 식음소재로서 충분히 활용될 수 있음을 알 수 있었다.

• 한국미생물·생명공학회지
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• 제19권5호
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• pp.514-520
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• 1991

Extrusion시켜 구조변형시킨 전분(질)을 기질로 cyclodextrin glucanotransferse(CGTase)를 활용하여 액화과정을 거치지 않고 직접 cyclodextrin을 합성하는 불용성 extrusion된 전분-수용성 CGTase로 구성된 불균일상 효소반응계에 관하여 연구하였다. Extrusion된 전분을 기질로 이용할 경우 기존의 액화전분을 기질로하는 균일상 효소반응계에서 보다 현저히 증가된 CD 농도, 수율 그리고 합성속도를 얻을 수 있었으며, extrusion된 전분 기질농도가 100g/l일 때 CD생성량과 수율은 각각 54g/l와 0.54였다.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제35권8호
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• pp.2487-2493
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• 2014

Dimeric ${\beta}$-cyclodextrin linked by a thioether bridge was synthesized from a reaction of mono-6-iodo-6-deoxy-${\beta}$-cyclodextrin with sodium sulfide, and the structure was analyzed using nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry. The effects of thioether-bridged dimeric ${\beta}$-CD on the aqueous solubility of flavonols (myricetin, quercetin, and kaempferol) were investigated by ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy. The aqueous solubility of myricetin, quercetin, and kaempferol were enhanced 33.6-, 12.4-, and 10.5-fold following the addition of 9 mM of thioether-bridged dimeric ${\beta}$-CD. In comparison, the aqueous solubility of myricetin, quercetin, and kaempferol were enhanced 5.4-, 3.3-, and 2.7-fold using the same concentration of monomeric ${\beta}$-cyclodextrin. Furthermore, the formation of flavonol/thioether-bridged dimeric ${\beta}$-CD inclusion complexes was confirmed with nuclear magnetic resonance, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, differential scanning calorimetry, and scanning electron microscopy. The results showed that the nature of the complexes significantly differed from that of free flavonols. Herein, we suggest that the thioether-bridged dimeric ${\beta}$-CD can act as an effective complexing agent for flavonols.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제18권12호
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• pp.1794-1799
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• 2005

The present study was carried out to develop crosslinking of $\beta$-cyclodextrin ($\beta$-CD) using adipic acid, and to determine the optimum conditions of different factors ($\beta$-CD concentration, mixing temperature, mixing time and mixing speed) on cholesterol reduction from homogenized milk. Crosslinked $\beta$-CD was prepared with adipic acid. When the milk was treated with different conditions, the cholesterol removal rate was in the range of 92.1 to 93.1% with 1% $\beta$-CD addition, which were not significantly different among treatments. After cholesterol removal from milk, the used crosslinked $\beta$-CD was washed for cholesterol dissociation and reused. For recycling study, the cholesterol removal rate in the first trial was 92.5%, which was mostly same as that using new crosslinked $\beta$-CD. With repeated ten time trials using same sample, 81.4% of cholesterol was removed from milk. Therefore, the present study indicated that the optimum conditions for cholesterol removal using crosslinked $\beta$-CD were 1% $\beta$-CD addition and 10 min mixing with 400 rpm speed at 5$^{\circ}C$ with over 90% cholesterol removal. In addition, crosslinked $\beta$-CD made by adipic acid resulted in the effective recycling efficiency.