• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제27권2호
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• pp.395-404
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• 2017

Fungal cell walls and cell membranes are the main targets of antifungals. In this study, we report on the antifungal activity of an ethanol extract from Paeonia lactiflora against Candida albicans, showing that the antifungal activity is associated with the synergistic actions of preventing cell wall synthesis, enabling membrane depolarization, and compromising permeability. First, it was shown that the ethanol extract from P. lactiflora was involved in damaging the integrity of cell walls in C. albicans. In isotonic media, cell bursts of C. albicans by the P. lactiflora ethanol extract could be restored, and the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of the P. lactiflora ethanol extract against C. albicans cells increased 4-fold. In addition, synthesis of $(1,3)-{\beta}-{\small{D}}-glucan$ polymer was inhibited by 87% and 83% following treatment of C. albicans microsomes with the P. lactiflora ethanol extract at their $1{\times}MIC$ and $2{\times}MIC$, respectively. Second, the ethanol extract from P. lactiflora influenced the function of C. albicans cell membranes. C. albicans cells treated with the P. lactiflora ethanol extract formed red aggregates by staining with a membrane-impermeable dye, propidium iodide. Membrane depolarization manifested as increased fluorescence intensity by staining P. lactiflora-treated C. albicans cells with a membrane-potential marker, $DiBAC_4(3)$ ((bis-1,3-dibutylbarbituric acid) trimethine oxonol). Membrane permeability was assessed by crystal violet assay, and C. albicans cells treated with the P. lactiflora ethanol extract exhibited significant uptake of crystal violet in a concentration-dependent manner. The findings suggest that P. lactiflora ethanol extract is a viable and effective candidate for the development of new antifungal agents to treat Candida-associated diseases.

• 한국수자원학회논문집
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• 제53권3호
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• pp.167-179
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• 2020

최근 바이오폴리머 소재를 이용하여 자연 흙의 강도와 식생의 생장을 증진하는 새로운 제방 소재가 개발되었다. 본 연구에서는 바이오폴리머 혼합토를 친환경 제방 재료로 활용하기 위해 혼합토로 조성된 식생 매트의 한계 소류력을 평가하였다. 혼합토는 베타글루칸을 주재료로 모래와 황토를 혼합하여 조성하였다. 실규모 시험체를 제작하여 혼합토를 3 cm 도포하였으며 식생과 매트를 이용하여 4개의 시험체를 제작하였다. 실규모 실험에 의해 손상과 토양유실을 관측하여 한계 소류력을 결정하였다. 식생 호안의 특성상 식생의 피복도에 따라 영향을 받기는 하지만 식생이 활착된 경우 개략적으로 한계소류력 42 N/㎡, 한계유속 4 m/sec을 실험을 통해 확인하였다. 또한 매트공법이 적용된 경우에는 뿌리와 매트의 결합으로 침식저항성이 강화됨을 확인하였다.

• KSBB Journal
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.46-49
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• 2005

생분해성인 curdlan을 아세틸화하여 소수성 약물인 IND의 치료효과를 증진시킬 수 있는 약물전달시스템 개발을 위한 실험을 수행한 결과, IND가 포함된 CAMs를 제조할 수 있었고, IND의 loading efficiency는 $58.44\%$였다. 약물 방출 거동에 영향을 미치는 요인 중 제조한 CAMs의 swelling 특성은 처음 1시간 동안 pH 1.4에서는 아무런 변화가 없었고 PH 7.4에서는 $30\%$의 swelling을 보였고 pH 1.4에서보다 pH 7.4에서의 swelling이 약 3배 높았다. 또한 CAMs로부터 IND의 방출은 pH 1.4에서보다 pH 7.4에서 약 15배 이상 증가하였다. 이러한 결과로 CAMs는 IND의 약물전달시스템으로 유용할 것이며 특히 pH에 의존하는 약물방출 경향을 보였다.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제33권5호
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• pp.275-281
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• 2019

Polysaccharides produced in microorganisms and plants are known to increase the immune response in the body. We proposed analysis of beta-glucan contents of phellinus linteus fruit body (FB) and mycelium (MC) cultured in cudrania tricuspidata. Also, we examined whether fruit body and mycelium can increase the immune response in cyclophosphamide-induced immunosuppression animal models. We injected cyclophosphamide (50 mg/kg) twice to produce immunosuppression mice. Then, FB (200 mg/kg) and MC (200 mg/kg) were oral administered for 14 days. In order to confirm the immune-enhancing effect of FB and MC, we analyzed spleen weight, the number of immune cells, cytokines, and immunoglobulins levels. Cyclophosphamide decreased the weight of spleen, the number of immune cells. However, FB and MC have significantly increased the weight of spleen, the number of white blood cell, lymphocyte and monocyte. In addition, they have significantly increased immune-related cytokines (IL-2 and IFN-${\gamma}$) and immunoglobulins (IgA, IgG, IgM) levels. As a results, phellinus linteus fruit body (FB) and mycelium (MC) cultured in cudrania tricuspidata can be used as effective natural materials for immune-enhancing.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제28권1호
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• pp.1-6
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• 2019

Ptecticus tenebriferwas incorporated to partially or totally replace the diets of juvenile white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei). Experimental groups of shrimp with an average initial body weight of $0.014{\pm}0.001g$ were fed each of the 5 diets formulated to include 0, 25, 50, 75, and 100% (C, T25, T50, T75, and T100, respectively) of Ptecticus tenebriferpowder substituted for commercial feed. After eight weeks of feeding trials, juvenile shrimp fed with diets T25 and T50 showed higher live weight gain ($2.298{\pm}0.405$ and $2.539{\pm}0.406$, respectively), and a better feed conversion ratio ($1.389{\pm}0.246$ and $1.536{\pm}0.246$, respectively) compared to those of shrimp fed a control diet. Survival rate was 98% in all experimental groups except for the T75 group ($66.67{\pm}57.73%$ survival). The levels of immune markers such as beta-glucan binding protein, prophenoloxidase, and crustin associated with the cellular and humoral immunity of shrimp were found to be higher in 25% and 50% commercial feed replacement groups. A reduction in total nitrogen, nitrite nitrogen, and ammonia levels was greater in T25 and T50 rather than in T75 and T100. These results clearly indicate that replacement of feed with 25 to 50% Ptecticus tenebriferpowder in juvenile white shrimp diet was optimal in promoting the growth performance of shrimp without any adverse effects.

• 농업과학연구
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• 제45권4호
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• pp.779-787
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• 2018

The objective of this study was to investigate the structural and physicochemical properties of starch by barely cultivars. Hwanggeumchal had a moisture content and ${\beta}$-glucan content of 12.02 and 6.23%, respectively. Hyegang had higher protein contents than those of the other cultivars. As a result of observing the particle size of starch, Hwanggeumchal and Hyegang had smaller particles of starch compared with the other cultivars at 15.7 and $15.9{\mu}m$, respectively. The analysis results on the content of damaged starch showed that Dahan and Hyegang had a damaged starch content of 1.14 and 1.20%, whereas Boseokchal and Hwanggeumchal were 0.76 and 0.49% respectively, showing low waxy cultivars. As for the content of amylose, the results show that Dahan and Hyegang had an amylose content of 37.07 and 37.75%, and Boseokchal and Hwanggeumchal were at 11.22 and 37.75%, respectively. As for the degree of amylopectin polymerization, all four cultivars had the highest degree of polymerization (DP) content of 13 - 24 at more than 54%, whereas the DP content ${\geq}37$ was the lowest at less than 5.35%. The results for the soluble and resistant starch content show that the content of soluble starch ranged from 93.90 to 95.76%, and resistant starch was 0.17 - 0.40%. After analyzing the gelatinization properties of barley starch, the value of the setback was low in Hwanggeumchal and Hyegang; thus, it is considered that the aging process of those cultivars will be slower than that of the others.

• 식품과학과 산업
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• 제52권1호
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• pp.84-99
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• 2019

Dietary fiber is defined as soluble and insoluble polysaccharide consisted in the plant cell wall-associated fibers naturally occurring in fruits, vegetables, and cereal products, and of isolated fibers that are added to processed foods which are also artificially modified. There are so many difference types of dietary fibers as arabinoxylan, polydextrose chicory, oligosccharide. inulin, pectin, bran, cellulose, ${\beta}$-glucan, resistant starch and some seaweed polymers as alginate. Most of them provide many biological benefits in the intestine, as lower risk for developing coronary heart disease, stroke, hypertension, diabetes, obesity and some of the gastrointestinal disease like as colon cancer. And also lowering cholesterol levels, improves glycemic and insulin sensitivity to non-diabetic and diabetic persons including immune system. Beside of many benefits, average consumers in developed and under developing countries take far less amounts of dietary fiber that international organization recommended. Adequate intake of dietary fiber is 14g/1,000kcal base using the energy guide line of 2,000kcal/day for women and 26,000 kcal/day for men, dietary intake is 28g/day of adult women and 36g/day for adult men. The mechanisms behind the reported effects of dietary fiber on metabolic health are not fully well established. It is suggested that changes in intestinal viscosity resulting mucus increasing, macro-nutrients absorption, rate of passage of large intestinal, production of short chain fatty acids by fermentation. Production of gut hormones and changes of microbiota in intestine. It is necessary to do more research in this field in the future and combined interdisciplinary works together.

• 한국축산식품학회지
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• 제44권1호
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• pp.1-18
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• 2024

This study reviewed the current data presented in the literature on developing meat analogs using plant-, insect-, and protein-derived materials and presents a conclusion on future perspectives. As a result of this study, it was found that the current products developed using plant-, insect-, and mycoprotein-derived materials still did not provide the quality of traditional meat products. Plant-derived meat analogs have been shown to use soybean-derived materials and beta-glucan or gluten, while insect-derived materials have been studied by mixing them with plant-derived materials. It is reported that the development of meat analogs using mycoprotein is somewhat insufficient compared to other materials, and safety issues should also be considered. Growth in the meat analog market, which includes products made using plant-, insect-, and mycoprotein-derived materials is reliant upon further research being conducted, as well as increased efforts for it to coexist alongside the traditional livestock industry. Additionally, it will become necessary to clearly define legal standards for meat analogs, such as their classification, characteristics, and product-labeling methods.

• 한국토양비료학회지
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• 제43권3호
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• pp.341-348
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• 2010

본 시험은 남부지방의 대표적 이모작 작부체계인 벼 맥주보리 작부체계에서 3년 (6작기) 동안 화학비료와 돈분뇨의 시용량을 달리하여 연용하여 살포하였을 때 돈분뇨가 토양환경 및 맥주보리의 수량과 품질에 미치는 영향에 대하여 검토한 결과는 다음과 같다. 벼와 맥주보리 포장에 연용하여 돈분뇨를 100% 시용하였을 때 유효인산과 치환성 양이온 중에서 칼리의 함량이 증가하였다. 시험전 유효인산 함량은 243에서 3년후 350 mg $kg^{-1}$ 으로 100 mg $kg^{-1}$ 이상 증가하였고 치환성 칼륨은 0.31에서 0.44 $cmol_c\;kg^{-1}$ 으로 크게 증가하였다. 그러나 화학비료 50%+돈분뇨 50% 처리구에서는 유효인산과 치환성 칼리 함량의 변화가 크지 않았다. 유기물을 함유하고 있는 돈분뇨를 시용한 결과 토양의 가비중에는 영향을 미치지 않았다. 미생물의 밀도는 호기성 세균>방선균>사상균의 순이었다. 호기성 세균 개체수는 벼 (돈분뇨 100%)+맥주보리 (돈분뇨100%) 처리구에서 $26.3{\times}10^6\;CFU\;g^{-1}$으로 가장 많았다. 벼와 맥주보리 재배시 돈분뇨 100% 처리구에서 호기성 세균/사상균의 비율을 나타내는 B/F율이 1,011 으로 가장 높고 Biomass C 함량도 높아 이상적인 토양미생물상을 유지하고 있었다. 수량은 벼 (돈분뇨 100%)+맥주보리 (돈분뇨 100%) 처리구에서 간장, 수장, 수수 및 천립중이 높아 358 kg $10a^{-1}$ 으로 관행처리구 294 kg $10a^{-1}$ 대비 22 % 증수 되었다. ${\beta}$-glucan 함량은 돈분뇨 시용구 보다 비료 무시용구와 화학비료 100% 시용구에서 각각 4.5 및 4.4%로 가장 낮았다. 조단백 함량 또한 비료 무시용구와 화학비료 100% 시용구에서 8.2% 로 가장 낮았으며, 처리구 모두 조단백 함량 11% 이내로서 맥주보리 종실의 품질은 양호하였다.

• 식물병연구
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• 제16권3호
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• pp.259-265
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• 2010

목질진흙버섯(Phellinus linteus)을 액체 배양한 균사체의 열수 추출물을 이용하여 PMMoV 및 CMV에 대한 감염억제효과를 검정한 결과, PMMoV 및 CMV에 높은 감염억제효과가 발견되었다. 이 결과를 토대로, P. linteus 균사체의 열수추출물을 주성분으로 제제화한 PLM-WE1의 효능 평가를 위하여, PMMoV 및 CMV의 국부감염 기주식물에서 PLM-WE1의 바이러스 접종전 처리효과, 엽이면 처리시의 감염억제효과 및 PLM-WE1의 지속효과 실험을 수행하였다. 그 결과, PLM-WE1(처리농도 10 mg/ml)의 바이러스 접종전 처리시의 감염억제율은 PMMoV 99.2%와 CMV 80.3%이었으며, 본 제제(농도 5 mg/ml)의 엽이면 처리시의 감염억제율은 PMMoV 45.0%와 CMV 41.9%, 약효지속성은 처리 3일 후까지 PMMoV 75%와 CMV 62% 수준으로 감염억제 효과를 보였다. 바이러스 전신감염기 주식물을 이용한 감염억제효과는 PMMoV 75~85%와 CMV 75%이었다. PLM-WE1제제의 바이러스 감염억제 기작을 해석하기 위하여, 정제한 PMMoV에 제제를 혼합하여 전자현미경으로 관찰한 결과, 바이러스 입자의 형태적 변화는 관찰되지 않아, PLM-WE1의 바이러스 감염억제기작은 바이러스입자의 응집(aggregation) 작용과는 다른 기작에 의한 것임이 추정되었다. 목질진흙버섯 균사체로부터 식물바이러스 감염억제 성분의 분리 및 동정을 위하여 유기용매분획, 산 가수분해 및 에탄올 분별침전을 실시하여 고활성 분획을 수득하였다. 이 분획물을 $^1H$-NMR 및 $^{13}C$-NMR을 이용하여 분석한 결과, $\alpha$- 또는 $\beta$-glucan이 결합된 다당류(polysaccharide)로 확인되었다.