• Journal of Dairy Science and Biotechnology
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• 제36권4호
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• pp.196-207
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• 2018

This study was carried out to investigate the rheological properties and composition of unsaturated fatty acid of farm butter made from the milk of cows grazing at high mountain pasture in Pyronogchang SKY ranch (above sea level, 935 m). From two groups containing 7 cows each, a group was fed in-door with TMR (total mixed ration) feed and whereas the other group was grazed pastures for 12 h. The daily intake of feed on basis of dry matter (DMI), milk yields, concentration of milk constituents, and fatty acid profile of pasture milk were compared with control TMR milk. In addition, the physiochemical properties and composition of unsaturated fatty acids of the butter were also compared with those of the butter made from control TMR milk. Upon comparison, the health-promoting index (HPI) of fatty acids; the ratio of omega-6 fatty acids to omega-3 fatty acids (n-6 to n-3 UFA), the atherogenicity index (AI), and the ratio of linoleic acid to ${\alpha}$-linolenic acid (LA to ALA) was apparently improved in farm butter than those of control butter. Thus, it could make the dairy farm visitors to consume the farm butter containing the health-promoting fatty acids from the milk of cows grazing on mountain pasture.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.20-30
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• 1999

In order to modify lipid production of Perilla qualitatively as well as quantitatively by genetic engineering, genes involved in carbon metabolism were isolated and characterized. These include acyl-ACP thioesterases from Perilla frutescens and Iris sp., four different $\beta$-ketoacyl- ACP synthases from Perilla frutescens, and two $\Delta$15 a-cyl-ACP desaturases(Pffad7, pffad3). Δ15 acyl-ACP desa turase (Δ15-DES) is responsible for the conversion of linoleic acid (18:2) to $\alpha$-linolenic acid (ALA, 18:3). pffad 3 encodes Δ15 acyl-desaturase which is localized in ER membrane. On the other hand, Pffad7 encodes a 50 kD plastid protein (438 residues), which showed highest sequence similarity to Sesamum indicum fad7 protein. Northern blot analysis revealed that the Pffad7 is highly expressed in leaves but not in roots and seeds. And Pffad3 is expressed throughout the seed developmental stage except very early and fully mature stage. We constructed Pffad7 gene under 355 promoter and Pffad3 gene under seed specific vicillin promoter. Using Pffad7 construct, Perilla, an oil seed crop in Korea, was transformed by Agrobacterium leaf disc method. $\alpha$-linolenic acid contents increased in leaves but decreased in seeds of transgenic Perilla. Currently, we are transforming Perilla with Pffad3 construct to change Perilla seed oil composition. We isolated three ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase (AGP) genes from Perilla immature seed specific cDNA library. Nucleotide sequence analysis showed that two of three AGP (Psagpl, Psagp2) genes encode AGP small subunit polypeptides and the remaining (Plagp) encodes an AGP large subunit. PSAGPs, AGP small subunit peptide, form active heterotetramers with potato AGP large subunit in E. coli expressing plant AGP genes.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• 제18권3호
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• pp.255-261
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• 2014

Essential fatty acid (EFA) is known to be required for the body to function normally and healthily. However, the effect of EFA on glucose uptake in skeletal muscle has not yet been fully investigated. In this study, we examined the effect of two EFAs, linoleic acid (LA) and ${\alpha}$-linolenic acid (ALA), on glucose uptake of C2C12 skeletal muscle cells and investigated the mechanism underlying the stimulatory effect of polyunsaturated EFAs in comparison with monounsaturated oleic acid (OA). In palmitic acid (PA)-induced insulin resistant cells, the co-treatment of EFAs and OA with PA almost restored the PA-induced decrease in the basal and insulin-stimulated 2-NBDG (fluorescent D-glucose analogue) uptake, respectively. Two EFAs and OA significantly protected PA-induced suppression of insulin signaling, respectively, which was confirmed by the increased levels of Akt phosphorylation and serine/threonine kinases ($PKC{\theta}$ and JNK) dephosphorylation in the western blot analysis. In PA-untreated, control cells, the treatment of $500{\mu}M$ EFA significantly stimulated 2-NBDG uptake, whereas OA did not. Phosphorylation of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and one of its downstream molecules, acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC) was markedly induced by EFA, but not OA. In addition, EFA-stimulated 2-NBDG uptake was significantly inhibited by the pre-treatment of a specific AMPK inhibitor, adenine 9-${\beta}$-D-arabinofuranoside (araA). These data suggest that the restoration of suppressed insulin signaling at PA-induced insulin resistant condition and AMPK activation are involved at least in the stimulatory effect of EFA on glucose uptake in C2C12 skeletal muscle cells.