• Analytical Science and Technology
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• v.13 no.5
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• pp.601-607
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• 2000

Lanthanum has been used as one of the burnup monitor in spent nuclear fuel. $U_3Si/Al$ spent nuclear fuel contains small amount of La in high concentration of U and Al. Therefore, chemical separation of La is required to remove matrix elements. At first, ion chromatography (IC) and inductively coupled plasma systems were installed in radiation shielded glove box to handle the radioactive samples. Retention behavior of uranium, aluminum, lanthanum and some interesting fission products (Sr, Zr, Y, Mo, Ru, Pd, Rh, Cs, Ba, Ce, Pr, Nd, Sm, Eu and Cd) was investigated using the CG10 column and ${\alpha}$-HiBA eluent. As all elements were eluted earlier than lanthanum in 0.2 M ${\alpha}$-HiBA eluent, a portion of U and Al was directly passed to waste using a three way valve between the column and the nebulizer. Thus it was possible to determine the lanthanum in a high concentration of U and Al matrix. Retention time of La was about 12 minutes in this separation condition. Optimum range for the determination of La in $U_3Si/Al$ spent nuclear fuel was $1-10{\mu}g/L$ (ppb) with this system and detection limit was $0.25{\mu}g/L$ in case of $200{\mu}L$ of sample volume.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.44 no.1
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• pp.16-28
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• 2011

Oxidative stress leads to the induction of cellular oxidative damage, which may cause adverse modifications of DNA, proteins, and lipids. The production of reactive species during oxidative stress contributes to the pathogenesis of many diseases. Antioxidant defenses can neutralize reactive oxygen species and protect against oxidative damage. The aim of this study was to assess the antioxidant status and the degree of DNA damage in Korean young adults using glutathione s-transferase (GST) polymorphisms. The GSTM1 and GSTT1 genotypes were characterized in 245 healthy young adults by smoking status, and their oxidative DNA damage in lymphocytes and antioxidant status were assessed by GST genotype. General characteristics were investigated by simple questionnaire. From the blood of the subjects, GST genotypes; degree of DNA damage in lymphocytes; the erythrocyte activities of superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione peroxidase; plasma concentrations of total peroxyl radical-trapping potential (TRAP), vitamin C, ${\alpha}$- and ${\gamma}$-tocopherol, ${\alpha}$- and ${\beta}$-carotene and cryptoxanthin, as well as plasma lipid profiles, conjugated diene (CD), GOT, and GPT were analyzed. Of the 245 subjects studied, 23.2% were GSTM1 wild genotypes and 33.4% were GSTT1 wild genotype. No difference in erythrocyte activities of superoxide dismutase, catalase, or glutathione peroxidase, and the plasma TRAP level, CD, GOT, and GPT levels were observed between smokers and non-smokers categorized by GSTM1 or GSTT1 genotype. Plasma levels of ${\alpha}$- and ${\gamma}$-tocopherol increased significantly in smokers with the GSTT1 wild genotype (p < 0.05); however, plasma level of ${\alpha}$-carotene decreased significantly in non-smokers with the GSTM1 wild genotype (p < 0.05). DNA damage assessed by the Comet assay was significantly higher in non-smokers with the GSTM1 genotype; whereas DNA damage was significantly lower in non-smokers with the GSTT1 genotype. Total cholesterol and LDL cholesterol levels were significantly higher in non-smokers with the GSTT1 genotype than those with the GSTT1 wild genotype (p < 0.05). In conclusion, the GSTM1 genotype or the GSTT1 wild genotype in non-smokers aggravated their antioxidant status through DNA damage of lymphocytes; however, the GSTT1 wild type in non-smokers had normal plasma total cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol levels. This finding confirms that GST polymorphisms could be an important determinant of antioxidant status and plasma lipid profiles in non-smoking young adults. Further study is necessary to clarify the antioxidant status and/or lipid profiles of smokers with the GST polymorphism and to conduct a study with significantly more subjects.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.287-318
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• 2000

The purpose of this study is to observe the effect of Aqua-acupuncture utilizing Lycopi Herba Solution(LH-AS) on arthritis. For that purpose, we formed three experimental group, synovial cells of human body, normal BALB/C mice and DBA/1J mice with collagen II-induced arthritis, and measured the treatment effect of LH-AS on each group. The conclusions are as follows. 1. After the LH-AS treatment on synovial cells, there were no significant change in 1, 10, 50 and $100{\mu}g/m{\ell}$ whereas there was significant change in 200 and $400{\mu}g/m{\ell}$ in cytotoxicity. 2. IL-6, IL-$1{\beta}$, TNF-${\alpha}$ gene expression of synovial cells and the secretion amount of IL-6 and IL-$1{\beta}$ are significantly inhibited in treatment group with LH-AS. 3. The proliferation of synovial cells was significantly inhibited in treatment group with rIL-6, LH-AS 200 and rIL-6, $100{\mu}g/m{\ell}$. 4. After the DBA/1J mice with collagen II-induced arthritis were treated by LH-AS, the incidence of arthritis, hind paw edema, the index of arthritis and DTH were significantly inhibited. 5. After the DBA/1J mice with collagen II-induced arthritis were treated by LH-AS, splenetic weight was significantly increased and the number of leukocyte was significantly decreased. But there was no significant change in the number of platelet. 6. After the DBA/1J mice with collagen II-induced arthritis were treated by LH-AS, the number of $CD4^+$, $CD8^+$ activated cells and the surface-receptor expression were significantly increased whereas the number of $CD19^+$ activated cells and the surface-receptor expression were decreased. 7. After the DBA/1J mice with collagen II-induced arthritis were treated by LH-AS, total protein, LDH were significantly decreased, but there was no significant change in creatinine. 8. After the normal splenetic cells of BALB/C mice were treated by LH-AS and cultured, it was observed that the adherent cells were morphologically activated and IL-12 and IFN-${\gamma}$ gene expression were increased. 9. After the normal splenetic cells of BALB/C mice were treated by LH-AS and cultured, the number of $CD4^+$, $CD8^+$, $CD19^+$ activated cells and surface-receptor expression were inhibited when being compared with the control group. Taking all these observations into account, LH-AS injection is considered to be effective in treating arthritis and put to practical use in future arthritis clinic.

• Journal of Pharmacopuncture
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• v.9 no.3 s.21
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• pp.23-35
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• 2006

Objectives : The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of Asthma-depression and Immunoregulation with PR-HAS(Herbal-acupuncture with Platycodi Radix infusion solution) infection at Joksamni(St36) on ovalbumin-induced asthma in mice. Methods : C57BL/6 mice were sensitized and challenged with OVA(ovalbumin) for 12 weeks(once a week). The experimental group(OVA-PR-HA) was treated with concentrations(1%) of PR-HAS at Joksamni(St36) for the later 8 weeks(3times/week). The second experimental group(OVA-Needle prick) was treated with Needle-Prick at Joksamni(St36) for the later 8 weeks(3times/week). Results : 1. The weight and total cells in the mice lung treated with PR-HA decreased significantly compared with that of control group. 2. Total leukocytes and eosinophils in BALF of the mice group treated with PR-HA decreased remarkably compared with those of control group. 3. The sticking of collagen on histological analysis of lung sections, the mice group treated with PR-HA decreased significantly compared with those of control group. 4. The concentrations of IL-4, IL-5, IgE in BALF, and IL-4, IL-5, IL-13 in serum of the mice group treated with PR-HA decreased significantly compared with those of control group. 5. The number of Gr-1+/CD11b+ and CD11b+ cells in the lungs of the mice group treated with PR-HA decreased significantly compared with that of control group. 6. The numbers of CCR3+ cells, CD4+ cells and CD8+ cells in the lungs, and CD3e+/CD69+ in the lungs of the mice group treated with PA-HA decreased significantly compared with those of control group. 7. The mRNA expression of ${\beta}$-actin, TNF-${\alpha}$, IL-4, IL-5, IL-13 in the mice group treated with PR-HA with RT-PCR decreased significantly compared with those of control group. Conclusions : These result suggests that Platycodi Radix Herbal-acupuncture at Joksamni(St36) in C57BL/6mice may be an effictive part to OVA-induced asthma in C57BL/6 mice.

• KSBB Journal
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• v.24 no.6
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• pp.570-578
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• 2009

In vitro biological activities such as antioxidant, whitening, anti-hangover and anticancer activities were evaluated. The antioxidant activities of astaxanthin and H. pluvialis extract were significantly higher than that of $\alpha$-tocopherol when the antioxidant activities were determined as xanthine oxidase inhibition, hydroxyl radical scavenging and DPPH radical scavenging. The whitening effect of H. pluvialis extract was about two times as kojic acid. H. pluvialis extract indicated an anticancer activity on a cervical cancer cell line. Astaxanthin showed anti-hangover effect of 1.5 times as jiguja extract. The anti-hangover effect of the inclusion complex (As-$\beta$-CD) was about 1.2 times of jiguja extract. And, the inclusion complex of Haematococcus pluvialis (H.p.-$\beta$-CD) showed almost the same whitening effect as kojic acid.

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.119-135
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• 2005

Objectives : The aim of this study was to investigate the Asthma-suppressive and Immune-regulatory effect of AF-HA(Aristolochiae Fructus Herbal-acupuncture) at Joksamni(St36) in OVA(ovalbumin) induced asthma mouse model. Methods : C57BL/6 mice were sensitized and challenged with OVA(ovalbumin) for 12 weeks(once a week). The mice in the OVA-AF-HA group were treated with AF-HA at St36 for the later 8weeks(3times/week). The mice in the OVA-Needle-prick group were treated with single prick with an injection needle at St36 for the later 8 weeks(3times/week). Results : 1. The lung weight and the total cells in lung of the mice treated with AF-HA at St36 decreased significantly compared with those of the OVA-control group. 2. Total leukocytes and eosinophils in BALF of the mice group treated with AF-HA at St36 decreased remarkably compared with those of the OVA-control group. 3. The collagen accumulation in lung of OVA-AF-HA group decreased significantly compared with that of the OVA-control group, 4. The concentrations of IL-4, IL-5, IgE in BALF, and IL-4, IL-5, IL-13 in serum of the mice group treated with AF-HA at St36 decreased significantly compared with those of the OVA-control group. 5. The numbers of $Gr-1^+/CD11b^+\;and\;CD11b^+$ cells in lung of the mice group treated with AF-HA at St36 decreased significantly compared with those of the OVA-control group. 6. The numbers of $CCR3^+,\;CD4^+,\;CD8^+\;and \;CD3e^+/CD69^+$ cells in lung of the mice group treated with AF-HA at 5136 decreased significantly compared with those of the OVA-control group. 7. The mRNA expressions of $TNF-{\alpha}$, IL-4, IL-5, IL13 in lung of the mice group treated with AF-HA at St36 decreased significantly compared with those of the OVA-control group. Conclusion : These results suggest that Aristolochiae Fructus Herbal-acupuncture at Joksamni(St36) may be an effictive therapeutic method to treat asthma.

• Journal of Haehwa Medicine
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.147-169
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• 2007

To evaluate the therapeutic effects of BGG on atopic dermatitis, we investigated the composition of immune cells of lymph node, PBMC and skin of Dermatophagoides farinae-induced NC/Nga mice. The levels of immunoglobulins in serum were analyzed at the protein level and the amount of pathologic cytokines were investigated using CD3/CD28 stimulated splenocytes. The results are summarized below; 1. BGG showed no cytotoxic effect up to $200\;{\mu}g/m{\ell}$ on mLFC in vitro. 2. BGG showed no hepatotoxicity in vivo based on the levels of ALT and AST. 3. Atopic dermatitis was improved through naked eye examination. BGG reduced the skin clinical index from 2.9 to 1.3 (p<0.01). 4. H&E and toluidine blue staining of tissue biopsies revealed that BGG inhibited the infiltration of lymphocytes and mast cells to skin. 5. BGG reduced the number of CD19 positive B cells in PBMCs by 16% (p<0.01), whereas cells were increased by 26% (p<0.05) in lymph nodes. 6. BGG reduced the numbers of B220+/CD23+ cells by 15% (p<0.01) and 33% in PBMCs and lymph node, respectively. 7. BGG reduced the numbers of B220+/IgE+ cells in PBMCs and lymph node by 21% and 33% (p<0.01), respectively. 8. BGG suppressed the levels of IgE (13%, p<0.001) as well as IgM (34%, p<0.001), IgG2a (40%, p<0.001) and IgG2b (26%, p<0.05). 9. BGG reduced the levels of IL-4 and IFN-$\gamma$ by 7% (p<0.05) and 13% (p<0.001) in anti-CD3 and anti-CD28-activated splenocytes, respectively. 10. BGG considerably inhibited the production of TNF-$\alpha$ and IL-6 by 42% (p<0.01) and 15% in the serum, respectively. Based on the results above, we concluded that BGG has therapeutic effects on atopic dermatitis by regulating the differentiation of B cells and isotype switching of IgE. Further investigations on the molecular mechanisms of BGG on atopic dermatitis are anticipated.

• Journal of Sasang Constitutional Medicine
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.347-368
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• 2017

The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of Zizyphus jujuba var. spinosa Composite oil(ZjJ-C_oil) and Aralia cordata var. continentalis Composite oil(ARC-C_oil) to NC/Nga mice induced in Atopic dermatitis-like skin lesions by DNCB. NC/Nga mice which have been induced to Atopic dermatitis-like skin lesions by DNCB are divided into 4 groups, the first is the mice which have been spread with izyphus jujuba var. spinosa Composite oil(ZjJ-C_oil), the second is the mice which have been spread with Aralia cordata var. continentalis Composite oil(ARC-C_oil), the third is which have been spread with dexamethasone (Dexa.) 0.5% on their Atopic lesion, the last is the control group. Then We analyzed skin clinical score, blood sample of each group of measure state of the dorsal skin, the number of immunocytes, and resect the skin lesion to anlayze the state of cells. There are meaningful results of measuring the number of IgE, IL-4, IL-13, $IFN-{\gamma}$, IL-5, the total cells in ALN, dorsal skin, CD4+ Th, CD11b+/Gr-1+ in PBMCs, CD4+ Th, B220+/CD23+ in ALN, $CD4^+$, $CD8^+$ Th in dorsal skin, the level of COX-2, $TNF-{\alpha}$, $TGF-{\beta}1$, IL-4, IL-13 mRNA, the state of the skin lesion and cells in the group with ZjJ-C_oil, ARC-C_oil cream in comprarison with the control group.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• v.64 no.5
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• pp.693-704
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• 2021

Objective : Endovascular mechanical thrombectomy (MT) has been regarded as one of the standard treatments for acute ischemic stroke caused by large vessel occlusion. Despite the wide use of stent retrievers for MT, arterial intimal damage caused when deployed stent is pulled has been a certain disadvantage. We hypothesized that statin could protect and stabilize vessel damage after endovascular MT using a stent retriever. In this animal study, we observed the protective effects of the statins towards MT-induced vessel wall injury. Methods : Twenty-eight carotid arteries of fourteen rabbits were used in the experiments with MT using stent retriever. We divided the rabbits into four groups as follows : group 1, negative control; group 2, positive control; group 3, statin before MT; and group 4, statin after MT. After MT procedures, we harvested the carotid arteries and performed histomorphological and immunohistochemical analyses. Results : In histomorphological analysis with hematoxylin and eosin and Masson's trichrome stain, significant intimal thickening (p<0.05) was observed in the positive control (group 2), compared to in the negative control (group 1). Intimal thickening was improved in the statin-administered groups (groups 3 and 4 vs. group 2, p<0.05). We also observed that statin administration after MT (group 4) resulted in a more effective decrease in intimal thickness than statin administration before MT (group 3) (p<0.05). We performed immunohistochemical analysis with the antibodies for tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), cluster of differentiation (CD)11b, and CD163. In contrast to the negative control (group 1), the stained percentage areas of all immunological markers were markedly increased in the positive control (group 2) (p<0.05). Based on statin administration, the percentage area of TNF-α staining was significantly reduced (p<0.05) in group 3, compared to the positive control group (group 2). However, significant differences were not observed for CD11b and CD163 staining. In group 4, no significant differences were observed for TNF-α, CD11b, and CD163 staining (p≥0.05). The differences in the percentage areas of the different markers between the statin-administered groups (groups 3 and 4) were also not revealed. Conclusion : We presented that statin administration before and after MT exerted protective effects towards vessel wall injury. The efficacy of statins was greater post-administration than pre-administration. Thus, statin administration in routine prescriptions in the peri-procedural period is strongly advised.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.324-330
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• 1998

We Previously reported that Polysaccharide Isolated from panax ginseng C. A. Meyer, stimulates murine splenocytes to proliferate and to be cytotoxic against a wide range of tumor cells in MHC non-restricted manner:) Therefore, we examined the cytokine mRNA expression induced by the ginseng polysaccharide in this paper. This study demonstrates that the ginseng polysaccharide stimulates Thl type cytosine expression such as IL-2 and IFNY, and macrophage type cytokine expression such as IL-lc and GM-CSF in a dose-dependent manner at different time: IL-2 mRNA was induced at 30 min, IL-la, GM-CSF mRNA at 3 hr, IFNY at 6 hr after the ginseng polysaccharide treatment. In contrast with these, Th2 type cytokine expression such as IL-4 and IL-5 was not induced. The generation of the ginseng polysaccharide-activated killer cells which was induced at the optimal doses of 50 pEyml was neutralized in the presence of anti-lL-2, anti-lFNy, anti-IL-l ${\alpha}$ antibodies, showing the importance of these cytokines produced by the ginseng polysaccharide. In flow cytometry analysis, the blastogenesis of IgM+ cells was induced on day 3 and the number of Thy 1.21 cells, CD4+ and CD8+ cells was increased on day 5. The ginseng polysaccharide also induced blastogenesis of T cells. In conclusion, the ginseng polysaccharide may have considerable antitumor immunotherapeutic modality by stimulating the cytokine production from Thl cells and macrophage and by proliferating lymphocytes.