• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.21 no.5
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• pp.1099-1107
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• 2007

This study was investigated the anti-allergic effect of SJSBT on DNCB induced atopic dermatitis in NC/Nga mice. We summerized as the follow. SJSBT significantly decreased the clinical manifestations of atopic dermatitis including itching, dryness, edema, hemorrhage, and lichenification in dose dependent manner. SJSBT markedly suppressed invasion and edema of leukocytes and mast cell in dorsal skin and ear tissue. SJSBT significantly reduced the number of CD11b+/Gr-1 cell compared with positive control, but it had no affect the number of CD3+ and CCR3+/CD3+ cell. SJSBT markedly suppressed the expression of cytokine and chemokine such as IL-6, $TNF-{\alpha}$, eotaxin and CCR3 compared with positive control group. SJSBT significantly decreased the invasion of CD4+ and CCR3+ cell in ear and dorsal skin tissue compared with positive control group by using immunohistochemical staining. Taken together, these findings suggested that SJSBT has an anti-allergic activity and this might be useful for the clinical application to treat allergic diseases such as atopic dermatitis.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.36 no.2
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• pp.359-369
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• 1996

An effective candidate subunit vaccine was prepared by using the immunostimulating complexs(ISCOMs) with Quil A and recombinant protein(gp50, gIII and inactive $\alpha$-ADV) Aujeszky's disease virus(ADV). The weaned pigs were twice immunized with a ADV-ISCOMs, and followed by intramuscular challenge with $1{\times}10^4$ $TCID_{50}$ ADV(strain Yangsan). The unvaccinated pigs were also challenged with same dose of ADV. At 5 days after challenge, the control pigs have developed ADV clinical signs. Whereas, the vaccinated pigs protected them from ADV-induced acute symptoms and death. Also, to identify the lymphocyte subpopulation in peripheral blood with pigs from ADV-ISCOMs vaccinated and control group, lymphocyte reacted with a panel of monoclonal antibodies which are specific to swine leukocyte surface antigens and assayed by the flow cytometry. MHC class I, CD2, CD8, N cells, CD11a, and CD45 antigen positive cells were decreased after inoculating virulent ADV Yangsan strain in control group. The data indicated that ISCOMs technique was useful in ADV subunit vaccine preparation and demonstrated the importance of gp50, gIII as a component of ADV vaccine.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.43 no.3
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• pp.369-374
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• 2011

A putative maltogenic amylase gene (DGMA) was cloned from the Deinococcus geothermalis DSM 11300 genome using the polymerase chain reaction. The gene encoded 608 amino acids with a predicted molecular mass of 68,704 Da. The recombinant DGMA was constitutively expressed using the pHCXHD plasmid. As expected, the recombinant DGMA hydrolyzed cyclodextrins and starch to maltose and pullulan to panose by cleaving the ${\alpha}$-(1,4)-glycosidic linkages, as observed for typical maltogenic amylases. Characterization of the recombinant DGMA revealed that the highest maltogenic amylase activity occurred at $40^{\circ}C$ and pH 6.0. The half-life of catalytic activity at $65^{\circ}C$ and $55^{\circ}C$ were 8.2 min and 187.4 min, respectively. DGMA mainly hydrolyzed ${\beta}$-cyclodextrin, soluble starch, and pullulan and its efficient ratio of those substrates was 9:4.5:1.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.85-91
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• 1992

The intestinal microflora of humans is an extraordinarily complex mixture of microorganisms, the majority of which are anaerobic microorganisms. The distribution of amylolytic microorganisms in the human large intestinal tract was investigated in various individuals of differing ages using anaerobic culture techniques. A large percentage of the amylolytic microorganisms present belonged to the Genus Bifidobacteria. The number of Bifidobacteria increased significantly at two years of age. Adults and children above 2 years old carried about $0.8{\times}10^9-2.0{\times}10^{10}$ colony forming units (CFU/gram) of amylolytic Bifidobacteria. Among these amylolytic Bifidobacteria, Int-57 was chosen for further studies. Between 65% and 85% of the amylase produced was secreted and the remaining amylase was bound to the cell wall facing the outside. Amylase production could be induced by starch in a stable form. When cells were grown on maltose or glucose, amylase production was much lower than on starch and amylase activity disappeared after 24 hours growth on these media. Partially purified enzymes showed optimum activity at a temperature of $50^{\circ}C$ and at an optimum pH of 5.5, respectively. Heat treatment at $70^{\circ}C$ for 30 minutes almost completely inactivated amylase. The hydrolysis products of starch were mainly maltose and maltotriose. Soluble starch, amylose, amylopectin, and $\gamma$-cyclodextrin($\gamma$-CD) were easily hydrolyzed. The rate of hydrolysis of $\alpha$-CD and $\beta$-CD was slower than that of $\gamma$-CD. Carboxymethyl cellulose, $\beta$-1, 3-glucan and inulin were not hydrolyzed.

• Korean Journal of Materials Research
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• v.30 no.9
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• pp.447-452
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• 2020

In this work, α-Fe₂O₃ nanocrystals are synthesized by co-precipitation method and used as adsorbent to remove Cr⁶⁺, Cd²⁺, and Pb²⁺ from wastewater at room temperature. The prepared sample is evaluated by XRD, BET surface area, and FESEM for structural and morphological characteristics. XRD patterns confirm the formation of a pure hematite structure of average particle size of ~ 40 nm, which is further supported by the FESEM images of the nanocrystals. The nanocrystals are found to have BET specific surface area of ~ 39.18 m² g^-1. Adsorption experiments are carried out for the different values of pH of the solutions, contact time, and initial concentration of metal ions. High efficiency Cr⁶⁺, Cd²⁺, and Pb²⁺ removal occur at pH 3, 7, and 5.5, respectively. Equilibrium study reveals that the heavy metal ion adsorption of the α-Fe₂O₃ nanocrystals followed Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm models. The Cr⁶⁺, Cd²⁺, and Pb²⁺ adsorption equilibrium data are best fitted to the Langmuir model. The maximum adsorption capacities of α-Fe₂O₃ nanocrystals related to Cr⁶⁺, Cd²⁺, and Pb²⁺ are found to be 15.15, 11.63, and 20 mg g^-1, respectively. These results clearly suggest that the synthesized α-Fe₂O₃ nanocrystals can be considered as potential nano-adsorbents for future environmental and health related applications.

• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.201-210
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• 1996

Predictive tests for the identification of contact sensitizing chemicals have been developed. We measured the sensitization potential with three predictive tests, the in vitro and the in vivo Local Lymph Node Assay(LLNA), ELISA to detect interferon-gamma(IFN-${\gamma}$) from supernatant and flow cytometry to detect change of cell surface proteins, using draining lymph nodes of mice. BALB/c mice were exposed to various chemicals or vehicles on the ears daily for 3 consecutive days in all experiments. With some exceptions of propyl paraben, neomycin sulfate, the in vivo LLNA was able to detect the sensitizing capacity of test chemicals and was more sensitive than the in vitro LLNA for chemicals used in the present study. In another experiment, contact sensitivity was assessed by the ELISA to detect IFN-Υ from the supernatants of the cultured LNCs after sensitization with chemicals. There was a good correlation between the LLNA and the IFN-Υ production for test chemicals. We also examined the change of cell surface proteins on LNCs after sensitization by flow cytometry for some cell adhesion molecules(ICAM-1, E-cadherine, B7 molecule), T cell markers(CD3, CD4, CD8, T$\alpha$$\beta$,T${\gamma}$$\delta$) and B cell markers(LR1, CD45R, I-Ad). The number of ICAM-1 positive cells and B cells in LNCs were increased after sensitization with DNCB, TNCB, isoeugenol and 25%, 50% cinnamic aldehyde compared with that of vehicle as a control. In conclusion, the in vivo LLNA could provide more sensitive screening test for moderate to strong sensitizers and some weak sensitizers including cosmetic raw materials than the in vitro LLNA. The production of IFN-Υ by allergen-activated LNCs might be a values indicators without radioisotopes for the identification of contact allergens. Detection of allergens by testing the increase of ICAM-1 positive cells and B cells in LNCs by flow cytometry might be used as a test method to detect allergens.

• IMMUNE NETWORK
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.116-122
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• 2013

This study was conducted to determine whether CD4 T cell responses to citrullinated fibrinogen occur in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA), especially in HLA-DR4-positive subjects. Whole peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of RA patients and control subjects were stimulated with citrullinated fibrinogen peptides, and T-cell production of proliferation and proinflammatory cytokines, such as interferon-${\gamma}$(IFN-${\gamma}$) and interleukin-17A (IL-17A), were measured. In addition, CD4 T cells from RA patients were stimulated with the citrullinated fibrinogen peptide, $Fib-{\alpha}$ R84Cit, identified as a DRB1*0401-restricted T cell epitope in HLA-DR4 transgenic mice, and the degree of T cell activation was examined similarly. No proliferative responses to the citrullinated fibrinogen peptides were observed in whole PBMCs or CD4 T cells from RA patients. Furthermore, no increased production of IFN-${\gamma}$ or IL-17A was found in whole PBMCs or CD4 T cells stimulated with the citrullinated fibrinogen peptides, although these cells responded to recall antigen, a mixture of tetanus toxoid, purified protein derivative (PPD) from Mycobacterium tuberculosis, and Candida albicans. The results of this study indicate that anti-citrulline immunity in RA patients may be mediated by fibrinogen because there is no evidence of CD4 T cell-mediated immune responses to citrullinated fibrinogen peptides.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.23 no.8
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• pp.1159-1166
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• 2013

Orientia tsutsugamushi, a gram-negative bacterium, causes severe acute febrile illness in humans. Despite this danger, the route of infection, infectivity, and protective mechanisms of the host's immune response to O. tsutsugamushi are unclear. Dendritic cells (DCs) are one of the most important cell types in bridging the innate and adaptive immune responses. In this study, we observed that O. tsutsugamushi infects and replicates in monocyte-derived DCs (MODCs). During infection and replication, the expressions of the cytokines IL-12 and TNF-${\alpha}$, as well as the co-stimulatory molecules CD80, CD83, CD86, and CD40, were increased in MODCs. When O. tsutsugamushi-treated MODCs were co-cultured with autologous $CD4^+$ T cells, they enhanced production of IFN-${\gamma}$, a major Th1 cytokine. Collectively, our results show that O. tsutsugamushi can replicate in MODCs and can simultaneously induce MODC maturation and increase proinflammatory cytokine levels in MODCs that subsequently activate $CD4^+$ T cells.

• Animal Bioscience
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• v.37 no.12
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• pp.2155-2166
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• 2024

Objective: The objective was to investigate growth performance, antioxidant enzyme activity, intestinal morphology, immune cell distribution, short chain fatty acid (SCFA) profile, and microbiota in broiler chickens fed a diet containing Lacticaseibacillus paracasei NSMJ15. Methods: A total of 120 1-day-old Ross 308 male broilers were allocated to 2 dietary treatments in a randomized complete block design. A control group was fed a corn-soybean meal control diet, and an NSMJ15-supplemented group was fed a control diet supplemented with 1 g/kg L. paracasei NSMJ15 at the expense of cornstarch. Each dietary treatment had 6 replicates with 10 birds per cage. Growth performance was recorded on day 9. On day 10, one bird representing median body weight was selected to collect serum for antioxidant enzyme activity, jejunal tissue for immune cell isolation and morphometric analysis, and cecal digesta for 16S rRNA gene sequencing and SCFA analysis. Results: Supplementation of L. paracasei NSMJ15 did not affect growth performance, serum antioxidant enzyme activity, and jejunal histomorphology compared to the control group. In the NSMJ15-supplemented group, the population of CD3+CD4+CD8- T cells increased (p = 0.010), while the population of CD3+CD8+TCRγδ+ T cells decreased (p = 0.022) compared to the control group. The L. paracasei NSMJ15 supplementation decreased (p = 0.022) acetate concentration in the cecal digesta compared to the control group. The 16S rRNA gene sequencing analysis showed that NSMJ15-supplemented group differentially expressed (p<0.05) 10 more amplicon sequence variants compared to control group without affecting alpha and beta diversity indices of the cecal microbiota. Genera Mediterraneibacter and Negativibacillus were positively (p<0.05) correlated with CD4+ T cells, while genera Gemmiger, Coprococcus, Sellimonas, Massilimicrobiota, and Blautia were negatively (p<0.05) correlated with SCFA concentration. Conclusion: The results of the present study suggest dietary L. paracasei NSMJ15 supplementation may increase percentage of CD4+ T cells and decrease acetate concentration in broiler chickens by increasing the differential expression of specific microbial genera.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.298-302
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• 2009

We investigated the anti-obesity effect of berberine in mice fed a high fat diet and focused on the analysis of adipogenesis in epdidymal adipose tissue. Male C57BL/6J mice were divided into three groups, which were fed either a normal diet (Nor), a high fat diet (HFD), or a high fat diet plus orally administered berberine (0.2 g /kg body weight) (HFD+B) for 8 weeks. Relative to mice in the HFD group, mice in the HFD+B group showed significant reductions in weight gain and adipose tissue weight. Serum triglyceride levels in mice from the HFD+B group were significantly lower than those of the HFD mice, as were the levels of serum insulin and leptin. An effect of berberine to reduce epididymal adipose mass was revealed by H&E staining. Berberine inhibited the high fat diet-induced increase in levels of the proteins CD36 and CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein $\alpha$ ($C/EBP{\alpha}$) observed in epididymal adipose tissues of mice from the HFD group. These results suggest that berberine has an anti-obesity effect in mice and that the effect is mediated by inhibition of adipogenesis.