• Development and Reproduction
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.441-449
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• 2013

Recent study showed that T cells in the immune organs and peripheral blood are influenced by estradiol, leading to a dysfunction of the immune system. However, little is known about the thymic-gonadal relationship during the estrous cycle in mouse. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to elucidate the mechanism by which a change in estradiol levels during the estrous cycle regulates the development of T cells in the mouse thymus. Six-week-old ICR mice were used and divided into four groups, including diestrous, proestrous, estrous, and metestrous. We first confirmed that ER-${\alpha}$ and - ${\beta}$ estrogen receptors were expressed in thymic epithelial cells, showing that their expression was not different during the estrous cycle. There was also no significant difference in thymic weight and total number of thymocytes during the estrous cycle. To determine the degree of thymocyte differentiation during the estrous cycle, we analyzed thymocytes by flow cytometry. As a result, the percentage of CD4+CD8+ double-positive (DP) T cells was significantly decreased in the proestrous phase compared to the diestrous phase. However, CD4+CD8- or CD4-CD8+ (SP) T cells were significantly increased in the proestrous phase compared to the diestrous phase. In addition, the percentage of CD44+CD25- (DN1) T cells was significantly decreased in the estrous phase compared to other phases, whereas the percentages of CD44+CD25+ (DN2), CD44-CD25+ (DN3), and CD44-CD25- (DN4) were not changed during the estrous cycle. These results indicate that the development of thymocytes may arrest in the DP to SP transition stage in the proestrous phase displaying the highest serum level of estradiol. This study suggests that a change in estradiol levels during the estrous cycle may be involved in the regulation of thymocyte differentiation in the mouse thymus.

• Journal of Korean Medicine Rehabilitation
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.63-85
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• 2011

Objectives : This study was carried out to know the effects of Danggwisayeokgaohsuyusaenggang-tang(hereinafter referred to DST) on arthritis induced by collagen on DBA/1 OlaHsd mice. Methods : For this purpose, DST was orally administered to mouse with arthritis induced by collagen II. Cytotoxicity, high performance liquid chromatograph(HPLC) analysis, arthritis index, value of immunocyte in draining lymph node and paw joint, cytokine were measured in vivo. Results : 1. The cytotoxicity against human fibroblast cells(hFCs) was not measured in any concentration. 2. In HPLC analysis, There are high peak patterns at 8 minute(min), 12 min, 35 min, 45 min. 3. The arthritis index was decreased significantly. 4. The degree of arthritis induced damage of joint of DST group is slight compared with control group in histopathologic observation(Hematoxylin and eosin stain(H&E), Masson's trichrome(M-T) staining). 5. In total cell counts of draining lymph node(DLN) and paw joint, the cells in DLN decreased significantly on DST 200 mg/kg and the cells in paw joint decreased significantly on 200 mg/kg and 50 mg/kg. 6. In DLN, $CD4^+/CD25^+$, $CD3^+/CD69^+$, major histocompatibility complex(MHC), class-II/$CD11c^+$ cells decreased significantly on DST 200 mg/kg and 50 mg/kg $CD3^+/CD8^+$ cells decreased significantly on DST 200 200 mg/kg, $CD4^+$, $CD3^+/CD44^+$ cells decreased. 7. In paw joints, $CD4^+$, $CD11b^+/Gr-1^+$ cells decreased significantly on DST 200 mg/kg and 50 mg/kg. 8. In joints, levels of $IL-1{\beta}$, IL-6, $TNF-{\alpha}$, cyclo-oxygenase-2(COX-2), NOS-II were decreased on DST 200 mg/kg and DST 50 mg/kg. 9. In analysing of cytokine in CD3/CD28 activated spleen, IL-17 was decreased significantly, IL-4 was increased significantly $INF-{\gamma}$ was decreased on DST 200 mg/kg. 10. In analysing of cytokine in collagen activated spleen, IL-17 were decreased significantly, IL-4 was increased significantly. Conclusions : This results demonstrated that DST suppressed the inflammatory progression of collagen-induced arthritis(CIA) mice and supported further studies are required to survey continuously in looking for the effective substance and mechanism in the future.

• Proceedings of the Korean Nuclear Society Conference
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• 2005.10a
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• pp.765-766
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• 2005

• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.4 no.4
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• pp.180-185
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• 2001

Al and Cd-induced inhibition of vitellogenin (VTG) production was examined at the estrogen receptor (ER) level in rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss hepatocytes. The binding of $[^3H]$ $estradiol-17\beta\;(E_2)$ to hepatocytes reached a plateau 3 days after addition of $E_2\;(2\times\;10^{-6} M)$to the medium. The binding activity was linearly reduced with the increased concentrations $(-10^{-5}\;M)$ of 4-hydroxy-tamoxifen (4-OHT) and specific binding linearly increased with the increased doses of $[^3H]\;E_2$, indicating that the radioligand bound to ER. Al $(-10^{-4}\;M)$and Cd $(10^{-6}\;M)$ as well as 4-OHT $(10^{-6}\;M)$ significantly reduced the $[^3H]\;E_2$-binding activity by $30­40\%$, while they completely inhibited VTG production. Al and Cd had no effect on $E_2-human$ $ER\alpha$ binding activity at any concentrations used $(-10^5\;nM\;each)$. These results suggested that Al and Cd inhibited VTG production in part by interfereing with the ER level. Inhibitory effects of these metals on the $E_z-dependent$ upregulation of ER activity are also discussed.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.53-56
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• 2007

We have fabricated organic white light emitting diodes by mixing two colors from very thin rubrene doped and non-doped DPVBi layers. The device structure was ITO/2-TNATA(15 nm)/${\alpha}$-NPD(35 nm)/DPVBi:rubrene(5 nm)/DPVBi(30 nm)/$Alq_{3}(5\;nm)$/BCP(5 nm)/LiF(0.5 nm)/Al(150 nm). The yellow-emitting rubrene of 0.7 wt % was doped into the blue-emitting DPVBi host for the white light. CIE coordinate of the device was (0.31, 0.33) at 8 V. The color coordinates were stable at wide ranges of driving voltages. The luminance was over $1,000\;cd/m^{2}$ at 8 V and increases to $14,500\;cd/m^{2}$ at 12 V. The maximum current efficiency of the device was 8.2 cd/A at $200\;cd/m^{2}$.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.274-281
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• 1996

A bacterium producing Cyclodextrin Glucanotransferase (CGTase) and Cyclodextrinase (CDase) was isolated from soil, and named as Bacillus stearothermophilus KJ16. The growth of the isolated strain occurred in two steps, and syntheses of CGTase and CDase were dependedt on the growth cycle of the cell. CGTase was constitutively synthesized during the 1st growing phase, while CDase was synthesized inducibly during the 2nd growing phase. When the midium pH was controlled at 7.0 the maximum enzyme activities of CGTase and CDase were increased by 12-fold (1300 mU/ml) and 2-fold (225 mU/ml), respectively, compared with the pH-uncontrolled batch culture. The CGTase of the isolate converted soluble starch to CDs with the ratio of $\alpha$-CD:$\beta$-CD:$\gamma$-CD=42:46:12 at $55^{\circ}C$.The optimal pH and temperature of CGTase were 6.0 and $60^{\circ}C$, respectively and the optimal pH and temperature of CDase were 6.0 and $55^{\circ}C$. The molecular weights of the purified CGTase and CDase were estimated to be 65, 000 and 68, 000 dalton, respectively. Among several substrates, $\gamma$-CD was most rapidly hydrolyzed by the purified CDase.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.279-285
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• 2000

CRP (cyclic AMP receptor protein) regulate transcription of catabolite-sensitive genes in Escherichia coli. Wild-type and mutant CRP (S83G and S128A) proteins were used to measure the thermal stability and the temperature-dependent structural change by proteolytic digestion, UV spectrophotometer and CD spectrapolarimeter. The result indicated that wild-type CRP was more thermally stable than the mutant CRPs in the presence of cAMP. At a low temperature, wild-type CRP with cAMP was more sensitive to subtilisin than the mutant CRPs. At a high temperature, there was no difference of sensitivity to subtilisin among wild-type, S83G and S128A CRPs. CD spectra suggested that the secondary structure of CRP was destroyed partially at a high temperature.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.32 no.7
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• pp.781-786
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• 1999

This study was designed to investigate the effects of vitamin E supplementation on radical scavenger activity and immune responses in female judo athletes(n=18). The age and sex matched sedentary students were used as controls(n=15). The initial plasma vitamin E concentration, lipid peroxide level and radical scavenger activity (RSA) were not different between two groups. The supplementation of $\alpha$-tocopheryl acetate(400IU/d) for 4 weeks significantly increased plasma vitamin E concentration of the subjects in both groups. In addition, the decrease in thiobarbituric acid reactive substance(TBARS)(p<0.05) and enhancement of RSA(p<0.05) were observed in both groups. Percentages of total T-cells in the athletic group was lower than that in the control group(p<0.05). However, the ratio of CD4 / CD8(helper T-cal $l^pressor T-cell) was higher in the sports group, due to more decrease in CD8 subset than in CD4 subset. The concentrations of IgG and IgM in the sports group were significantly lower than those in the control group(p<0.05). Therefore, severe training of the athletic group seems to be associated with the changes of supplementation. In conclusion, vitamin E supplementation (400IU/d, 4 weeks) of the female university students improved antioxidative activities of the blood, by decreasing lipid peroxide and enhancing radical scavenger activity. Percentages of T lymphocytes and IgG and IgM concentrations in the athletic group were lower than those in the control group. Meanwhile, vitamin E supplementation had no effects on immune status in both groups.ps.

• 한국생물공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2000.11a
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• pp.191-193
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• 2000

A whole-cell biocatalyst was constructed by immobilizing an enzyme on the surface of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The gene encoding Bacillus macerans cyclodextrin glucanotransferase(CGTase) was fused with the AGA2 gene encoding a small peptide disulfide-linked to the aga1, a cell wall protein of a-agglutinin. The plasmid was introduced S. cerevisiae and expressed in the medium consisting of 10g/L yeast extract, 20g/L peptone, and 20g/L galactose. The activity was detected with the formation of cyclodextrin(CD) from 10g/L soluble starch. Surface display of CGTase was also verified with the halo-test, flow cytometry, and immunofluorescence microscopy. The recombinant S. cerevisiae produced ${\alpha}-cyclodextrin$ more efficiently than the free CGTase by simultaneous fermentation and cyclization as yeast consumes glucose and maltose which are inhibitors for CD synthesis.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.551-554
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• 2008

An improved HPLC method for the separation of madecassoside isomers (madecassoside and asiaticoside-B) has been developed. The isomers can be separated with high resolution from extracts of Centella asiatica by HPLC using $\beta$-cyclodextrin as a mobile phase added on a $C_{18}$ column. The result shows that the isomers can be separated with a mobile phase consisting of methanol:water (50:50, v/v) with 4 mmol/L $\beta$-CD. To elucidate the mechanism of the separation of madecassoside and asiaticoside-B, this paper studied the separation of their aglycon parts (madecassic acid and terminolic acid), another pair of isomers. The isomers can also be separated with high resolution with a mobile phase consisting of methanol:water (65:35, v/v) with 4 mmol/L $\beta$-CD and the pH of the mobile phase was adjusted to 4. The paper also studied the separation of the two isomers by HPLC using $\alpha$-CD and Glucosyl-$\beta$-CD as a mobile phase additive in order to elucidate the mechanism of the separation process.