• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
• /
• v.5 no.4
• /
• pp.211-216
• /
• 1974

시판(市販) ${\ulcorner}$김${\lrcorner}$의 유리(遊離) 지방산(脂肪酸)을 20% DEGS (diethyleneglycol succinate) 칼람을 장치(裝置)한 가스 크로마토그라피를 사용하여 separation factor 및 oxymereuration-demercuration법(法)을 이용(利用)함으로써 23종(種)의 지방산(脂肪酸)을 확인(確認)하였으며, 가스 크로마로그람의 면적(面積)으로부터 그들을 각각 정량(定量)하였다. 진기(珍奇)한 산(酸)은 존재(存在)하지 않았으며, $C_{22}F{\times}1,\;C_{26}$, oleic acid, palmitic acid가 거의 60%를 차지했다. Oxymercuration-demercuration법(法)에 의(依)하여 분리(分離)된 불포화 지방산(脂肪酸)중에서 $C_{13}F{\times}1,\;C_{18}F{\times}1,\;C_{20}F{\times}1$는 명명(名名) 두 개(個)의 기하이성체(幾何理性體)가 존재하는 것으로 추정(推定)된다. 쇄상 포화 지방산(脂肪酸) 및 $F{\times}1$ 및 $F{\times}2 $의 쇄상 불포화 지방산(脂肪酸)은 $R_{USEVA}-A_{TANSONA}$ 및 $M_{URRAY}$등이 언급(言及)한 바와 같이 지방산(脂肪酸)의 탄소수(炭素數)에 대해서 $t_R\;(retention time)$을 semi-log plot를 하였을때 직선(直線)을 주었다.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Groundwater Environment
• /
• v.6 no.3
• /
• pp.107-110
• /
• 1999

18 boreholes with nitrate contaminated were selected. Samples were collected 4 times between both 1995 and 1996. Stable nitrogen isotope ratio for them all was measured and the contribution to contamination from several sources like fertilizer, sewage, cropland. and landfill was analysed. Nitrogen source for 11 sampling sites of T-3, L-1. O-1∼O-4, F-2∼F-5, and G-2 considered to come from chemical fertilizer and its contribution was around 60% or more. T-4. T-5 were located downward the downtown, which were influenced bydomestic sewage and its contribution were 70.7% and 54.7%. Nitrate concentration of G-2 was 17.7 mg/L, among which 60.7% was estimated to come from landfill leachate. T-1 and T-2 were located in the small village, in which 42.2 and 43.4% of nitrogen was to come from domestic sewage but 52.8% and 56.0% were from fertilizer sprayed in the cropland. L-2 was near livestock by which it was estimated to be influenced, in which 59.9% of nitrogen was from cropland. F-1 was in the cropland, by which 50.0% was influenced and 49.5% was estimated from organic matter of animals.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers Conference
• /
• 1995.11a
• /
• pp.18-21
• /
• 1995

In this study, crystallization, water swelling and dielectric properties of Li$_2$O-MgO-MgF$_2$-SiO$_2$System glass ceramics were investigated. Base glass melted at 1450$^{\circ}C$ and crystallized through heat treatment. The optimum heat treatment schedule was 460$^{\circ}C$ for nucleation and 640$^{\circ}C$, 1100$^{\circ}C$ for crystallization. The Principle crystalline phase was lithium fluorhectorite. Lithium fluorhectorite was the crystal phase which it was influenced water swelling. Samples progressed 2 minutes later they have rapid hydration at forced water swelling condition. Also value of dielectric constants have approximately 10 at 100kHz.

• Journal of Korean Medicine Rehabilitation
• /
• v.18 no.2
• /
• pp.1-15
• /
• 2008

Objectives : The aim of this study was to know the immunity response of Haedongpibokhap-bang($H{\check{a}}it{\acute{o}}ngp{\acute{i}}f{\grave{u}}h{\acute{e}}-f{\bar{a}}ng$) to rheumatoid arthritis in collagen-induced arthritis(CIA) mice. Methods : For this purpose, Haedongpibokhap-bang($H{\check{a}}it{\acute{o}}ngp{\acute{i}}f{\grave{u}}h{\acute{e}}-f{\bar{a}}ng$) was orally administerd to mice with arthritis induced by collagen II and then value of immunocyte in spleen, draining lymph node and paw joint and cytokine(IL-6, $TNF-{\alpha}$), rheumatoid factor (IgG and IgM) in serum were measured. Results : 1. The arthritis index was significantly decreased. 2. In total cell counts of spleen, DLN and paw joint, the cells in spleen decreased while there was a significant increase in DLN and significant decrease in paw joint. 3. In lymph nodes, CD3+, CD3+/CD69+, CD4+, CD8+ cells increased significantly. 4. In joints, CD3+ and CD11+b/Gr-1+ cells decreased significantly. 5. Serum IL-6 and $TNF-{\alpha}$ were decreased significantly. 6. Production of serum IgG and IgM decreased significantly. Conclusions : The results present that Haedongpibokhap-bang($H{\check{a}}it{\acute{o}}ngp{\acute{i}}f{\grave{u}}h{\acute{e}}-f{\bar{a}}ng$) controls abnormal activity of immune system, inhibitig collagen-induced arthritis(CIA).

• International Journal of Oral Biology
• /
• v.49 no.1
• /
• pp.1-9
• /
• 2024

Oral bacterial infections substantially affect the development of various periodontal diseases and oral cancers. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying the association between Fusobacterium nucleatum (F. nucleatum ), a major periodontitis (PT)-associated pathogen, and these diseases require extensive research. Previously, our RNA-sequencing analysis identified a few hundred differentially expressed genes in patients with PT and peri-implantitis (PI) than in healthy controls. Thus, in the present study using oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) cells, we aimed to evaluate the effect of F. nucleatum infection on genes that are differentially regulated in patients with PT and PI. Human oral squamous cell carcinoma cell lines OSC-2O, HSC-4, and HN22 were used. These cells were infected with F. nucleatum at a multiplicity of infection of 100 for 3 hours at 37℃ in 5% CO₂. Gene expression was then measured using reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction. Among 18 genes tested, the expression of CSF3, an inflammation-related cytokine, was increased by F. nucleatum infection. Additionally, F. nucleatum infection increased the phosphorylation of AKT, p38 MAPK, and JNK in OSC-20 cells. Treatment with p38 MAPK (SB202190) and JNK (SP600125) inhibitors reduced the enhanced CSF3 expression induced by F. nucleatum infection. Overall, this study demonstrated that F. nucleatum promotes CSF3 expression in OSCC cells through p38 MAPK and JNK signaling pathways, suggesting that p38 MAPK and JNK inhibitors may help treat F. nucleatum-related periodontal diseases by suppressing CSF3 expression.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Integrative Medicine
• /
• v.4 no.3
• /
• pp.93-100
• /
• 2016

Purpose : The purpose of this research is to measure the correlations among sleep quality, depression and department satisfaction in the students enrolled in the nursing college located in the B city. Method : 268 students enrolled in the nursing college located in the B city participated in this research from the 1st May 2016 to the 31st May 2016. SPSS 18.0 was applied to the collected data to calculate the frequency, percentage, average and standard deviation. In addition, t-test, ANOVA, Scheffe test and Pearson correlation coefficient were used for the analysis. Result : The result of the average sleep quality, depression and department satisfaction in the nursing college students were measured to be $2.41{\pm}0.57$, $3.59{\pm}0.50$ and $3.56{\pm}0.57$ respectively. The sleep quality based on the general characteristics indicated a significant difference when applied to the health status(F=4.46, p=.012). The depression indicated a significant difference when applied to the living with parents(t=-2.18, p=.030) and relationship with friends(F=8.62, p=.000). The department satisfaction indicated a significant difference when applied to the grade(F=3.45, p=.017), personality(F=3.46, p=.033), and reason for applying for their department(F=2.49, p=.044). As a result of analyzing the correlations among sleep quality, depression and department satisfaction in the nursing college students, the sleep quality indicated a negative correlation with the depression(r=-.528, p=.000) and a positive correlation with the department satisfaction(r=.144, p=.018). The depression indicated a negative correlation with the department satisfaction(r=.119, p=.051). Conclusion : It is necessary to conduct a replication research by increasing the number of the research subjects. In addition, it is necessary to conduct a systematic research on the factors influential on sleep quality, depression and department satisfaction in order to develop a program capable of enhancing the sleep quality and decreasing the depression.

• Journal of Korean Foot and Ankle Society
• /
• v.18 no.3
• /
• pp.119-123
• /
• 2014

Purpose: This study was designed to evaluate the clinical efficacy of temporary K-wire fixation in F-plate fixation for displaced intra-articular calcaneal fractures. Materials and Methods: Two groups (group 1 with F-plate fixation only and group 2 with temporary K-wire fixation and F-plate fixation) of patients were included in this study. The temporary K-wire was removed six weeks after the operation. Each group consisted of 33 cases. Rotational axis angles were measured radiographically and the foot and ankle outcome score (FAOS) was used for clinical assessment. Results: In group 1, the mean rotational axis angle was reduced from $27^{\circ}$ preoperatively to $5.59^{\circ}$ postoperatively and the angle at last follow-up was $9.94^{\circ}$. There was an increase in angle of $4.35^{\circ}$ between postoperative and the last follow-up measurement. In group 2, the mean rotational axis angle was reduced from $21.2^{\circ}$ preoperatively to $4.39^{\circ}$ postoperatively and the angle at last follow-up was $5.91^{\circ}$. There was an increase in angle of $1.52^{\circ}$ between postoperative and the last follow-up measurement. Significant difference in the changes of rotational axis angle was observed between the two groups. However, no significant difference in FAOS was observed between the two groups. Conclusion: Temporary K-wire fixation can prevent reduction loss when treating displaced intra-articular calcaneal fractures with an F-plate.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
• /
• v.12 no.10
• /
• pp.4418-4424
• /
• 2011

This study is aimed to assess the effect of the gamma ray of 511keV energy which is emitted from phantom where the positron emission radionuclide was injected on X-ray CT image. As a scanning method, the CT number and pixel value of the reference image where water was injected(0 mCi), and those acquired by changing the capacity of 18F(Fluorine), positron emission radionuclide, into 1 mCi, 2 mCi, 5 mCi, and 10 mCi were measured. As a result of measuring the CT number(HU) of the phantom image where the positron emission radionuclide($^{18}F$) was injected, there were reference water ($-7.58{\pm}0.66$ HU), 1 mCi($-9.85{\pm}0.50$ HU), 2 mCi($-10.27{\pm}0.21$ HU), 5 mCi($-11.31{\pm}0.66$ HU), and 10 mCi($-13.47{\pm}0.38$ HU). Compared with the image where it was filled with water, there was a reduction of 5.89 Hu in 10 mCi, 3.73 in 5 mCi, 2.69 HU in 2 mCi, and 2 HU in 1 mCi. As for the pixel value of the phantom image, there were reference water ($-2.70{\pm}0.75$), 1 mCi($-4.72{\pm}0.58$), 2 mCi($-6.01{\pm}0.78$), 5 mCi($-6.10{\pm}0.84$), and 10 mCi($-8.20{\pm}0.60$). Compared with the reference image, there was a reduction of 5.50 in 10 mCi, 3.40 in 5 mCi, 3.10 in 2 mCi, and 2.02 in 1 mCi. Through this experiment, it was indicated that, with the increase in the dose of the positron emission radionuclide($^{18}F$), the CT number and the pixel value of the image reduced proportionally, and the width of reduction showed a similar value, too. Accordingly, according to the degree of change in X-ray CT image due to the positron emission radionuclide in the quality control item of PET/CT, the proper standard should be established and it should be periodically managed.

• Journal of radiological science and technology
• /
• v.41 no.2
• /
• pp.135-140
• /
• 2018

In this study, the dose of antimony shielding sheet was measured and the shielding rates according to the distance between the radioisotopes and the detector was analyzed according to the type of $^{99m}Tc$, $^{18}F$, $^{201}Tl$, $^{131}I$, $^{123}I$ using the antimony shielding sheet. The detector was used with an inspector. Six sheets of 0.25 mmPb were prepared with 20 cm width and length. Measurement results using $^{99m}Tc$, $^{201}Tl$, and $^{123}I$ showed that as the thickness of the sheet became thicker, the farther the distance from the source to the sheet was, the smaller the transmitted dose amount was measured. It was analyzed that a thickness of 1.50 mm or more was required to obtain a shielding rates of 90% or more. In the experiments of $^{18}F$ and $^{131}I$, the dose value was highest when 0.25 mm sheet was used, and the shielding rates was negative, unlike the results of other radioisotopes. Since $^{201}Tl$ are used when using antimony sheet and $^{18}F$ and $^{131}I$ have no shielding effect, it is thought that it is effective to reduce dose by repeating training and simulation training so that work can be done in a short time.

• Journal of muscle and joint health
• /
• v.18 no.2
• /
• pp.203-214
• /
• 2011

Purpose: The purpose of the study was to identify the effects for 4-weeks muscle strengthening exercise program on pain, fatigue, and physical function(muscle strength of leg, walking competence, balance, flexibility of patella) in elderly women with total knee arthroplasty(TKA). Method: Utilizing a quasi-experimental design, 30 TKA patients consisted of the experimental group (n=15) and control group (n=15). The experimental group participated in the muscle strengthening exercise program, twice a day for 4 weeks. Data were analyzed with SPSS WIN 18.0 program, using repeated measure ANOVA. Result: As time goes by, There were significant differences in muscle strength of leg (F=6.60, p<.001), walking competence(F=7.15, p<.001), and balance(F=17.55, p<.001) between the experimental and the control groups. Conclusion: The findings of this study revealed the positive effects of muscle strengthening exercise program in elderly women with TKA.