• Phonetics and Speech Sciences
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.135-145
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• 2010

This study investigates the differences in mean F0, intensity, jitter, and shimmer across hearing aid, gender, and vowels. For this study, 18 hearing-impaired children, 18 cochlear implanted children, and 18 normal hearing children as a control group were asked to read seven Korean vowels (/$\alpha$, $\wedge$, o, u, w, i, $\varepsilon$/). Subjects' readings were recorded by NasalView and analyzed by Praat. Results showed that the means of F0 were significantly higher in the hearing impaired group than in the normal hearing group; in the female group than in the male group; and in high vowels than in low vowels. Second, intensity was significantly higher in the hearing impaired group than in the normal hearing group; in the female group than in the male group; and in low vowels than in high vowels. Third, jitter was significantly higher in the normal hearing group than in the hearing impaired group; in the female group than in the male group; and in back vowels than in front vowels. Finally, shimmer was significantly higher in the CI group than in the normal hearing group or the hearing aided group; in the male group than in the female group; and in low vowels than in high vowels.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Radiology
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• v.16 no.5
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• pp.603-609
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• 2022

The dose distribution in the human body was evaluated and analyzed through dosimetry data using water phantom, ionization chamber and simulated by Monte Carlo simulation for ^99mTc and ¹⁸F sources, which are frequently used in the nuclear medicine in this study. As a result of this study, it was found that the dose decreased exponentially as the distance from the radioisotope increased, and it particularly showed a tendency to decrease sharply when the radioisotope was separated by 5 cm. It means that a large amount of dose is delivered to an organ located within 4 cm of source's movement path when a source uptake in the human body. Numerically, it was formed in the rage of 0.16 to 2.16 pC/min for ^99mTc and 0.49 to 9.29 pC/min for ¹⁸F. In addition, the energy transfer coefficient calculated using the result was found to be similar to the measured value and the simulation value in the range of 0.240 to 0.260. Especially, when the measured data and the simulation value were compared, there was a difference is within 2%, so the reliability of the data was secured. In this study, the distribution of radiation generated from a source was calculated to quantitatively evaluate the internal dose by radioisotopes. It presented reliable results through comparative analysis of the measurement value and simulation value. Above all, it has a great significance to the point that it was presented by directly measuring the distribution of radiation in the human body.

• Journal of IKEEE
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.234-240
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• 2013

This paper presents an incremental delta-sigma analog-to-digital converter (ADC) for a single-electrode capacitive touch sensor. The second-order cascade of integrators with distributed feedback (CIFB) delta-sigma modulator with 1-bit quantization was fabricated by a $0.18-{\mu}m$ CMOS process. In order to achieve a wide input range in this incremental delta-sigma analog-to-digital converter, the shielding signal and the digitally controlled offset capacitors are used in front of a converter. This circuit operated at a supply voltage of 2.6 V to 3.7 V, and is suitable for single-electrode capacitive touch sensor for ${\pm}10-pF$ input range with sub-fF resolution.

• Journal of Korean Foot and Ankle Society
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.175-180
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• 2012

Purpose: To evaluate the radiological and clinical results after open reduction and internal fixation with calcaneal F plate and locking calcaneal plate using lateral extensile approach in the treatment of intra-articular calcaneal fracture Materials and Methods: This study included 34 cases of 33 patients followed up for at least 6 months postoperatively. F plate was applied in 18 cases (Group 1), locking plate was used in 16 cases (Group 2) and compared radiological and clinical results between two groups. Results: Radiollogically, the mean Bohler angle was improved from $5.5^{\circ}$ preoperatively to $20.1^{\circ}$ postoperatively and $18.8^{\circ}$ at the last follow up in group 1 and $8.6^{\circ}$ preoperatively, $21.4^{\circ}$ postoperatively and $20.3^{\circ}$ at last follow up in group 2. Bone union was observed in all cases and 4 cases of screw loosening were noted in Group 1 with extended fracture to anterior process. At the last follow up, both groups showed clinical results in American orthopedic foot and ankle society ankle hindfoot score, 76(77 in Sanders type II and 75 in type III) in group 1 and 72(73 in type II and 70 in type III) in group 2. Conclusion: F plate and locking plate showed firm fixation and satisfactory clinical results in the treatment of intra-articular calcaneal fracture. We suggest applying locking plate in cases with extended fracture to anterior process, considering screw loosenings in those who were treated with F plate fixation.

• 대한핵의학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2003.11a
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• pp.18.2-18.2
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• 2003

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.37 no.1
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• pp.53-58
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• 1998

Comparative studies on some ecological characteristics of three phytoseiid mitespecies (one native; Arnblyseius womersleyi Schica, and two introduced species; A. fallacis Garmanand Typhlodromus occidentalis Nesbit) were carried out. The two-spotted spider mite (Tetranychusurticae Koch) was supplied as prey. Under four constant temperatures of 20, 23, 25 and 30f OS$^{\circ}$C,duration of growth from egg to adult for A. womer.vleyi was 11.5, 7.7, 6.7 and 5.6 days. While twoother species needed slightly shorter time but not significantly different. Critical temperature andeffective degree-days (DD) of A. womerslevi females were 83$^{\circ}$C and 1 1 1.6 DD, whereas those of A..fallacis were 10.7"C and 86.0 DD, and those of 7: occidentalis were 10.7"C and 94.1 DD. Also, thoseof males were similar to their females. Average longevity of females of A. womersleyi, A. fallucisand 7: occidentalis were 18.2 k 8.67, 19.6 3~7.18 and 13.0f5.66 days, total fecundity were 34.3 $-11.93, 39.8k 12.64 and 23.6k8.86, respectively. Under four constant temperatures of 20, 23, 25 and30-t0.S$^{\circ}$C, A. womersleyi consumed 9.1 f2.49, 9.7 k2.00, 9.7 f 2.61, and 10.3 k2.33 eggs of 7:urticae throughout their development. A. ,fizlluc~i.sc onsumed 10.2 k 2.52, 9.7 f2.29, 10.7 f 2.37 and10.1 k2.62 eggs, while, 7: occidentalis consumed 1 1.9 k3.43, 14.2 f4.50, 14.8 k 3.2 1 and 12.7 f2.95 eggs, respectively. Gravid females of A. womersleyi, A. f~zllacis and 7: occidentalis consumed11.4f1.59, 12.5k1.43 and 11.7k3.07 eggs, or consumed 11.9f 2.63, 12.4k3.82, and 12.5f 3.73protonymphs of 7: urticae in a day at 25-30$^{\circ}$C.e in a day at 25-30$^{\circ}$C.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.33 no.2
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• pp.641-646
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• 2012

We used the hybrid density-functional (B3LYP/6-31G(d,p)) method to analyze the substitution patterns of $C_{20}H_{18}X_2$ derivatives (X = F, Cl, Br, or OH) obtained as disubstituted $C_{20}H_{20}$ cages. Our results suggest that the cis-1 regioisomers (1,2-dihalo derivatives) are less stable than the trans-1 regioisomers (1,20-dihalo derivatives), whereas in the case of the dihydroxy derivatives, the cis-1 regioisomer is more stable than the trans-1 regioisomer. This implies that in the dihalo-induced strain cages of $C_{20}H_{18}X_2$, the strain effect would affect the relative energies, while in the dihydroxide, the hydrogen bonds have a stronger effect on the relative energies in cis-1 regioisomer than the strain effect do. Thus this supports the experimental result in which the bisvicinal tetrol was of particular preparative-synthetic interest as a substitute for the lacking bisvicinal tetrabromide. Further, the topologies of the HOMO and LUMO characteristics of all $C_{20}H_{18}Cl_2$ and $C_{20}H_{18}Br_2$ regioisomers with the same symmetry are same, but they are different from those of $C_{20}H_{18}F_2$ and $C_{20}H_{18}(OH)_2$. This indicates that the five regioisomers of each $C_{20}H_{20}$ disubstituted derivative will have an entirely different set of characteristic chemical reactions.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers Conference
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• 2005.07a
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• pp.363-364
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• 2005

LTCC(low temperature co-fired ceramics)용 glass/ceramic 복합체를 제조하기 위해 3종류 의 glass를 선정하고 filler로 $Al_2O_3$ 와 $TiO_2$를 사용하여 glass frit에 따른 소결 및 유전 특성에 대하여 조사하였다. Glass frit은 lead-borosilicate(PBS), zinc-borosilicate(ZBS), bismuth-borosilicate(BBS) glass 조성을 사용하였고 1100~$1400^{\circ}C$에서 melting시킨 후 quenching하여 frit화하였다. $Al_2O_3$와 $TiO_2$ filler에 10~50 vol%로 glass frit을 각각 혼합한 후 600~$950^{\circ}C$에서 2시간 동안 소결한 결과 50 vol% glass frit 일 때 $900^{\circ}C$ 이하에서 소성이 가능하였다. 유전특성은 $900^{\circ}C$에서 $Al_2O_3$-50vol%PBS($\varepsilon_{r}$=8.8, $Q{\times}f_o$=4,900, $\tau_f$=-24), $Al_2O_3$-50vol% ZBS($\varepsilon_{r}$=5.7, $Q{\times}f_o$=17,800, $\tau_f$=-21), $Al_2O_3$-50vol%BBS($\varepsilon_{r}$=11.1, $Q{\times}f_o$= 2,080, $\tau_f$=-48), $TiO_2$-50vol%PBS($\varepsilon_{r}$=18.6, $Q{\times}f_o$=3,800, $\tau_f$=+135), $TiO_2$-50vol%ZBS($\varepsilon_{r}$=36.4, $Q{\times}f_o$= 7,500, $\tau_f$=+159), $TiO_2$-50vol%BBS($\varepsilon_{r}$=56.4, $Q{\times}f_o$=520, $\tau_f$=+119)을 나타내었다. 따라서 LTCC용 기판재료 및 마이크로파 유전체로 응용이 가능한 것으로 확인되었다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.5 no.3
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• pp.481-485
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• 1992

In order to upgrade native sheep, Rambouillet (R) rams were mated to Kaghani (K) ewes to generate F1 ($R{\times}K$) crossbred ewes. Crossbred ewes were backcrossed to Rambouillet rams to produce B1 ($R{\times}F1$), B2 ($R{\times}B1$) and B3 ($R{\times}B2$) genotypes. Weaning weight of 2605 lambs and wool weight of 2378 mature ewe records, representing R, K, F1, B1, B2 and B3 genotypes, were analyzed to compare genetic variation among genotypes produced during upgrading process and identify genotypes of the highest performance. Performance of Rambouillets was also evaluated under semi-temperate climate. Data were adjusted for yearly variation considering Rambouillet as a control. Genotypes influenced lambs weaning weight (p<.01). B1 lambs were heaviest (18.4 kg) followed in order by B2, F1, B3, R and K lambs (18.3, 17.9, 16.9, 16.8 and 13.2 kg, respectively). The highest wool production was 2.5 kg from R ewes followed by B2 (2.3), B3 (2.3), F1 (2.0) and K (1.2) ewes (p < .01). Ewe mating weight, reproduction, growth and wool production of Rambouillets deteriorated significantly after the first decade of their importation. Compared with the first phase (1959-1971), ewe mating weight, litter size, birth weight, lamb weaning weight and wool production declined by 20, 23, 32 and 36%, respectively, in the second phase (1972-1988).

• The Korean Journal of Nuclear Medicine Technology
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.50-54
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• 2010

Purpose: The uptake of $^{18}F$-FDG is often observed in normal cell of colon to patients who have non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus and had taken anti-diabetic drugs including Metformin in PET/CT scan. In this study, the region of colon was compared between the patients who took anti-diabetic drugs including Metfomin and other patients who took the other anti-diabetic drugs through SUV measurements. Materials and Methods: A hundred eighty patients were studied. 120 patients who have non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (Including Metformin: 60, Excluding Metformin: 60) and 60 patients as a control group were composed. The patient fasted at least 6 hours before receiving an intravenous injection of 370-592 MBq (10-16 mCi) of $^{18}F$-FDG. Scanning from the base of the skull though the mid thigh was performed using the Discovery STe PET/CT Equipment (GE Healthcare, Milwaukee, WI, USA). The highest uptake region was measured SUV among ascending, transverse and descending colon. Results: The values of patients who took the anti-diabetic drugs including Metformin were $6.16{\pm}3.64$ g/mL, $4.41{\pm}2.94$ g/mL, and $5.46{\pm}2.44$ g/mL. The patients who took the anti-diabetic drugs which does not have Metformin were $3.05{\pm}1.39$ g/mL, $2.08{\pm}0.97$ g/mL and $3.15{\pm}1.85$ g/mL. The control group were $2.02{\pm}0.88$ g/mL, $1.68{\pm}0.87$ g/mL and $2.19{\pm}1.88$ g/mL. Conclusion: The effect of the intake of Metformin was observed from the SUV on region of large bowel in this study. Thus, it could be helpful for the results by identifying the ingredient of anti-diabetic drug before the examination and the possibility of interpretation of false positive will be reduced.