• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제27권2호
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• pp.217-224
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• 2014

A total of 150 growing ducks were assigned to five dietary treatments to study the effect of sea tangle and charcoal (STC) supplementation on growth performance and meat characteristics in a completely randomized design. There were six replicates and five ducklings in each replication. The five dietary treatments were control, antibiotic, and 0.1%, 0.5%, and 1% STC supplemented diets. No significant differences were found on ADG, ADFI, and gain:feed among treatments in different weeks. The overall (0 to 3 weeks) ADFI decreased in antibiotic treatment (p<0.05) whereas the gain:feed increased significantly upon 1.0% STC supplementation compared to control (p<0.05). No significant variation was found in meat chemical composition except crude fat content which was high in 1.0% STC dietary group (p<0.05). Meat cholesterol was reduced in 0.1% STC group (p<0.05) compared to other dose levels while serum cholesterol was unaffected. High density lipoprotein (HDL) content was high in 1.0% STC (p<0.05) and low density lipoprotein (LDL) was low in 0.1% and 1.0% STC dietary groups (p = 0.06). No significant effect was found on the thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) of fresh meat, whereas the TBARS value of meat preserved for 1 week was reduced significantly in STC dietary groups (p<0.05). The 0.1% STC dietary group showed an increased myristic acid (p = 0.07) content whereas, the content of eicosapentaenoic (EPA) and docosahexaenoic (DHA) acids increased in STC supplementation than antibiotic group (p<0.05). An increased concentration of omega-3 fatty acids and a reduced ratio of n-6/n-3 PUFA ratio was found upon 1.0% STC supplementation compared to antibiotic dietary group (p<0.05). Therefore, 1.0% STC dietary supplementation can be used as alternatives to antibiotics in duck production.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제22권9호
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• pp.1311-1319
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• 2009

An experiment was conducted to determine the effects of soybean oil supplementation replacing tallow in pig diets at different stages of growth. One hundred and twenty crossbred (Landrace${\times}$Yorkshire${\times}$Duroc) pigs weighing 18 kg on average were selected. Pigs were randomly allotted to 12 pens of 10 pigs (5 pigs of each sex) each. Three pens were assigned to each of the four treatments: TA; tallow diet, TA-SO-80; switched from tallow to soybean oil diet at 80 kg average body weight, TA-SO-45; switched from tallow to soybean oil diet at 45 kg average body weight, and SO; soybean oil diet. Treatment SO was significantly lower in ADG than tallow diets (TA, TA-SO-80 and TA-SO-45) during the grower period (18 to 45 kg). However, treatment SO showed greatest compensation in ADFI and ADG during the finisher-2 period (after 80 kg body weight). ADFI and ADG and Gain/Feed for the total period were not significantly different among treatments. Loin area, back fat thickness, firmness and melting point of back fat were not significantly different. The levels of total cholesterol and low density lipoprotein+very low density lipoprotein cholesterol in serum were significantly lower in treatment SO than in treatments TA-SO-45, TA-SO-80 and TA. The level of serum triglyceride linearly increased as the length of the tallow feeding period increased. Serum immunoglobulin-G (IgG) level was significantly higher in the soybean oiltreatment than in other treatments. Major fatty acid composition of short rib muscle and back fat were significantly influenced by treatments. Contents of ${\alpha}$-linolenic acid (C18:3) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA, C22:6) linearly increased as the soybean oil feeding period increased. In conclusion, soybean oil can be supplemented to the diet of pigs without significant effects on growth performance and carcass characteristics. The level of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), especially $\omega-3$ fatty acids in the carcass was increased by soybean oil supplementation.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제25권10호
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• pp.1419-1429
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• 2012

A series of studies were carried out to investigate the supplemental effects of dietary garlic extracts (GE) on whole body amino acids, whole body and muscle free amino acids, fatty acid composition and blood plasma changes in 6 month old juvenile sterlet sturgeon (Acipenser ruthenus). In the first experiment, fish with an average body weight of 59.6 g were randomly allotted to each of 10 tanks (two groups of five replicates, 20 fish/tank) and fed diets with (0.5%) or without (control) GE respectively, at the level of 2% of fish body weight per day for 5 wks. Whole body amino acid composition between the GE and control groups were not different (p>0.05). Among free amino acids in muscle, L-glutamic acid, L-alanine, L-valine, L-leucine and L-phenylalanine were significantly (p<0.05) higher in GE than in control. However, total whole body free amino acids were significantly lower in GE than in control (p<0.05). GE group showed higher EPA (C22:6n3) and DHA (C22:5n3) in their whole body than the other group (p<0.05). In the second experiment, the effects of dietary garlic extracts on blood plasma changes were investigated using 6 month old juvenile sterlet sturgeon averaging 56.5 g. Fish were randomly allotted to each of 2 tanks (300 fish/tank) and fed diets with (0.5%) or without (control) GE respectively, at the rate of 2% of body weight per day for 23 d. At the end of the feeding trial, blood was taken from the tail vein (n = 5, per group) at 1, 12, and 24 h after feeding, respectively. Blood plasma glucose, insulin and the other serological characteristics were also measured to assess postprandial status of the fish. Plasma glucose concentrations (mg/dl) between two groups (GE vs control) were significantly (p< 0.05) different at 1 (50.8 vs 62.4) and 24 h (57.6 vs 73.6) after feeding, respectively, while no significant difference (p>0.05) were noticed at 12 h (74.6 vs 73.0). Plasma insulin concentrations (${\mu}IU$/ml) between the two groups were significantly (p<0.05) different at 1 (10.56 vs 5.06) and 24 h (32.56 vs 2.96) after feeding. The present results suggested that dietary garlic extracts could increase dietary glucose utilization through the insulin secretion, which result in improved fish body quality and feed utilization by juvenile sterlet sturgeon.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• 제7권3호
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• pp.265-272
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• 2002

In this study, we examined the effects of dietary fatty acids on the fatty acid composition of phospholipid fractions in regions of the brain and on behavioral development in rats. The Sprague Dawley rats were fed the experimental diets 3~4 wks prior to the conception. Experimental diets consisted of 10% fat(wt/wt) which were from either safflower oil (SO, poor in $\omega$3 fatty acids), mixed oil MO, P/M/S ratio : 1:1.4:1, $\omega$6/$\omega$3 ratio = 6.3), or mixed oil supplemented with vitamin E (+500 mg/kg diet). At 3 and 9 weeks of age, frontal cortex (FC), corpus striatum (CS), hippocampus (H), and cerebellum (CB) were dissected from the whole brain. The fatty acid content was determined in the different phospholipid fractions: phosphatidylcholine (PC), phosphatidyl-serine (PS), and phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) in the rat brain regions. In the visual discrimination test, the order of the cumulative errors made in Y-water maze test were SO > MO > ME. This suggested that the balanced diet supplemented with vitamin I had the most beneficial effect on learning ability. The overall characteristics of correlation between fatty acids and behavior development were that the frequency of cumulative errors were negatively correlated significantly with monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs), ie., 18:1 $\omega$9 and 22:1 $\omega$9. Docosa-hexaenoic acid (22:6 $\omega$3) of PS in frontal cortex (FC) was negatively correlated with the number of errors made in the Y-water maze test.22:5 $\omega$6 PS in hippocampus (H), PC and PE in corpus striatum (CS), PC in cerebellum (CB) were positively correlated with cumulative errors. And these errors were negatively correlated with 20:4 $\omega$ 6 of PE in corpus striatum (CS) and PC in cerebellum (CB). Especially, O1eic acid (18:1 u 9) in all phospholipid fractions (PC, PS, PE) of hippocampus was negatively correlated with the number of errors. These findings demonstrate that the MUFAs were might be essential for proper brain development, especially in hippocampus which is generally thought to be the regions of memory and learning.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• 제1권2호
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• pp.188-195
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• 1993

In order to understand the machanism of action and regulation of ${\beta}$-adrenergic receptor in terms of molecular level, the purification of receptor protein has a fundamental importance. Moreover, species differences among avian, amphibian and mammalian ${\beta}$-adrenergic receptors make it more important to purify mammalian ${\beta}$-adrenergic receptor. Because ${\beta}$-adrenergic receptor is an integral membrane protein, it must be solubilized from the membrane for the purification. The purpose of the present study was to solubilize and characterize the mammalian $\beta$-adrenergic receptor from guinea pig lung in quantities by more efficient and practical method eventually to purify receptor. Guinea pig lung membrane preparation was solubilized by sequential treatment of buffers containing low and high concentration of digitonin which are 0.2 and 1.2% respectively. About 50% of the total receptor pool was released by this double extraction procedure. The $\beta$-adrenoceptors in the digitonin extract were identified using the ${\beta}$-adrenergic antagonist, (-)-[$^3H$]-dihydroalprenolol ([$^3H$]DHA). The solubilized receptor retained all of the essential characteristics of membrane-bound receptor, namely saturability; stereoselectivity; high affinity to ${\beta}$-adrenergic drugs. For the measurement of soluble receptor activity, Sephadex G-50 chromatography method has been widely used. Inspite of its accuracy and wide acceptance, this technique employed troublesome column work which required long time to assay the activity of receptor. We employed another methods to measure receptor activity. When using 0.5% polyethylenimine pretreated GF/B glass fiber filter, filtration technique could be used to measure soluble receptor activity. This technique enabled us to reduce the total amount of time to assay by a factor of 4 as well as to detect soluble receptor. In the present study, we could establish more efficient and practical solubilization method of mammalian $\beta$-adrenergic receptor. The rapidity and high yield of this solubilization scheme, together with the favorable recovery of the receptor activity, are significant steps toward the ultimate purification of the mammalian $\beta$-adrenergic receptor. The result of this study together with more convenient purification method could provide large amount of purified receptor with ease for various research purposes.

• 수산해양교육연구
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• 제27권5호
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• pp.1447-1456
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• 2015

넙치, 참돔 및 조피볼락을 이용하여 새로운 가공식품을 개발하기 위한 기초적인 자료를 얻기 위해 이화학적 특성을 조사한 결과를 요약하면다음과 같다. 넙치, 참돔 및 조피볼락의 일반성분의 경우 수분함량은 각각 78.3, 73.2 및 79.2%, 조단백질함량은 14.8, 19.2 및 18.5%, 조지방함량은 1.5, 6.4 및 1.2%, 조회분은 0.6, 1.1 및 0.6%였다. pH는 각각 6.41, 6.32 및 6.53이었으며, 염도는 각각 0.6, 0.7 및 0.6이었다. 색차의 경우 넙치, 참돔 및 조피볼락의 명도(L값)는 각각 42.47, 41.70 및 43.09, 적색도(a값)는 각각 -3.07, 0.24 및 -1.87, 황색도(b값)는 각각 3.86, 6.25 및 3.59, 색차(${\Delta}E$값)는 각각 54.57, 55.40 및 53.83이었다. 넙치, 참돔 및 조피볼락의 총아미노산 함량은 각각 13,003.7, 17,126.0 및 16,398.3 mg/100 g이었고, glutamic acid가 각각 1,694.7(13.0%), 2,496.1(14.6%) 및 2,089.5(12.7%) mg/100 g으로 가장 많은 함량이었다. 시료의 총유리아미노산 함량은 각각 173.0, 195.5 및 162.9 mg/100 g이었으며, 넙치 및 조피볼락은 lysine이 각각 30.4(17.6%) 및 43.3(26.6%) mg/100 g, 참돔은 alanine이 40.2(20.6%) mg/100 g으로 가장 많은 함량이었다. 무기질의 경우 모든 시료에서 K이 각각 383.8, 404.3 및 335.8 mg/100g으로 가장 많았다. 넙치의 경우 포화지방산, 단일 불포화지방산 및 다가 불포화지방산이 각각 29.3, 19.1 및 51.1%, 참돔의 경우 각각 14.5, 15.7 및 69.8%, 조피볼락의 경우 각각 12.7, 15.0 및 72.3%를 차지하였다. 넙치, 참돔 및 조피볼락에서 n-3계 지방산인 ${\alpha}$-linolenic acid는 각각 0.7, 1.0 및 0.7%, EPA는 각각 6.8, 7.1 및 6.7%, DHA는 각각 15.2, 15.2 및 17.1%를 차지하였다. 관능검사 결과 넙치, 참돔 및 조피볼락의 색 및 냄새에서는 유의적인 차이가 없었으나, 맛 및 조직감에서는 유의적인 차이가 있었다.

• Environmental Engineering Research
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.188-195
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• 2016

$17{\alpha}$-Ethynylestradiol (EE2) has gotten growing concerns due to its widely detected in the environment and high estrogenic potency. However, the knowledge on the photochemical behaviors of EE2 in natural waters is still limited. Herein, the photodegradation and estrogenic potency variation of EE2 induced by nitrate were studied using a sunlight simulator consisted by a 300 W medium pressure mercury lamp and 290 nm cut-off filters. It was found that EE2 could be photodegraded at a rate of $0.0193h^{-1}$ in pure aqueous solutions, and the photodegradation of EE2 could be significantly promoted by nitrate. The photodegradation removal rate of EE2 was increased from 9% in Milli-Q water to 85% in 2.0 mM nitrate solutions. Reactive species scavenging experiments demonstrated that the photogenerated $HO{\bullet}$ contributed about 55% to EE2 degradation. Fe(III), Cl- and dissolved humic acid (DHA) could inhibit the photodegradation of EE2 by competing the incident light and photogenerated $HO{\bullet}$, while $HCO_3{^-}$ had no influence on EE2 photodegradation. EE2 was determined to be phototransformed into organic chemicals without estrogenic potency by GC-MS and MCF-7 cell proliferation toxicity tests. These findings could extend our knowledge on the photochemical behaviors of steroid estrogens and provide information for ecological risk assessment.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• 제33권3호
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• pp.153-160
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• 2006

유전체 연구란 목적하는 유전체의 구조를 밝히고 가지고 있는 모든 유전자의 기능 및 진화과정을 망라하여 이해하고자 하는 것이다. 계통발생학상 애기장대와 연관되어 있는 Brassica rapa는 채소, 유지 및 사료로 이용되는 중요한 작물의 하나이다. Brassica rapa의 유전체 연구를 착수하는 데는 적합한 유전학적 재료 및 유전체 재료가 있어야 한다. 우리는 배추 (Brassica rapa spp. pekinensis)를 재료로 하여 표준 mapping 집단을 개발하여, 78계통으로 구성된 DH집단과 약 250 계통으로 구성된 RI집단을 개발하였다. 2가지 제한효소 (HintIII, BamHI)를 이용해 세균인공염색체 (BAC) library (KBrH, KBrB)를 만들었고, 이들은 각각 56,592개와 50,688개의 클론으로 구성되어 있다. 또한 배추의 각기 다른 부위를 이용하여 만든 22가지의 cDNA library를 이용하여 평균 575bp의 길이를 가지는 104,914개의 EST 분석을 실시 하였다. 세계적으로 'Multinational Brassica Genome Project (MBGP)' 조직이 구성되었고 배추의 전 염기서열 분석을 하기로 2003년 결정되었다. 그 첫 단계로 104,914개의 BAC 클론의 BAC-end 염기서열분석이 제안되어 2006년 9월 5개국 공동 프로젝트로 추진하여 완성하게 되었다. 이러한 BAC-end 염기서열분석의 결과는 유전자의 염기서열 해석, 및 풍부하게 존재하는 반복염기서열 DNA를 분석함으로써 배추의 유전체 구조를 이해할 수 있는 실마리를 주었다. BAC 클론의 전체 염기서열분석은, 비록 단편 내에 유전자의 결실이 변화무쌍하게 일어나지만 배추 DNA 단편이 유전체에서 광범위하게 삼중복으로 존재함을 나타냈다. 이러한 BAC-end 염기서열을 아기장대 염기서열에 비교하여 629개의 종자 BAC을 선정하게 되었고, 이들의 염기서열 분석을 완성하였다. MBGP에서는2단계로서 배추의 전 유전체 염기서열 분석을 추진하게 되었고, 유전자지도에 위치한 종자 BAC을 이용하여 인접한 BAC 클론을 찾아 염기서열 분석하는 BAC-to-BAC 방법을 추진하고 있으며 8개국에서 참여하여 현재 염기서열 분석을 추진 중 이다. 최근에 각 국에서는 생물정보학기법을 활용한 염기서열 분석 기반에 대하여 많은 토론이 진행되고 있다. 앞으로 다양한 유전체 정보가 축적됨에 따라 배추의 유전체 구조를 이해하고 농업적으로 적용하고자 하는데 기여를 할 것이다.

• 한국가금학회지
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• 제41권1호
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• pp.53-59
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• 2014

본 실험에서는 시중에서 주로 유통되고 있는 2종의 토종닭인 HH종과 WD종 닭고기를 비교하기 위해 일반 육계(BR)와 더불어 육질 및 관능 특성을 분석하였다. 토종닭 내에서 HH종의 가슴육만 일반 육계보다 다소 낮은 지방함량을 보였다. 육색에서는 가슴육과 다리육 두 부위 모두에서 HH종의 명도($L^*$)와 적색도($a^*$)가 WD종보다 유의적으로 높게 나타났다(p<0.05). 항산화력 측정을 위한 DPPH 라디칼 소거능과 pH가 WD종이 HH종보다 유의적으로 높았다(p< 0.05). 가슴육에서 C18:1은 일반 육계가 다른 두 품종의 토종닭보다 유의적으로 높았다(p<0.05). 대표적인 n-3 지방산인 C18:3의 경우, WD종이 HH종보다 유의적으로 높았으며(p<0.05), C20:4와 C22:6의 경우, 토종닭이 일반 육계에 비해 약 2.5배이상 높은 조성을 보였다(p<0.05). 관능평가 맛 부분에서는 가슴육에서 WD종이 일반 육계나 다른 HH 토종닭보다 유의적으로 우수한 수치를 보였다(p<0.05). 특히 WD종의 연도가 다른 품종에 비해 매우 우수한 것으로 나타났으며(p<0.05), 전체적인 기호도에서도 WD종이 유의적으로 높은 점수를 보였다(p<0.05). 국내에서 대표적으로 시판되는 토종닭 2품종의 품질 및 관능 특성은 요인별로 유의적 차이를 보이기도 했으며(p<0.05), 이를 바탕으로 소비자 기호에 적합한 새로운 품종의 토종닭 개발을 위한 기초 자료 활용이 가능할 것이다. 그러나 육질 특성은 품종 이외에도 급여한 사료 및 사양 방식에 따라 다른 것이므로, 보다 많은 시료 수를 바탕으로 한 추가적인 연구가 요구된다.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제31권6호
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• pp.559-567
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• 2021

태종대 구역별 바람맥이, 굴통머리, 참물개, 조홍택, 고래등 구역에서 채취한 자연산 돌미역의 총 플라보노이드 함량을 비교한 결과 굴통머리 구역에서 채취한 돌미역의A+M 및 MeOH 추출물들의 총 플라보노이드 함량이 각각 1.44±0.04 mg/g 및 0.66±0.13 mg/g으로 5종 돌미역들 중 총 플라보노이드 함량이 가장 높았다. 지방산 조성분석 결과 굴통머리 돌미역은 30.1%의 n-6 지방산 및 10.0%의 총 n-3 지방산을 함유하였고 5종 돌미역 중 가장 높은 다가불포화지방산(polyunsaturated fatty acids, PUFA)을 함유하였다. 5종 돌미역 추출물들의 DPPH 및 ABTS 라디칼 소거능을 비교했을 때 모든 돌미역 A+M 추출물에 의한 소거활성이 MeOH 추출물보다 높았고 그 중 굴통머리A+M 추출물에 의한 소거능 활성이 가장 높았다(p<0.05). 5종 돌미역A+M 및 MeOH 추출물을 0.05 및 0.025 mg/ml의 농도로 인체 섬유육종세포(HT-1080)에 처리하여 세포 내 활성산소종을 측정한 결과 모든 추출물들은 측정시간 120분이 지남에 따라 높은 세포 내 활성산소종 생성 억제효과를 나타내었다. 바람맥이 및 굴통머리 구역에서 채취한 돌미역A+M 추출물에 의한 활성산소종 생성 억제효과가 높았다(p<0.05). 이상의 결과로부터 굴통머리 구역의 돌미역이 높은 함량의 플라보노이드 및 페놀 함량을 나타내었고 이러한 높은 함량은 세포내 활성산소종 생성 억제효과 및 DPPH 소거능과 상관성이 있다고 여겨지며 또한 굴통머리 구역 돌미역은 높은 함량의 EPA와 DHA를 함유하고 있어 향후 해조류유래 n-3 지방산 활용 기능성 식품 혹은 지역 대표 수산식품으로 개발 가능할 것으로 기대된다.