• KIPE Magazine
• /
• v.24 no.1
• /
• pp.60-65
• /
• 2019

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
• /
• v.31 no.2
• /
• pp.108-111
• /
• 2014

A 7-year-old spayed female domestic shorthair cat was referred for chronic intermittent vomiting. The frequency of vomiting increased recently, and the cat showed anorexia at presentation. There were no remarkable abnormalities on the blood analyses and diagnostic imaging. However, the endoscopic examination revealed focal erosions of the gastric body mucosa, and subsequent multiple biopsies were obtained. Histopathologic examination indicated mild to moderate lymphocytic gastritis. The vomiting was completely disappeared 7 days after the administration with prednisolone (PDS). However, because of side effects caused by the long-term PDS administration, cyclosporine was added on the prescription with tapered dose of PDS. The dog's condition improved with continued cyclosporine treatment, and no further vomiting and anorexia episodes have been noted. This case describes the successful management with administration of cyclosporine in feline lymphocytic gastritis.

• The Journal of the Acoustical Society of Korea
• /
• v.37 no.5
• /
• pp.285-291
• /
• 2018

In the present study, flow characteristics and wind noises around the sunroof opening are analyzed variation with panoramic sunroof deflector angle. A mesh deflector is attached to reduce wind noise while a car is driving with the panoramic sunroof opening. A new forward inclined type deflector was invented to improve wind noise. The effect of this new concept of mesh deflector on the open-panoramic flow characteristics and wind noises were studied with CAT (Computer Aided Test) and wind tunnel test, which shows the reduction of open-panoramic wind noises such as sunroof buffeting, sunroof booming, and turbulent noise. Therefore, the forward inclined type deflector can efficiently improve wind noise with the same production cost.

• Korean Journal of Microbiology
• /
• v.31 no.4
• /
• pp.274-278
• /
• 1993

Overproduced proteins in many cases result in forming insoluble inclusion bodies, and their formation might be due to high concentration of protein. To investigate how proteins become insoluble, chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (CAT) and .betha.-lactamase were overproduced, and their solubilities and activities were determined. CAT was accumulated from 9 to 45% of total cellular protein in a fully soluble form without inclusion body formation. CAT specific activity was shown to be proportional to the amount of the protein produced. Moderately produced .betha.-lactamase by the phase T7 expression system at 30.deg.C comprised only mature forms in a soluble form. However, overproduced .betha.-lactamase at 37.deg.C became insoluble. Most precursor forms of .betha.-lactamase in the cytoplasm were insoluble, whereas majority of the mature forms in the periplasm space were soluble. Also, chaperone GroE proteins which assist proper protein folding and translocation did not increase .betha.-lactamase solubility significantly under the experimental condition. It seems that the formation of inclusion bodies in the cell is related to the nature of protein itself rather than just to high concentration of protein.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
• /
• v.20 no.6
• /
• pp.1524-1529
• /
• 2006

The fruits of Cornus officinalis have been used in traditional Oriental medicine for treatment of inner ear diseases, such as tinnitus and hearing loss. In the present study, we showed that the ursolic acid obtained from Corni fructus protected HEI-OC1 auditory cells from hydrogen peroxide cytotoxicity in a dose-dependent fashion. In addition, to investigate the protection mechanism of ursolic acid on hydrogen peroxide cytotoxicity toward HEI-OC1, we measured the effects of ursolic acid on lipid peroxidation and activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione peroxidase (GPX) in hydrogen peroxide treated cells. Ursolic acid (0.05 - 2 ${\mu}g/ml$) had protective effect against the hydrogen peroxide-induced HEI-OC1 cell damage and reduced lipid peroxidation in a dose-dependent manner. Pre-treatment with ursolic acid significantly attenuated the decrease in activities of CAT and GPX, but SOD activity was not affected by the ursolic acid or hydrogen peroxide. These results indicate that ursolic acid protects hydrogen peroxide-induced HEI-OC1 cell damage through inhibition of lipid peroxidation and induce the antioxidant enzymes CAT and GPX.

• Journal of Veterinary Science
• /
• v.22 no.6
• /
• pp.67.1-67.7
• /
• 2021

Background: Chlamydophila felis, formerly known as Chlamydia psittaci var. felis, is frequently associated with ocular, respiratory, and occasionally reproduction tract infections. Even though the infection is sometimes asymptomatic, it potentially results in a latent immunosuppressive infection. Objective: This study aimed to identify occurrences of feline chlamydophilosis, rarely reported in cats in Indonesia. Methods: The observation was conducted in three cats with clinical signs of Cp. felis infection, particularly relapsing conjunctivitis. The cats' histories were recorded based on owners' information. Conjunctival swabs were sampled for cytology examination and molecular assay detection. A phylogenetic tree was generated using MEGA-X software to reveal group clustering. A post-mortem examination was performed on the cat that died during an examination. Results: Cp. felis was detected in both cytological examination and polymerase chain reaction assay. The phylogenetic tree demonstrated that the Cp. felis isolated in this study clustered with several other isolates from the other countries. Cp. felis can be isolated from cats with different clinical manifestations and levels of severity. The chronic fatal infection demonstrated interstitial broncho-pneumonia under histopathological examination. Conclusions: Molecular assay of Cp. felis is always recommended to obtain a definitive diagnosis of feline chlamydophilosis since the disease can have various clinical manifestations. Even though it may be subclinical and is often not fatal, an infected cat may be a carrier that could spread the pathogen in the surrounding environment. Serious disease management is suggested to avoid high costs associated with regularly relapsing disease.

• Toxicological Research
• /
• v.35 no.3
• /
• pp.249-255
• /
• 2019

Cadmium is a strong toxic heavy metal which presents in paints and liquid wastes and causes oxidative stress in fish. On the other hand, lead is widely used for different purposes, e.g. lead pipes, it targets vital organs such as liver and kidney causing biochemical alterations. The present study evaluates the effects of 60 days exposure to Cd and Pb either single or combined together in African catfish. Sixty-four fishes were divided into 3 groups and exposed to $CdCl_2$ (7.02 mg/L) or $PbCl_2$ (69.3 mg/L) or a combination of them along with control group. Activities of acid phosphatase (ACP), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G-6-PDH) were estimated. Moreover, gill, liver and kidney were assayed for activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and levels of glutathione (GSH) and malondialdehyde (MDA). Individual exposure showed that both Cd and Pb significantly decreased LDH activity and SOD activity in the kidney. Pb significantly increased G-6-PDH activity and decreased GSH level in the gill. CAT activity in liver and kidney elevated significantly on Cd exposure while lead caused a significant depletion in the liver and significant elevation in the kidney. Both Cd and Pb significantly increased MDA levels in liver and kidney while Pb increased its level in gills. The combined exposure resulted in normalization of LDH, G-6-PDH activity, and CAT activity in liver and kidney as well as GSH level in both tissues and MDA in gill and kidney. The combination increased SOD activity and MDA level in liver and decreased SOD activity in kidney and GSH level in gills. In conclusion, the antioxidant system of African catfish was adversely affected by prolonged exposure to Cd and Pb. The combined exposure caused less damage than individual exposure and returned most parameters to those of controls.

• Ocean and Polar Research
• /
• v.43 no.3
• /
• pp.141-148
• /
• 2021

Microplastic contamination in waterbodies is a growing source of concern for researchers and other stakeholders. We investigated oxidative stress and toxicity in goldfish (Carassius auratus) in response to exposure to 1-㎛ diameter micro-polystyrene (MP) at concentrations of 0, 10, 100, and 1000 beads/mL (MP 0, MP 10, MP 100, and MP 1000 groups) for 7 d (at day 0, 1, 3, 5, and 7). We analyzed the survival rates; superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) mRNA expression levels in the liver; SOD and CAT activity in the plasma; caspase-3 mRNA expression in the liver; and the levels of hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) in plasma. Terminal transferase dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) assays were also conducted to determine apoptosis levels in the liver. All fish in the MP 1000 group died by day 7 and the MP 100 group had a lower survival rate than the MP 10 and MP 0 groups. The mRNA expression as well as SOD, CAT, and caspase-3 activity levels were increased significantly with increases in MP concentration and exposure time. Finally, according to the TUNEL assay, more apoptosis was observed in the MP 1000 group at day 5 than in other groups. In summary, MP concentrations above 100 beads/mL caused death and oxidative stress to goldfish. We conclude that MP can cause oxidative stress and apoptosis in goldfish, which leads to death.

• Imaging Science in Dentistry
• /
• v.47 no.1
• /
• pp.11-15
• /
• 2017

Purpose: This study was performed to investigate the intra- and inter-observer variability in linear measurements with axial images obtained by PreXion (PreXion Inc., San Mateo, USA) and i-CAT(Imaging Sciences International, Xoran Technologies Inc., Hatfield, USA) CBCT scanners, with different voxel sizes. Materials and Methods: A cylindrical object made from nylon with radiopaque markers (phantom) was scanned by i-CAT and PreXion 3D devices. For each axial image, measurements were taken twice in the horizontal(distance A-B) and vertical (distance C-D) directions, randomly, with a one-week interval between measurements, by four oral radiologists with five years or more experience in the use of these measuring tools. Results: All of the obtained linear measurements had lower values than those of the phantom. The statistical analysis showed high intra- and inter-observer reliability (p=0.297). Compared to the real measurements, the measurements obtained using the i-CAT device and PreXion tomography, on average, revealed absolute errors ranging from 0.22 to 0.59 mm and from 0.23 to 0.63 mm, respectively. Conclusion: It can be concluded that both scanners are accurate, although the linear measurements are underestimations, with no significant differences between the evaluators.

• Toxicological Research
• /
• v.23 no.4
• /
• pp.347-352
• /
• 2007

The protective effects of Rubus coreanum Miquel (RCM) extract against LPS-induced hepatotoxicity were studied in rats. Squrague-Dawley rats were intraperitoneally administered the RCM at 100 mg/kg per day for three weeks. Then single dose of LPS (5 mg/kg) was injected into rats. Four hours later, they were anesthesized with ether and dissected. We examined the levels of glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase (AST), glutamate pyruvate transaminase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) in sera, superoxide dismutase (SOD) in mitochondrial fraction and catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx) in liver homogenate. LPS-treatment markedly increased the levels of AST, ALT, ALP, LDH and significantly decreased those of SOD, CAT and GPx. But RCM-pretreatment decreased the levels of AST, ALT, ALP and LDH by 57.9%, 37.4%, 62% and 69% respectively and increased those of SOD, CAT and GPx by 82.9%, 64.2% and 96.7% respectively. Subsequently, the protective effects of RCM was evaluated through histopathological examination of liver tissue. The LPS treatment increased the state of necrosis and cirrhosis surrounding the central veins (CV) and sinusoid, but RCM-treatment decreased the state of necrosis and cirrhosis in the liver tissue. These results demonstrated that protective effects of RCM against LPS-induced hepatotoxicity.