Firefighters frequently face distressing scenes that heighten their risk of psychological disorders, such as post-traumatic stress disorder and sleep disturbances. In this study, we aimed to compare the meaning in life among firefighters by the number of service years and gender. We surveyed 511 firefighters using a modified Meaning-in-Life Scale (PIL). Statistical analyses were conducted to assess differences in meaning in life scores across different service periods and between genders. Significant differences were noted in meaning in life based on years of service: years 1-5 (M=5.49), 6-10 (M=5.07), 11-15 (M=5.07), 16-20 (M=5.23), 21-25 (M=4.92), 26-30 (M =5.30), and more than 31 years (M=4.94). Post-hoc analysis indicated that 1-5 years of service showed higher levels of meaning in life, compared to 21-25 and more than 31 years of service. No statistically significant differences between women (M=5.32) and men (M=5.21) were observed. Based on these survey results, we propose measures such as reviewing retirement age policies, implementing multifaceted evaluation processes, and promoting communication between senior and junior personnel to enhance the meaning in life among firefighters.

This study analyzed a survey of emergency medical technicians nationwide from August 22 to December 31, 2023, regarding the level of depression in emergency medical technicians. The overall level of depression of the subjects was 2.43 points, which was between not at all (2 points) and normal (3 points) (out of 5 points). Specifically, the sub-items I felt bothered by things that I didn't normally mind (M = 3.06), Everything I did felt difficult (M = 2.46), and I felt I was not as capable as other people (M = 2.41) showed high scores. The F value identifying factors affecting depression was 3.58 (P < 0.01), and the adjusted R value was 0.072. It was confirmed that the factor influencing depression was class. In other words, the lower the class, the higher the depression. These results are consistent with the results of previous studies in which firefighters and fire chiefs were found to have the highest level of depression awareness by rank, with firefighters showing the highest level of depression. The results of this study have important academic significance in that they analyzed the level of depression among emergency medical technicians, which has been academically neglected.

According to the Korea Road Traffic Authority, an average of 543.3 traffic accidents occurred per day in 2023, resulting in seven double fatalities and 777.5 injuries. When a traffic accident occurs, fire officials are dispatched to carry out a series of processes, including on-site safety measures and patient transport. These processes are not separate but form a cohesive system. If even one element of this system is compromised, ensuring the patient's survival becomes difficult. Fire officials perform safety management tasks upon arrival at the scene, following the Disaster Scene Standard Operation Procedure (SOP) and On-Site Safety Management Standard Guideline (SSG). First aid at the scene is administered based on patient classification using the Korean Pre-Hospital Emergency Patient Classification Tool (Pre-KTAS), implemented by the Fire and Disaster Management Agency in 2024.This study theoretically examines the procedure for handling traffic accident patients using the Korean Pre-Hospital Emergency Patient Classification Tool, referring to various documents and materials from the Fire and Disaster Management Agency. We hope that the findings will be applied to actual traffic accident scenes by firefighters and contribute significantly to saving lives. Furthermore, future studies should integrate the SOP, SSG, and Pre-KTAS into specific traffic accident cases to enhance practical applicability

This study analyzes survey data on firefighters' perceptions of their conversion to national civil servants, focusing on differences by gender, position, and rank. The survey was conducted nationwide from July 28 to December 10, 2024, with 216 firefighters participating. Respondents answered 10 items on a 5-point Likert scale ranging from "not at all" (1 point) to "very much" (5 points). The reliability analysis yielded a Cronbach's alpha of .907, exceeding the standard threshold of 0.6, indicating strong internal consistency in the measurement data. The overall satisfaction with the conversion to national civil servants averaged 2.50, falling between not (2 points) and average (3 points). In particular, satisfaction was high regarding the uniformity of the command structure and the reduction of regional differences in the fire budget. However, satisfaction with the decrease in administrative workload was relatively low. Satisfaction levels varied significantly by gender, with female firefighters reporting particularly low satisfaction with salary and administrative workload. By position, paramedics expressed low overall satisfaction with nationalization, whereas firefighters reported higher satisfaction. Finally, satisfaction with the transition to national firefighters increased with rank within the fire organization. This confirmed that it was necessary to provide organizational incentives for lower-ranking positions as a future policy consideration of fire agencies.

In this paper, we present a navigation algorithm that allows an AI vision robot to intelligently find its goal in unknown, dynamic environments using a vision sensor. Instead of relying on the "sensor fusion" approach, which generates a trajectory based on an environmental model and sensory data, our method uses "command fusion" to guide the robot's movements. The navigation strategy incorporates fuzzy rules designed to optimize both goal acquisition and obstacle avoidance. To interpret the virtual environment by obstacle avoidance, we apply a command fusion technique that combines sensory data from both ultrasonic and vision sensors. Overall, our approach demonstrates that command fusion, combined with fuzzy logic, offers a robust and flexible solution for autonomous navigation in challenging environments. The experimental results show that the robot is capable of efficiently reaching its goal while successfully avoiding obstacles, highlighting the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm.