In this study, the effect of WC and group IV elements on the cutting performance in turning is investigated. The composition of WC was changed from 5 to 20% to determine the effect of WC on the cutting performance of cermet tool. The more WC was added, the longer the tool life of the cermet tool was. The cermet with 20% WC showed the best fracture toughness. The cermet tool with 20% WC showed the best cutting performance among the various WC composition. The effect of group IV elements ; ZrC, ZrN and HfC was also investigated by adding each of them to manufacture the cermet tool with fixed 14% WC composition. The cermet with 1% group IV HfC and 14% WC showed the best cutting performance among the investigated cermet tools.

In the turning process, the feed is usually selected by a machining operator considering workpiece, cutting tool and depth of cut. Even if this selection can avoid power saturation or tool breakage, it is usually conservative compared to the capacity of the machine tools and can reduce the productivity significantly. This paper proposes a selection method of the feed and the reference cutting force based on MRR(material removal rate), maximum spindle power and specific energy. In order to estimate and control cutting force accurately in transient and steady state, this study utilizes a synthesized cutting force estimation method and a Fuzzy controller. The experimental results present that these systems can be useful for the FMS(flexible manufacturing system) and unmanned automation system.

Rise in cutting force causes tool damage and worsens product quality resulting in machining accuracy deterioration. Especially, fragile material cutting brings about breakage of material and worsens product surface quality. In this study, we trace the locus of cutting force and examine the machined surface corresponding to the cutting force loci. and build up a monitoring system for deciding normal operation or not of cutting process.

In metal cutting, chatter is an unstable cutting phenomenon which is due to the interaction of the dynamics of the chip removal process and the structural dynamics of machine tool. When chatter occurs, it reduces tool life and results in poor surface roughness and low productivity of the machining process. In this study, the experiments have been conducted to investigate phenomenon of the chatter in CNC lathe without cutting fluid. In the experiments, two accelerometers were attached at the tail stock and tool holder and the signals were caught. In order to observe the effect of chatter on the surface roughness profiles, surface roughness profiles were generated under the ideal condition and the occurrence of the chatter based on the surface simulation model using surface-shaping system. Finally, the result of experiment and simulation have been compared.

Recently, miniaturization and mass production are the main trends in manufacturing fields. Therefore, ultraprecision machining and MEMS technology have been taken more and more important position in machining of microparts. Micro endmilling is one of the prominent technology that has wide spectrum of application field ranging from macro parts to micro products, such as PDP and IT components, in precision products manufacturing. However, the deburring is significant problem in making smooth and precise parts in micro endmilling. This paper shows removal characteristics of burr generated by micro endmilling process. Additionally, it is necessary to understand the formation mechanism of burr of micro barrier ribs to find proper deburring method.

In the present industry, there are necessary to cut not only iron metals but also non-ferrous metals such as aluminum, brass, plastic and wood(Paulownia). therefore it had been made the studies of non-ferrous metals by many scientists. we hope this kind of study will continue. The purpose of this study is to conduct the basic experiment about influencing of change the side rake angle at turning of non-ferrous metals. As the results, the surface roughnesses were on the increase with a increase of side-rake angle at the case of the plastic, brass, aluminum, and paulownia.

A complete quantitative understanding of DT has been difficult because the process represents such a broad field of research. The experimental measurement of tool force is a single area of DT which still covers a wide range of possibilities. There are numerous parameters of the process which affect cutting forces. There are also many turnable materials of current interest. To obtain information toward a better understanding of the process, a few cutting parameters and materials were selected for detail study. It was decided that free-oxygen copper and 6061-T6 alloy aluminum would be the primary test materials. There are materials which other workers have also used because of there wide use in reflective applications. The experimental phase of the research project began by designing tests to isolate certain cutting parameters. The parameters chosen to study were those that affected the cross-sectional area of the uncut chip. The specific parameters which cause this area to vary are the depth of cut and infeed per revolution, or feedrates. Other parameter such a tool nose radius and surface roughness were investigated as they became relevant to the research.

In this study, the characteristics of the surface around a hole on inlet and outlet of product which are manufactured by face mill or end mill cutting with a hole or a pocket in its surface, are investigated. Furthermore, experiment for optimization of process conditions to minimize the change of characteristics of milling cut surface after a hole cutting operation, is implemented. Applying the results in this study to surface manufacturing of mold products whose surface is uneven or metal products made by diecasting, reducing the number of sequence process to obtain fine surface is expected.

This work describes reduction of disturbance created by driving actuator in milling process. To the end, controller includes disturbance dynamics. Experimently it is shown that steady disturbance can be rejected to a certain degree.

A conceptional framework is proposed in which a general feedback predictive controller is taken to be a feedback interconnection of controller and GPC (General predictive Control). Numerical example are included to illustrate the procedure and to show the performance of the control system.

The textiles supply rolling equipment is a part of inspection machine which inspect finished textiles and it check up textiles through rolling hydraulic equipment. This study suggests a method to select the capacity and initial gas pressure of accumulator to control reducing speed of the hydraulic motor to a desired degree. An accumulator in hydraulic systems is hydraulic machinery which stores kinetic energy of inertia body during braking. A series of computer simulations were done for the brake action and the selection method was based upon a trial and error approach. The results of the simulation work were compared with those of experiments and these results show that the proposed method can be applied effectively to control reducing speed of the hydraulic motor when braking action in textiles rolling system.

This system is composed of fine and coarse apparatus, measurement system and control system. Piezoelectric actuator is designed for fine positioning. We make a study of precision apparatus that is used in the various industrial machine. The study was carried out to develope a precision positioning apparatus, consisting of servo motor and piezoelectric actuator. Coarse positioning using lead screw is drived by servo motor. Control system output a signal from laser interferometer to amplifier of servo motor and piezoelectric actuator after digital signal processing(DSP). Resolution of this apparatus measure with laser interferometer. In this study, design method and control system with ultra precision position apparatus are researched. As the first step, we have estimated for control performance and system stability before an actual apparatus is manufactured by MATLAB with SIMULINK including various functions those are composed of pre-design and system modeling.

In the recent years, as the research and the development of micro and precision machinery become active, the interest of micro actuators using SMA(Shape Memory Alloy) has been increased. The dynamic characteristic analysis of SMA is necessary for actuator application and many common researches report the material characteristics of SMA sufficiently. However, the research on dynamic characteristics is very deficient. In this paper, the helical spring are fabricated with NiTi SMA wire of high resistivity, The force, response speed, temperature, and displacement are measured by digital force gauge, infrared thermometer, and laser displacement sensor so that the dynamic characteristics of this SMA is analyzed. Also, bidirectional actuator was fabricated and experimented for its performance.

When the fuzzy controller apply to a real plant, We have not excepted result of a satisfactory control by modeling error and lacking information about an plant. In this case, we have to adjust the control factors for improvement of the control performance and this method need a lot of time and cost for perform a trial and error. In this paper, we proposed the fuzzy regulator with the automatic adjustment of scaling factors. It was improve upon the control performance using a adequate scale factor by fuzzy inference. We implemented the controller using the DSP processor and applied in a hydraulic servo system. And then we observed an experimental results.

Recent general Press brake has many problems in cutting high accurate products in the progress of industry. Previous hand-operated press brake needs many pre-processing works to adjust bending ang1e and marking-off works to calculate bending length. Also, the hand-operating work makes many geometric errors and has difficulty for variety-mass production. To solve these problems, this paper proposes Computer Numerical Control (CNC) general press brake and development of servo-control system based on database for reduction of geometric errors and pre-processing work time and high accuracy bending work.

When it is considered that many vehicle rides on the road and ride quality is an important method to evaluate vehicle performance with handling, running-over-bump manoeuvre may be suitable for testing ride quality. In this paper, a computed model has roughly steering system and lumped mass, connected by joint each rigid body, and suspension that has beam elements and has shock absorber as force element to represent nonlinear characteristics. A computer simulations for passing over a bump were made with two velocities. One side of vehicle passed over bump in due consideration of driver's habit that driver is subject to avoid a bad ride quality. On simulation, vertical acceleration, pitch angle and roll angle were measured at the mass center of chassis each case.

The neural network method has been introduced to design a controller for linear motor feed system and system operation status was monitored. It is most difficult to achieve controller gain tuning because of the information limit. Regardless of the system structure, conventional control gain could be adjusted minimizing the resulting error for both position and velocity using the proposed method. Slight performance deterioration was observed at the small value of training epoch. Different controller performance for position was observed with respect changed sampling time. Actuated system performance was monitored using neural network signal processing and operational status was predicted with the rate of 80% approximately.

Unsteady-state temperature distributions for spindle system with built-in motor according to spindle type are studied. For the analysis, three dimensional model is built considering heat transfer characteristics such as natural and forced convection coefficients. Temperature distributions are analyzed by using the finite element method. Results of analysis are compared.

In this paper, a simple 2 D.O.F. planar motion model is proposed in order to analyze the snake motion of a machining center cross head assembly, that is travelling on linear guide rails. In the proposed mathematical model, the friction between head and guide ways is neglected, and also the support structures including guide rails, rear- and side-panels of the machining center are assumed to be rigid. The equations of motion of the proposed model are derived and successfully solved to determine vibration responses of the head assembly due to some applied traction forces.

This paper presents a new approach to the calibration of a SCARA robot orientation with a camera modeling that accounts for major sources of camera distortion, namely, radial, decentering, and thin prism distortion. Radial distortion causes an inward or outward displacement of a given image point from its ideal location. Actual optical systems are subject to various degrees of decentering, that is, the optical centers of lens elements are not strictly collinear. Thin prism distortion arises from imperfection in lens design and manufacturing as well as camera assembly. It is our purpose to develop the vision system for the pattern recognition and the automatic test of parts and to apply the line of manufacturing.

In this paper, it is presented a new scheme of adaptive-neuro control system to implement real-time control of robot manipulator. Unlike the well-established theory for the adaptive control of linear systems, there exists relatively little general theory for the adaptive control of nonlinear systems. Adaptive control technique is essential for providing a stable and robust performance for application of robot control. The proposed neuro control algorithm is one of learning a model based error back-propagation scheme using Lyapunov stability analysis method. Through simulation, the proposed adaptive-neuro control scheme is proved to be a efficient control technique for real-time control of robot system using DSPs.

This paper presents a new approach to the design of adaptive control system using DSPs(TMS320C50) for robotic manipulators to achieve trajectory tracking angles. Digital signal processors are used in implementing real time adaptive control algorithms to provide motion for robotic manipulators. In the proposed scheme, adaptation laws are derived from the improved second stability analysis based on the indirect adaptive control theory. The proposed control scheme is simple in structure, fast in computation, an suitable for implementation of real-time control. Moreover, this scheme does not require an accurate dynamic modeling, nor values of manipulator parameters and payload. Performance of the adaptive controller is illustrated by experimental results for a SCARA robot.

This paper presents a new scheme of neural network controller to improve the robustuous of robot manipulator using digital signal processors. Digital signal processors, DSPs, are micro-processors that are particularly developed for fast numerical computations involving sums and products of variables. Digital version of most advanced control algorithms can be defined as sums and products of measured variables, thus it can be programmed and executed through DSPs. In addition, DSPs are as fast in computation as most 32-bit micro-processors and yet at a fraction of their prices. These features make DSPs a viable computational tool in digital implementation of sophisticated controllers. During past decade it was proposed the well-established theorys for the adaptive control of linear systems, but there exists relatively little general theory for the adaptive control of nonlinear systems. Perforating of the proposed controller is illustrated. This paper describes a new approach to the design of adaptive controller and implementation of real-time control for assembling robotic manipulator using digital signal processor. Digital signal processors used in implementing real time adaptive control algorithm are TMS320C50 series made in TI'Co..

The equipment of industrial robot in manufacturing and assembly lines has rapidly increased. In order to achieve high productivity and flexibility, it becomes very important to develop the visual feedback control system with Off-Line Programming System(OLPS). We can save much efforts and time in adjusting robots to newly defined workcells by using Off-Line Programming System. A proposed visual calibration scheme is based on position-based visual feedback. The visual calibration system is composed of a personal computer, an image processing board, a video monitor, and one camera. The calibration program firstly generates predicted images of objects in an assumed end-effector position. The process to generate predicted images consists of projection to screen-coordinates, visible range test, and construction of simple silhouette figures. Then, camera images acquired are compared with predicted ones for updating position and orientation data. Computation of error is very simple because the scheme is based on perspective projection, which can be also expanded to experimental results. Computation time can be extremely reduced because the proposed method does not require the precise calculation of tree-dimensional object data and image Jacobian.

This paper proposed trajectory tracking control of Mobile Robot. Trajectory tracking control scheme are Real coding Genetic-Algorithm and Back-propergation Algorithm. Control scheme ability experience proposed simulation.

In the use of glass fiber reinforced plastics(GFRP) it is often necessary to cut the components, but the cutting of GFRP is often made difficult by the delamination of the compositions and short tool life. Experimental investigation was conducted to evaluate the chip formation of the glass fiber reinforced plastics during orthogonal cutting. The chip formation process, cutting force, and thrust force were studied. The chip formation processes were studied through the use of quick-stop device. Chip-tool contact areas were obtained with the use of the quick-stop device, and observed using optical microscopy after polishing. Cutting force and thrust force were measured through the use of the tool dynamometer.

End milling is one of the most widely used machining operations. It is associated with productivity and production quality progress. In metal cutting with up and down milling, moment is important factor to diagnose the cutting characteristics because the amount of tool wear directly influences the moment. In this study, the effects of number of milling cutting edges on the cutting performance, especially on the moment, are investigated. The results acquired through the cutting test measuring moment show that up milling is superior to down milling.

Copper bus-bar is made by drawing process and used in many part of industry. When design drawing die for copper bus-bar, design factor is focused on the deformation of die-land by drawing force and shrink fit. In this paper, to determine shrink fit value is analyzed by automatic shrink fit analysis program, APDL/UIDL language in a commercial FEM package, ANSYS, has been developed that enables optimal design of the dies taking into account the elastic deflections generated in shrink fitting the die inserts and that caused by the stresses generated in the process and by using DEFORM software for drawing process analysis. This data can be processed as load input data for a finite element die-stress analysis. Process simulation and stress analysis are thus combined during the drawing die design. The stress analysis of the dies is used to determine optimized dimension of die-land.

Titanium alloys have lightness, high strength and good corrosion resistant characteristics, and broadly used in manufacturing parts for military and aerospace industries. And these alloys also are recognized for organism materials comparatively and used as fixing ones in the human body. Nevertheless thess alloys have excellent properties such as corrosion resistance, heat resistance, and good tensile strength, it is difficult to machine by traditional methods because of high hardness and chemically activated property. So higher tool wear is expected when cutting by tools. Therefore, it is required nontraditional machining process. And the mechanical characteristics such as surface structure and shape, hardness and bending strength are studied for wire electrical discharge machined and surface ground titanium alloys for various heat-treated conditions.

The mechanism of the aerosol generation consists of spin-off, splash, and evaporation/condensation. Most researchers showed some theoretical model for predicting the particulate size and generation rate without cutting in turning operation. These models were based on the spin-off mechanism and verified good for modeling the process. However, in real machining, the cutting tool destructs the spin-off process, and the majority of the mist is due to splash. In this paper, we show some experimental evidence the aerosol generation mechanism should be explained with splash model as well as spin-off.

In order to prevent the production defects the optimum design of product, jig and fixture putting in the field is very significant manufacturing method. Drilling Jig is the device according to industrial demand for multi manufacturing products on the growing at alarming rate. In the field of design and making for machine tool working, welding, assembling with jig and fixture for mass production is a specific division. They require analysis of many kinds of important factors, theory and practice of machine tool operating process and jig & fixture structure, machining condition for tool making, tool materials, heat treatment of jig & fixture components, know-how and so on. In this study we designed and constructed a drilling jig of mass production and performed tryout under the Auto CAD, Auto Lisp database, that we made by database, and window environment. Especially this study is reveals with the analysis of part drawing, jig planning, jig design etc, and then the result of drill jig's making try out.

The piercing and blanking of thin sheet metal working is specified division in press die design and making. In order to prevent the defects, the optimum design of the production part, strip process layout, die design, die making and try out etc. are necessary the analysis of effective factors. For example, theory and practice of metal shearing process and it's phenomena, die structure, machine tool working for die making, die materials and it's heat treatment, metal working in field, their know how etc. are included in those factors. In this study, we analyzed whole of data base, theoretical back ground of metal working process, and then performed the progressive die tryout with the screw press.

This study reveals the thin sheet metal process with multi-forming die that the name is progressive die, as a pilotless type, also high precision production part is made. They require analysis of many kinds of important factors, i.e. theory and practice of metal press working and its phenomena die structure, machining condition for die making, die material, heat treatment of die components, know-how and so on. In this study, we designed and constructed a multi-forming progressive die as a bending and drawing working of multi-stage and performed through the try out for thin sheet metal. Out of the characteristics of this paper that nothing might be ever seen before such as this type of research method on the all of processes of thin and high precision production part.

The purpose of this research was to study the influence of machining characteristics for aluminum alloys. The effect of metallic microstructural variables on the measures of machinability of aluminum alloys has no been adequately investigated. Machining Characteristics are influenced significantly by mechanical characteristics, composition and structure of material etcs. For improvement of machining characteristics, various studies are reported. In this paper, composition elements add to aluminum alloys within the limit of sustaining mechanical characteristics of metallic material. We have analyzed dynamic characteristics of cutting resistance, tensile strength value, hardness value etcs.

The reliability data analysis for components of CNC machining center is studied in this paper. The failure data of mechanical part is analyzed by Exponential, Weibull, and Log-normal distributions. And then, the optimum failure distribution model is selected by goodness of fit test. The reliability data analysis program is developed with ASP language to use on the Internet. The failure rate, MTBF, life, and failure mode of mechanical parts are estimated and searched by this program. The failure data and analysis results are stored in the database.

One of the major limitations of productivity and quality in metal cutting is the machining accuracy of machine tools. The machining accuracy is affected by geometric errors, thermally-induced errors, and the deterioration of the machine tools. Geometric and thermal errors of machine tools should be measured and compensated to manufacture high quality products. In metal cutting, the machining accuracy is more affected by thermal errors than by geometric errors. In this study, the compensation device and temperature-based algorithm have been presented in order to compensate thermal error of machine tools under the real-time. The thermal error is modeled by means of angularity errors of a column and thermal drift error of the spindle unit which are measured by the touch probe unit with a star type styluses, a designed spherical ball artifact, and five gap sensors. In order to compensate thermal characteristics under several operating conditions, experiments performed with five gap sensors and manufactured compensation device on the horizontal machining center.

High-speed machining is one of the most effective technologies to improve productivity. Because of the high speed and high feedrate, high-speed machining can give great advantages for the machining of dies and molds. To perform efficient high-speed machining, evaluation of high speed machinability must be studied preferentially and it can be identified by investigation of cutting force. To measure cutting force in high-speed machining, dynamometer has to have high natural frequency. In this paper, The dynamometer which has high natural frequency used to measure the cutting force in various cutting conditions. High-speed machining characteristics are evaluated by the cutting force, FFT analysis of the cutting force and chip formation.

Small diameter drilling which take high precision in cutting work is needed more small hole and high speed working. Especially, small hole deep drilling is one of the most important machining types and its necessity and importance become more and more increasing in the whole field of industry. This paper shows the limit depths with small diameter drills using experimental analysis. The results are gained by tool dynamometer and Labview system and obtained during small diameter twist drilling system on SM45C steel for different machining conditions. The machine and tools are the CNC machining center and twist drill of diameter 1.5mm. And additionally, tool microscope show the relationship between shapes of chips and breakage shapes of small diameter drills.

The goal of multiphase optimization of machine structure is to obtain 1) light weight, 2) statically and dynamically rigid structure. The entire optimization process is carried out in two phases. In the first phase, multiple optimization problem with two objective functions is treated using pareto genetic algorithm. Two objective functions are weight of the structure, and static compliance. In the second phase, maximum receptance is minimized using genetic algorithm. The method is applied to design of quill type machine structure with back column.

This paper presents the thermal characteristics analysis of a high-speed HMC spindle system with angular contact ball bearings, built-in motor, oil-jet lubrication method, oil jacket cooling method, and so on. The spindle system is composed of the main spindle and sub-spindle which are mechanically connected by a flexible coupling. The spindles are supported by two front and rear bearings, and the built-in motor is located between the front and rear bearings of the sub-spindle. The thermal analysis model of spindle system is constructed by the finite element method, and the thermal characteristics in the design stage are estimated based on temperature distribution, heat flow and thermal deformation under the various testing conditions related to material of bearing ball, spindle speed and coolant temperature.

This paper has been presented the hydrodynamic effect by the journal speed, eccentricity and source positions in order to overcome the defects of air bearing such as low stiffness and damping coefficient. Choosing the two row source position of air bearing is different from existed investigations in the side of pressure distribution of air film because of the high speed of journal and the wedge effects by the eccentricity. These optimal chooses of the two row source positions enable us to improve the performance of the film reaction force and loading force as making the high speed spindle. In this paper, the pressure behavior in theory of air film according to the eccentricity of journal and the source positions analyzed. The theoretical analysis have been identified by experiments. The results of investigated characteristics may be applied to precision devices like ultra-precision grinding machine and ultra high speed milling.

The resolution of analog sensor is determined by its sensitivity and amplitude of noise. This paper presents modeling of inductive gap sensor base on equivalent magnetic circuit and analysis of sensitivity. We can simulate static characteristic of inductive gap sensor using this model. Computer simulation show that sensor's sensitivity is affected by magnetic flux's leakage and fringing, and that they are affected by shape of sensor probe. Base on this, we designed shape of inductive position sensor probe.

As computer-related technologies have been developed, legacy design systems have not been appropriate for new computing environment. Therefore, it is necessary that most of them are either modified or newly developed. However, this requires quite much amount of cost and time. This paper presents a method of extending legacy design system without modification using XML and XSLT. In order to apply the developed method, a good example of legacy design systems, AGMA gear rating system has been extended so as to be suitable for the distributed computing environment. An XML document for AGMA gear rating process is defined. It is transformed to the form of the input document of AGMA gear rating system by XSLT processor according to the transformation rules defined in the AGMA gear rating XSLT document. After that, AGMA gear rating system reads this input document and generates an output document in the server. These operations are automatically executed by the external legacy system controller without user interactions. Using these operations, AGMA gear rating web service has been developed based on SOAP and WSDL to provide the functions of legacy AGMA gear rating system through the distributed network. Any system or user can implement AGMA gear rating process independently to the platform type, without making it for oneself, by simply referring the AGMA gear rating web service via Internet.

Two ways of improvement of the strut for the HCF was made in this paper. The strut for the existing HCF is a passive link, which results the posture of the HCF and related bones. The accuracy of the HCF depends on the accuracy of the strut length. A "digital gage" was proposed to increase the accuracy of the strut by presenting the measuring result as figures in manual mode operation. And a "motorized strut system" was designed for the automated HCF operation. A strut was equipped with a motor, "motorized strut" can be operated manually and automatically. In automatic mode, the HCF operating data is generated by the HCF schedule package in PC and is downloaded to the "motorized strut system" controller. By these two improvements, changes in orthopedic equipments like HCF and other Ilizarov fixators are expected.

Applications of Brazing in the studying fields such as High-Speed Machining are very increasing in various industry fields. Therefore, Applying to the fracture mechanics by numerical analysis method is very important to analyse the crack problem Dissimilar Materials in Brazed Interface. In this study, Stress intensity Factor (S.I.F) is analysed to investigate crack behavior on the crack tip of dissimilar materials in brazed interface such as a Hardmetal and a HSS by two dimensional(2-D) Boundary Element Method (BEM). Kelvin's solution was used as a fundamental solution in BEM analysis and stress extrapolation method was used to determine Stress Intensity Factor.

There are two kinds of the design criteria of piping system in petrochemical plant design. The first is on static state evaluation by thermal growth and the other is on dynamic evaluation by piping vibration. In the static design evaluation, the ASME B31.3 code defines 7000 cycles of fatigue life in operating the piping system with design condition. However, the dynamic design evaluation in comparative with small displacements of high frequencies to static condition has not established clearly the method, yet. So, this study purposes to present the trial of a proposal of dynamic design criterion on the basis of static design method.

A good drawability of material itself is required. To improve the formability in deep drawing process. Besides that bending resistance should be reduced by increasing die round appropriately, drawing load should be minimized by improving the lubricant condition between die and material, and breaking load should be increased by selecting a pertinent punch round and by augmenting the friction resistance in Punch. In this study, a multi-stage deep drawing process is analyzed using ABAQUS, the effects of formability factors. Such as die shoulder radius, punch-die clearance and friction coefficient are investigated.

This study is an introduction of ADS in which we have written out programs which can design three-dimensional machine parts and reduce the required time for design them comparing with other CADs. Among the machine parts, screws are commonly used in joining one part to another because of easy handing but welding and rivet are used to join permanently them even thought hard operation. Consequently, we have developed the screw fer permanent fixing using stairs type screw threads, which is considered as the main machine parts in joining. For that, we designed permanent fastened screws according to the different rotation angle using VisualLISP and transferred it to ANSYS, structural solution program, to find out allowance load, maximum equivalent stress and where it occur.

Twin screw extruders are the heart of the polymer processing industry. They are used at some stage in nearly all polymer processing operations. This paper is concerned with the basic elements of the extruder design. The proper design of the geometry of the extruder screw is of crucial importance to the proper functioning of the extruder. If the material transport instabilities occur as a result of improper screw geometry, even the most sophisticated computerized control system cannot solve the problem. For this purpose, a characteristic design on flights shape of the extruder screw. This paper presents cross section designs of a closely intermeshing twin screw extruder with double-flighted screw elements, and channel depth characteristics for a double flighted corotating self-wiping twin screw extruder.

Most of mechanical failures are caused by repeated loadings and therefore they are strongly related to fatigue. To avoid the failures caused by fatigue, determination of an optimal shape of a structure is one of the very important factors in the initial design stage. Shape optimization for a compact tension specimen in opening mode in fracture mechanics, was accomplished by the linear elastic fracture mechanics and the growth-strain method in this study. Also shape optimization for a cantilever beam in mixed mode was carried out by the same techniques. The linear elastic fracture mechanics was used to estimate stress intensity factors and fatigue lives. And the growth-strain method was used to optimize the shape of the initial shape of the specimens. From the results of the shape optimization, it was found that shapes of two types of specimens and a cantilever beam optimized by the growth-strain method prolong their fatigue lives very much. Therefore, it was verified that the growth-strain method is an appropriate technique for shape optimization of a structure having a crack.

Flow pulsation often causes vibration and noise in piping systems and therefore has been a troublesome concern for fluid system engineers. According to frequency increase in this paper under the influence wave form of velocity in springly flow and viscosity are drop coefficient of viscosity become increase so that impedance and resistance. The transient variations of flow rate are measured by a modified impedance tube method which is realized by virtue of the present analytical technique. At pipe line in order to eliminate vibration, confirm happened intermittently impedance characteristics. We make a test and frequency analysis and have to minimize obstructive component at hydraulic circuit.

In this paper, the well-conditioned observer is designed to be insensitive to the ill-conditioning factors in transient and steady-state observer performance. A condition number based on $L_2-norm$ of the eigenvector matrix of the observer matrix has been proposed on a principal index in the observer performance. For the well-conditioned observer design, the non-normality measure and the observability condition of the observer matrix are utilized. The two constraints are specified into observer gain boundary region that guarantees a small condition number and a stable observer. The observer gain selected in this region guarantees a well-conditioned and observable property. In this study, this method is applied to the Luenberger observer and Kalman filters. In designing Kalman filters for small order systems, the ratio of the process noise covariance to the measurement noise covariance is a design parameter and its effect on the condition number is investigated.

In significant number of energy-related facilities for like thermal power plant or petro-chemical industry, CrMo steels are widely used energy conversion industries. However, these materials undergo precipitation of carbides or intermetallic compounds into grain boundary and change of internal microstructure such as coarsening of precipitation, decrease of solute elements and impurity segregation under more severe service conditions, which results in deterioration of inherent superior material characteristics. In this study, it was verified experimentally the feasibility of the aging degradation evaluation for degraded 2.25Cr-lMo steel specimens prepared by isothermal aging heat treatment at 63$0^{\circ}C$ by high frequency longitudinal ultrasonic and surface SH wave investigating the change of attenuation coefficient analyzed by spectral analysis. Attenuation coefficient had a tendency to increase as degradation proceeded.

The destructive method is reliable and widely used for the estimation of material degradation but, it have time-consuming and a great difficulty in preparing specimens from in-service industrial facilities. Therefore, the estimation of degraded structural materials by nondestructive evaluation is strongly desired. In this paper, the use of guided wave was suggested for the evaluation of thermally damaged 2.25 Cr-lMo steel as an alternative way to compensate for limitations of fracture tests. The observation of microstructure variations of the material including carbide precipitation increase and spheroidization near grain boundary was conducted and the correlation with the guided wave features such as energy loss ratio and group velocity changes was investigated. Through this study, the feasibility of ultrasonic guided wave evaluation for thermally damaged materials was explored.

Characteristics of the present world market include demanding and sophisticated customers, requirement of high quality and innovative products, greater product diversity, increasing labour and products costs, availability of diverse alternatives to the customers and smaller batch sizes to satisfy a variety of customer profiles. To fulfil these characteristics, manufacturing companies need to be flexible adaptable, proactive and able to produce variety of products in short time at low cost. The aim of the study is to develop a computer-aided design system for water-gate on AutoCAD R2000 system. The developed system has been written in AutoCAD and VisualLISP with a personal computer, and is composed four modules which are the gate-lifter input module, guide-frame input module, and upgrade module. Based on knowledge-based rules, the system is designed by considering several factors, such as width and height of a water-gate, material, object of product and maximum depth of water.

Theoretical efforts were taken to investigate an optimum heat treatment process in martensitic stainlesssteel. The approach is based on the combination of the interpolation and extrapolation method of a standard heat treatment technology with the principle of quenching and tempering temperature difference. The relationship of macroscopic structure and fracture toughness and ductility as well as the Hardness and strength has been focused to induce a simple rule to apply with feasibility. As a result it was found that the grain size influences to the fracture toughness and ductility significantly.

In this study, experiments were carried out to investigate the characteristics of grinding and wear process of diamond wheel grinding ceramic materials. Normal component of grinding resistance was decreasing while increase of spindle speed. The resistance of vitrified bond wheel was less then that of resinoid bond wheel because of imbedded large holes on the surface of cutting edge. Surface roughness was decreasing while increase of spindle speed. The surface roughness after using vitrified bond wheel was less than that of resinoid bond wheel because of small elastic deformation. After continuous grinding of ceramics, cutting edge ratio of resinoid bond wheel decreases. For the case of vitrified bond wheel, cutting edge ratio does not change.

In this study, we investigated the effect of the impacting ang1e of particles, the scanning times and the stand-off distance on the surface roughness and the weight-loss rate of samples with no mask, and the wall profile and overetching of samples with different mask pattern in powder blasting of soda-lime glass. The varying parameters were the different impact angles between 50$^{\circ}$ and 90$^{\circ}$, scanning times of nozz1e up to 40 and the stand-off distances 70mm and 100mm. The widths of mask pattern were 0.2mm, 0.5mm and 1mm. The powder was alumina sharp particles, WA#600. The mass flow rate of powder during the erosion test was fixed constant at 175g/min and the blasting pressure of powder at 0.2MPa

In this study, experiments were carried out to investigate the characteristics of grinding and wear process of diamond wheel grinding ceramic materials. Normal component of grinding resistance of $AI_2O_3$ was less then that of $Si_3N_4$ and $ZrO_2$. It is because the resistance for grain shedding is less then that for layer formation. For the case of $Si_3N_4$ and $ZrO_2$, as the grain mesh number of wheel increases, the surface roughness decreases. For the case of $AI_2O_3$, the surface roughness does not decreases. For the case of $Si_3N_4$ and $ZrO_2$, grinding is carried out by abrasive wear processes. For the case of $AI_2O_3$, grinding is carried out by grain shedding process.

Studies on brake system recently are focused on braking performance, especially the consideration on safety of braking system in an extreme situation and reduction of vibration and noise during braking operation. The thermal crack and Judder from the friction between brake disc and pad can bring the threaten of passengers' safety in the end. Braking force comes from the change of kinetic energy to friction energy. Since heat energy is developed from here, the analysis on thermal stress and thermal strain can be the good data when selecting the material of brake pad and designing heat radiation holes on the disc and it will also be the data when designing the thickness of the disc. This paper is intended to show a creative design method by suggesting the thermal analysis data through FEM study and using shape design parameters.

Gear is general mechanical elements that used for power transmission between two shafts that interval is comparatively short. and it delivers big power as accurate ratio of speed. The profile of Spur gear which is the most basic factor is divided into Trochoidal fillet curve and Involute curve. Involute curve is used a lot of a shaped curve of machine parts such as a gear, a scroll compressor and a collar of centrifugal pump. However, it is poor to study the modeling of Trochoidal fillet curve and the three dimensions model shaped mathematical curve. This paper describes a mathematical model of profile shifted involute gear. and this model is based on Camus's theory. We draw three dimensions gear have accurate mathematical function using ADS, VisualLISP. and To check accuracy and perfection, we make a program of checking Interference. and use for this study.

This study is on the precision of the optical scanner which is suitable for shape modeling and non-contact equipment, comparing with a razer scanner. The optical scanner not only has all merits that non-contact methods have but also improve a veil phenomenon which is a razer scanner's demerits. However, the optical scanner has not been used extensively because the measurements are not very precise and there are not the definite methods of measurement. Hence, this study is to find out how parameters such as camera's hight, angle, luminous intensity, distance to object, and so on have an influence on measuring using the optical scanner and to establish the methods of measuring precision.

When a input image is extensively magnified on the computer system, it is almost impossible to replicate the original shape because of mismatched coordinates system. In order to resolve the problem, the shape of the magnified image has been reconfigured using the bilinear interpolation method, low pass special filtering interpolation method and B-spline interpolation method, Ferguson curve interpolation method based on the CAD/CAM curve interpolation algorithm. The computer simulation main result was that. Nearest neighbor interpolation method is simple in making the interpolation program but it is not capable to distinguish the original shape. Bilinear interpolation method has the merit to make the magnified shape smooth and soft but calculation time is longer than the other method. Low pass spatial filtering method and B-spline interpolation method has an effect to immerge the intense of the magnified shape but it is also difficult to distinguish the original shape. Ferguson curve interpolation method has sharping shape than B-spline interpolation method.

Fused deposition(FD) modeling by Stratasys Inc., is one of the material deposition subfamilies of solid freeform fabrication(SFF) technologies. In this process, build material in the form of a flexible filament, is heated to a semi-liquid state and extruded from a robotically controlled deposition head onto a fixtureless table in a temperature controlled environment. The position of nozzle is computer controlled relative to the base, which allows geometric complex models to be made to precise dimensions. FDM provide what the part was directly tested by the worker. It provide believable data. This study is experiment on surface roughness of part at FDM

The technique of high speed machining is widely studied in machining fields, because the high efficiency and accuracy in machining can be obtained in high speed machining. Unfortunately the development of tool for high speed machining in not close behind that of machine tool. In this study, several types flat endmill is prepared for obtaining data according to tool shape. Especially, we concentrated in helix angle, number of cutting edge, rake angle and relief angle. Machinability is measured by cutting force, tool life, tool wear, chip shape and surface roughness according to cutting length. 3-axis cutting forces are acquired from the invented tool dynamometer for high speed machining. Particularly, we found out that the axial cutting force waveform has a good relation with tool wear features. By above results, it is suggested the endmill tool with $45^{\circ}$ helix angle, 6 cutting edge, $-15^{\circ}$ rake angle and $12^{\circ}$ relief angle be suitable for high speed machining

This study describes the geometric characteristic and the 5-axis machining method of end mill body with insert tip. The geometry of end mill body is consisted of the flute part and the insert tip part. Thus, this study defines the flute part as ruled surface with constant helix angle and the insert tip part as rectangular plane on general direction. The geometric algorithm and the 5-axis NC part program were calculated by our programmed software and a sampled end mill body was machined on 5-axis machining center equipped with two index tables. The machined end mill body with insert tip was very agreeable to the designed end mill body with insert tip. Thus, the method proposed in this study may be very useful for the machining of end mill body with insert tip.

국내외 자동화 및 생산시스템 관련 교육기관에서 생산시스템의 제어 및 운영을 위한 기자재로써 교육용 FMS(Flexible Manufacturing System)를 도입, 운영하고 있다. 하지만 상당수 교육기관에서 당초의 도입목표를 제대로 달성하지 못하고 있는 실정이다. 본 논문에서는 교육기관에서 생산시스템 교육을 위해 필요한 교육용 FMS의 주요 기능과 역할을 정의하고, FMS 운영소프트웨어인 시스템 컨트롤러의 구축을 통한 시스템통합과 생산시스템 제어 및 운영을 위한 교육방안을 제시하고자 한다.

민첩생산의 필요성이 날로 증가하고 있는 생산환경 하에서 대표적인 자동생산시스템인 FMS의 효율적인 운영과 동시에 원격지에서의 FMS 모니터링 및 제어는 필수화되고 있다. 최근에 시뮬레이션을 기반으로 하는 가상생산의 개념이 일반화되고 이를 지원하는 다양한 정보기술의 발전에 따라 FMS에도 적용되고 있다. 본 논문에서는 웹환경 하에서 실재 FMS와 이에 대응되는 가상 FMS를 통합함으로서 원격지에서의 효율적 운영을 지원하는 모니터링 및 제어시스템 구축방법을 소개하고자 한다. 또한 키트형 FMS와 이에 대한 가상 FMS 모델를 대상하여 적용한 결과를 소개하도록 한다.