한국운동역학회지 (Korean Journal of Applied Biomechanics)

  • 제35권3호
  • /
  • Pages.229-239
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  • 2025
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  • 1226-2226(pISSN)
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  • 2093-9752(eISSN)
한국운동역학회 (Korean Society of Applied Biomechanics)
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보행 시 운동화 토 스프링이 운동역학적 특성에 미치는 영향

The Effect of Toe-spring Angle of the Shoes on Biomechanical Characteristics during Various Walking Speeds

  • Minjoo Lee (Graduate School of Korea National Sport University) ;
  • Sang-Kyoon Park (Motion Innovation Centre, Korea National Sport University)
  • 투고 : 2025.07.04
  • 심사 : 2025.09.05
  • 발행 : 2025.09.30
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초록

Objective: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of shoes toe-spring angle on foot movement characteristics and joint loading for better understanding the biomechanical function of toe-spring during walking. Method: Fifteen males (age: 24.3 ± 2.6 years, height: 176.7 ± 4.7 cm, weight: 75.2 ± 7.5 kg) participated in this study. After a warm-up, participants walked at three different speeds (1.1 m/s, 1.3 m/s, preferred speed) wearing three types of shoes with different toe-spring angles (4.7°, 12.8°, and 22.5°). Kinematic data were recorded using nine infrared cameras (sampling rate: 200 Hz) and kinetic data were measured using electromyography (EMG) and an instrumented treadmill (sampling rate: 2,000 Hz). Participants walked for 5 minutes in each condition, and the last 1 minute, comprising 10 consistent strides, was analyzed. Statistical analysis was performed using one-way ANOVA with repeated measures in SPSS 25 (IBM, USA), and post-hoc tests were conducted using Bonferroni correction. The significance level was set at α= .05. Results: As the toe spring angle increased, increased step length with decreased contact time were observed, while walking cadence was increased. Furthermore, the maximum dorsiflexion angle and moment of the metatarsophalangeal (MTP) joint was decreased, while the maximum plantarflexion angle of the ankle joint at toe off was increased. However, peak plantarflexion moment of the ankle joint was decreased with an increased toe-spring angle. Additionally, as the toe-spring angle increased, the second peak of vertical ground reaction force decreased, whereas the second peak of anterior-posterior ground reaction force increased. Finally, the muscle activity of the tibialis anterior decreased with an increased toe-spring angle. Conclusion: Our results indicate that as the toe spring angle increases, the load on the lower limb joints decreases. This suggests that the toe spring structure may have a positive effect on preventing lower limb injuries caused by lowering repetitive stress during walking. In particular, the toe spring facilitates smooth and efficient movement by increasing ankle motion during propulsion, aiding in ground push-off. Therefore, wearing shoes with an appropriate angle of toe spring structure during prolonged walking may promote smooth lower limb joint movement, contributing to stable and efficient gait. However, further study including the condition of higher toe spring angle at a faster walking speed would be warranted.

키워드

과제정보

This Study was excerpted from Minjoo Lee's master's thesis at Korea National Sport University.

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