Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology

The Korean Society of Wood Science & Technology (한국목재공학회)
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Characteristics of Wood Plastic Composites from Four Blend Ratios of Alkali-Treated Ulin (Eusideroxylon zwageri) and Sengon (Falcataria moluccana) Wood Flour

  • Isna Yuniar WARDHANI (Study Program of Forestry, Faculty of Forestry and Tropical Environment, Mulawarman University) ;
  • Nopriyanto PAI'PIN (Study Program of Forestry, Faculty of Forestry and Tropical Environment, Mulawarman University) ;
  • Sri Asih HANDAYANI (Study Program of Forestry, Faculty of Forestry and Tropical Environment, Mulawarman University) ;
  • Fitria Cita DIRNA (Study Program of Forestry, Faculty of Forestry and Tropical Environment, Mulawarman University)
  • Received : 2025.05.14
  • Accepted : 2025.08.12
  • Published : 2025.09.25
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Abstract

In this study, we investigated the effects of wood flour composition (ulin and sengon) and 5% NaOH alkali treatment on the physical and mechanical properties of wood-plastic composites bonded with unsaturated polyester resin. Four formulations were developed using different blend ratios of ulin and sengon, with alkali treatment applied only to ulin-wood flour. The physical tests evaluated density, moisture content, water absorption, and swelling thickness. The mechanical evaluations included the modulus of elasticity (MOE), modulus of rupture (MOR), tensile strength, impact strength, and internal bond strength (IBS). Analysis of variance results (α = 0.05) showed that treatment variations significantly affected all physical properties except density, and significantly influenced mechanical properties such as MOE, MOR, tensile strength, and IBS. No significant differences were observed in impact strength. The best mechanical performance was achieved by P4, which recorded the highest MOE (1,001.4 N/mm2), MOR (12.04 N/mm2), tensile strength (8.12 N/mm2), and impact strength (0.0084 J/mm2). P1 exhibited the highest IBS value (1.52 MPa). Although none of the treatments met the structural strength thresholds of SNI 8514:2015, the composites exhibited adequate dimensional stability and mechanical consistency. When benchmarked against the ASTM D7031 and JIS A 5908 performance guidelines, these results support their potential use in nonstructural applications, such as indoor cladding, ceiling panels, partition walls, and furniture components, especially in applications where dimensional stability and moisture resistance are more critical than high mechanical strength.

Keywords

Acknowledgement

The author would like to express sincere gratitude to the Dean of the Faculty of Forestry and Tropical Environment, Mulawarman University, Prof. Dr. Irawan Wijaya Kusuma, S. Hut., and M.P. for their valuable support and opportunity to carry out this research. Special appreciation is also extended to Vice Dean I for Academic Affairs and Prof. Dr. Harlinda Kuspradini, S. Hut., M.P., for the research funding assistance that made this study possible. Their support was instrumental in the successful completion of this research project.

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