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Cultural Considerations in the Context of the I-PACE Model of Addictive Behaviors: Commentary on Lee et al.'s "Applying the Interaction of Person-Affect-Cognition-Execution Model to Addictive Behaviors in East Asian Countries: Feasibility and Considerations"

  • Matthias Brand (General Psychology: Cognition, Faculty of Computer Science, University of Duisburg-Essen)
  • Received : 2025.05.20
  • Accepted : 2025.05.23
  • Published : 2025.07.01

Abstract

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Acknowledgement

There was no direct funding specifically for this manuscript. The work of MB on this article was carried out in the context of the Research Unit ACSID, FOR2974, funded by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG, German Research Foundation)-411232260. MB is the spokesperson of this DFG-funded Research Unit.

References

  1. Lee MS, Potenza MN, Bhang SY. Applying the interaction of personaffect-cognition-execution model to addictive behaviors in East Asian countries: feasibility and considerations. J Korean Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2025;36:144-151.
  2. Brand M, Young KS, Laier C, Wölfling K, Potenza MN. Integrating psychological and neurobiological considerations regarding the development and maintenance of specific internet-use disorders: an interaction of person-affect-cognition-execution (I-PACE) model. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2016;71:252-266.
  3. Brand M, Wegmann E, Stark R, Müller A, Wölfling K, Robbins TW, et al. The interaction of person-affect-cognition-execution (IPACE) model for addictive behaviors: update, generalization to addictive behaviors beyond internet-use disorders, and specification of the process character of addictive behaviors. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2019;104:1-10.
  4. Brand M, Müller A, Wegmann E, Antons S, Brandtner A, Müller SM, et al. Current interpretations of the I-PACE model of behavioral addictions. J Behav Addict 2025;14:1-17.
  5. Brand M. Can internet use become addictive? Science 2022;376: 798-799.