초록
Fire incidents can result in widespread health and safety hazards for both the general public and occupational groups such as firefighters, fire investigators, cleanup workers, and insurance adjusters. Based on major fire incidents-including the Gangneung wildfire of 2023, the Logistics Warehouse fire of 2021, and the recent Los Angeles wildfires-this paper describes the critical role of industrial hygienists in mitigating chemical, physical, biological, ergonomic, and psychosocial hazards. Chemical hazards range from toxic gases and volatile organic compounds (VOCs) to heavy metals and asbestos. They can expose individuals to acute respiratory problems and chronic diseases. Physical hazards such as extreme heat, reduced visibility, and structural collapse pose the risk of injury and death. Biological hazards, such as mold and bacterial contamination, can occur in the aftermath of a fire, while ergonomic hazards can result from prolonged use of personal protective equipment and physically demanding tasks. In addition, social and psychological issues - including stress, anxiety, and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) - can affect both responders and affected communities. Industrial hygienists play a key role in all phases of a fire, assessing on-site exposures, recommending appropriate personal protective equipment, monitoring indoor and outdoor air quality, and orchestrating decontamination and long-term health surveillance. Through a multifaceted approach that integrates risk assessment, environmental monitoring, and psychosocial support, industrial hygienists help minimize the immediate hazards and promote community resilience. This paper concludes by emphasizing the importance of increased preparedness, interagency collaboration, and ongoing research to better protect both workers and the public from the profound effects of fire incidents.
