Biomolecules & Therapeutics

The Korean Society of Applied Pharmacology (한국응용약물학회)
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The Dual Role of Survival Genes in Neurons and Cancer Cells: a Strategic Clinical Application of DX2 in Neurodegenerative Diseases and Cancer

  • Kyunghwa Baek (Department of Pharmacology, College of Dentistry and Research Institute of Oral Science, Gangneung-Wonju National University)
  • Received : 2024.08.14
  • Accepted : 2024.10.30
  • Published : 2025.01.01
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Abstract

In cancer cells, survival genes contribute to uncontrolled growth and the survival of malignant cells, leading to tumor progression. Neurons are post-mitotic cells, fully differentiated and non-dividing after neurogenesis and survival genes are essential for cellular longevity and proper functioning of the nervous system. This review explores recent research findings regarding the role of survival genes, particularly DX2, in degenerative neuronal tissue cells and cancer cells. Survival gene DX2, an exon 2-deleted splice variant of AIMP2 (aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase-interacting multi-functional protein 2), was found to be overexpressed in various cancer types. The potential of DX2 inhibitors as an anti-cancer drug arises from its unique ability to interact with various oncoproteins, such as KRAS and HSP70. Meanwhile, AIMP2 has been reported as a multifunctional cell death-inducing gene, and survival gene DX2 directly and indirectly inhibits AIMP2-induced cell death. DX2 plays multifaceted survival roles in degenerating neurons via various signaling pathways, including PARP 1, TRAF2, and p53 pathways. It is noteworthy that genes that were previously classified as oncogenes, such as AKT and XBP1, are now being considered as curative transgenes for targeting neurodegenerative diseases. A strategic direction for clinical application of survival genes in neurodegenerative disease and in cancer is justified.

Keywords

Acknowledgement

I gratefully thank Hyorin Hwang and Minhak Lee for manuscript editing. This work was supported by the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) Grant (NRF-2019R1A2C1006752) and Academic Research Support Program of Gangneung-Wonju National University (2022100153).

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