Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society

The Korean Neurosurgical Society (대한신경외과학회)
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Spermine Synthase : A Potential Prognostic Marker for Lower-Grade Gliomas

  • Chen Liu (Medical School of Chinese PLA) ;
  • Hongqi Li (Department of Radiotherapy, Air Force Medical Center, The Fourth Military Medical University) ;
  • Xiaolong Hu (Department of Radiation Oncology, Beijing Geriatric Hospital) ;
  • Maohui Yan (Department of Radiotherapy, Air Force Medical Center, The Fourth Military Medical University) ;
  • Zhiguang Fu (Department of Radiotherapy, Air Force Medical Center, The Fourth Military Medical University) ;
  • Hengheng Zhang (Department of Radiotherapy, Air Force Medical Center, The Fourth Military Medical University) ;
  • Yingjie Wang (Department of Radiotherapy, Air Force Medical Center, The Fourth Military Medical University) ;
  • Nan Du (Medical School of Chinese PLA)
  • Received : 2024.04.08
  • Accepted : 2024.07.01
  • Published : 2025.01.01
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Abstract

Objective : The objective of this study was to assess the relationship between spermine synthase (SMS) expression, tumor occurrence, and prognosis in lower-grade gliomas (LGGs). Methods : A total of 523 LGG patients and 1152 normal brain tissues were included as controls. Mann-Whitney U test was performed to evaluate SMS expression in the LGG group. Functional annotation analysis was conducted to explore the biological processes associated with high SMS expression. Immune cell infiltration analysis was performed to examine the correlation between SMS expression and immune cell types. The association between SMS expression and clinical and pathological features was assessed using Spearman correlation analysis. In vitro experiments were conducted to investigate the effects of overexpressing or downregulating SMS on cell proliferation, apoptosis, migration, invasion, and key proteins in the protein kinase B (AKT)/epithelial-mesenchymal transition signaling pathway. Results : The study revealed a significant upregulation of SMS expression in LGGs compared to normal brain tissues. High SMS expression was associated with certain clinical and pathological features, including older age, astrocytoma, higher World Health Organization grade, poor disease-specific survival, disease progression, non-1p/19q codeletion, and wild-type isocitrate dehydrogenase. Cox regression analysis identified SMS as a risk factor for overall survival. Bioinformatics analysis showed enrichment of eosinophils, T cells, and macrophages in LGG samples, while proportions of dendritic (DC) cells, plasmacytoid DC (pDC) cells, and CD8+ T cells were decreased. Conclusion : High SMS expression in LGGs may promote tumor occurrence through cellular proliferation and modulation of immune cell infiltration. These findings suggest the prognostic value of SMS in predicting clinical outcomes for LGG patients.

Keywords

Acknowledgement

The author would like to thank the Air Force Medical Center staff and Xiantao Academic Tools (www.xiantao.love) for their valuable contributions.

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