Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology

The Korean Society for Microbiology and Biotechnology (한국미생물·생명공학회)
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Cellular Stress Responses against Coronavirus Infection: A Means of the Innate Antiviral Defense

  • Ji-Seung Yoo (School of Life Sciences, BK21 FOUR KNU Creative BioResearch Group, Kyungpook National University)
  • Received : 2023.07.27
  • Accepted : 2023.09.06
  • Published : 2024.01.28
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Abstract

Cellular stress responses are crucial for maintaining cellular homeostasis. Stress granules (SGs), activated by eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2 alpha (eIF2α) kinases in response to various stimuli, play a pivotal role in dealing with diverse stress conditions. Viral infection, as one kind of cellular stress, triggers specific cellular programs aimed at overcoming virus-induced stresses. Recent studies have revealed that virus-derived stress responses are tightly linked to the host's antiviral innate immunity. Virus infection-induced SGs act as platforms for antiviral sensors, facilitating the initiation of protective antiviral responses called "antiviral stress granules" (avSGs). However, many viruses, including coronaviruses, have evolved strategies to suppress avSG formation, thereby counteracting the host's immune responses. This review discusses the intricate relationship between cellular stress responses and antiviral innate immunity, with a specific focus on coronaviruses. Furthermore, the diverse mechanisms employed by viruses to counteract avSGs are described.

Keywords

References

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