Journal of the Korean earth science society (한국지구과학회지)

The Korean Earth Science Society (한국지구과학회)
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Validation of Sentinel-3A/B SLSTR Skin Sea Surface Temperature in Coastal Regions of the Korean Peninsula

한반도 연안 해역에서의 Sentinel-3A/B SLSTR 피층 해수면온도 검증

  • Chae-Young Lim (Department of Science Education, Seoul National University) ;
  • Kyung-Ae Park (Department of Earth Science Education, Seoul National University) ;
  • Hee-Young Kim (Department of Science Education, Seoul National University) ;
  • Hui-Tae Joo (National Institute of Fisheries Science) ;
  • Joon-Soo Lee (National Institute of Fisheries Science) ;
  • Jun-Yong Yang (National Institute of Fisheries Science)
  • Received : 2024.09.16
  • Accepted : 2024.10.28
  • Published : 2024.10.31
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Abstract

In this study, satellite Sea Surface Temperature (SST) data produced by Sea and Land Surface Temperature Radiometer (SLSTR) were collected to generate matchups with in situ data from coastal waters around the Korean Peninsula to validate its accuracy and analyze the environmental factors influencing it. Satellite data were collected over three years, from January 2021 to December 2023, producing a total of 497 matchups. Differences between SLSTR skin SSTs and buoy temperature measurements showed a Root Mean Square Difference (RMSD) of about 0.42 K and a mean bias of -0.24 K, which met the pre-launch requirements of the SLSTR satellite. The mean bias was -0.14 K during the daytime and -0.29 K at nighttime, with a larger negative bias observed at nighttime. Seasonal variability was also observed with negative and positive biases occurring during winter and summer, respectively. Regionally, the RMSD range was broader in the Yellow Sea and southern region than in the East Sea. In addition, factors such as distance from the coast, wind speed, and spatial gradient of SST were found to influence variability. Satellite SST showed a positive bias during the daytime and negative bias at nighttime under low wind speed conditions below 4 m s-1, with larger overall biases at nighttime. The difference in satellite SST tended to decrease as the distance from the coast increased, whereas the RMSD increased as the spatial gradient of sea surface temperature increased. The findings of this study emphasize the need for further research on the characteristics of satellite SST variability, because this preliminary study on the use of SLSTR satellite SST in highly localized environments highlights the significant influence of various environmental factors.

본 연구에서는 SLSTR로부터 산출된 위성 해수면온도 자료를 수집하여, 한반도 연안 해역에서의 실측 자료와의 일치점을 생산하여 정확도를 검증하고자 하였으며 정확도에 영향을 미치는 환경적 요인에 대해 분석하였다. 2021년 1월부터 2023년 12월까지 3개년의 자료를 수집하였고, 총 497개의 일치점을 생산하였다. SLSTR 위성 해수면온도는 부 이 관측 해수면온도와 비교하였을 때 0.42 K의 평균 제곱근 오차와 -0.24 K의 평균 편차를 보였으며, 이는 SLSTR 위성 사전 발사 요구사항을 만족하는 수치였다. 주간에는 -0.14 K, 야간에는 -0.29 K의 평균 편차로 야간의 음의 편차가 더욱 크게 나타났으며, 겨울철에는 음의 편차가, 여름철에는 양의 편차가 나타나는 계절적 변동성을 보였다. 해역별로는 동해에 비해서 황해와 남해에서 평균 제곱근 오차의 범위가 넓게 나타났다. 이외에도 연안으로부터의 거리, 풍속, 해수면온도의 공간구배와 같은 요인에 의해 변동하는 특성이 나타났다. 위성 해수면온도는 4m s-1의 낮은 풍속 범위에서 주간에는 양의 편차가, 야간에는 음의 편차가 나타났으며 전반적으로 야간의 편차가 더욱 큰 것으로 나타났다. 연안으로부터의 거리가 멀어질수록 위성 해수면온도의 오차는 감소하는 경향을 보였으며 해수면온도의 공간 구배가 커질수록 평균 제곱근 오차가 증가하였다. 본 연구 결과는 다양한 환경적 요인에 의한 영향을 많이 받는 국지적인 환경에서의 SLSTR 위성 해수면온도 활용 연구를 위한 선행 연구로 추후 위성 해수면온도의 오차 변동 특성에 대한 이해를 바탕으로한 연구가 진행되어야 함을 강조하였다.

Keywords

Acknowledgement

이 연구는 정부(과학기술정보통신부)의 재원으로 한국연구재단의 지원을 받아 수행된 연구(No. RS-2023-00208935)이며, '해양위성영상 분석 활용 기술개발(RS-2021-KS211406)' 연구사업의 지원을 받아 수행되었습니다. 해양관측 자료 분석은 국립수산과학원 한반도주변해역 해양 변동 특성 연구(R202413)의 지원을 받아 수행되었습니다.

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