The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology

The Korean Society of Pharmacology (대한약리학회)
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Exercise improves muscle mitochondrial dysfunction-associated lipid profile under circadian rhythm disturbance

  • Yu Gu (Department of Sports Science, College of Natural Science, Jeonbuk National University) ;
  • Dong-Hun Seong (Department of Sports Science, College of Natural Science, Jeonbuk National University) ;
  • Wenduo Liu (Department of Sports Science, College of Natural Science, Jeonbuk National University) ;
  • Zilin Wang (Department of Sports Science, College of Natural Science, Jeonbuk National University) ;
  • Yong Whi Jeong (Department of Medical Informatics and Biostatistics, Graduate School, Yonsei University) ;
  • Jae-Cheol Kim (Department of Sports Science, College of Natural Science, Jeonbuk National University) ;
  • Dae Ryong Kang (Department of Precision Medicine, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine) ;
  • Rose Ji Eun Lee (Department of Medicine, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine) ;
  • Jin-Ho Koh (Department of Convergence Medicine, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine) ;
  • Sang Hyun Kim (Department of Sports Science, College of Natural Science, Jeonbuk National University)
  • Received : 2024.03.24
  • Accepted : 2024.06.05
  • Published : 2024.11.01
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Abstract

We investigated whether endurance exercise training (EXT) ameliorates circadian rhythm (CR)-induced risk factors by improving skeletal muscle (SKM) mitochondrial biogenesis, reducing oxidative stress, and modulating apoptotic protein expression. We distinguished between regular and shift workers using the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) and investigated the health problems caused by shift work (CR disturbance) and the potential therapeutic effects of exercise. In our animal study, 36 rats underwent 12 weeks of CR disturbance, divided into regular and irregular CR groups. These groups were further split into EXT (n = 12) and sedentary (n = 12) for an additional 8 weeks. We analyzed SKM tissue to understand the molecular changes induced by CR and EXT. NHANES data were analyzed using SAS 9.4 and Prism 8 software, while experimental animal data were analyzed using Prism 8 software. The statistical procedures used in each experiment are indicated in the figure legends. Our studies showed that CR disturbance increases dyslipidemia, alters circadian clock proteins (BMAL1, PER2), raises apoptotic protein levels, and reduces mitochondrial biogenesis in SKM. EXT improved LDL-C and HDL-C levels without affecting muscle BMAL1 expression. It also enhanced mitochondrial biogenesis (AMPK, PGC-1α, Tfam, NADH-UO, COX-I), antioxidant levels (Catalase, SOD1, SOD2), and apoptotic protein (p53, Bax/Bcl2) expression or activity in SKM. We demonstrated that shift work-induced CR disturbance leads to dyslipidemia, diminished mitochondrial biogenesis, and reduced antioxidant capacity in SKM. However, EXT can counteract dyslipidemia under CR disturbance, potentially lowering the risk of cardiovascular disorders.

Keywords

Acknowledgement

This work was supported by the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) grant funded by the Korea government (MSIT) (NRF-2022R1A2C1010080). Funding was also provided through the National Research Foundation of Korea NRF2022R1A2C1010188. This paper was supported by research funds of Jeonbuk National University in 2022.

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