Journal of Korea Water Resources Association (한국수자원학회논문집)

Korea Water Resources Association (한국수자원학회)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Reporting groundwater quality anomalies caused by grouting of wells

관정 그라우팅 시공에 의한 지하수 이상 수질 현상 보고

  • Koh, Chang-Seong (Jeju Groundwater Research Center, Jeju Research Institute) ;
  • Hyun, Beom-Seok (Jeju Groundwater Research Center, Jeju Research Institute) ;
  • Koh, Eun-Hee (School of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Jeju National University)
  • 고창성 (제주연구원 제주지하수연구센터) ;
  • 현범석 (제주연구원 제주지하수연구센터) ;
  • 고은희 (제주대학교 지구해양과학부)
  • Received : 2024.07.30
  • Accepted : 2024.10.08
  • Published : 2024.10.31
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

In the Hankyung-Daejeong watersheds of western Jeju Island, several groundwater wells showed abnormal measurements of high electrical conductivity (EC) and pH. To identify the causes of this abnormal water quality, we conducted borehole imaging, vertical EC logging, groundwater quality analysis, and SEM-EDS analysis of white suspended matter in the well. Most of the wells showing abnormal water quality had well-grouting below the water table, with borehole EC values ranging from 300 to 10,000 μS/cm. The wells exhibited higher ion concentrations compared to nearby wells and had a high pH range of 8.2 to 12.7, indicating a slightly to strong alkalinity. The primary components of the white-colored suspended matter were identified as oxygen and magnesium. These findings suggest that the abnormal water quality of the study wells is caused by the cement mortar used for grouting during well construction rather than by nitrate contamination or seawater intrusion. To prevent the influence of well-grouting on water quality during groundwater well development, an establishment of standards for groundwater development and utilization facilities is needed.

본 연구에서는 제주도 서부 한경-대정수역에서 높은 전기전도도(EC)와 pH가 관측된 10개의 지하수 관정을 대상으로 이상 수질 발생 원인을 파악하기 위해서 관정 시공 상태 확인, 공내 영상 및 EC 수직 검층, 음·양이온 이온 분석, 지하수 내 백색 부유물에 대한 SEM-EDS 분석을 수행하였다. 이상 수질을 보인 대부분의 관정은 지하수면 하부 구간까지 오염방지 그라우팅이 이루어졌고, 공내 EC는 300~10,000 μS/cm 범위의 값을 나타냈다. 또한, 인근 지하수 관정보다 높은 음·양이온 농도를 갖는 점, pH가 8.2~12.7로 약염기~강염기성을 띄는 점, 백색 부유물의 주요 구성 성분이 산소와 마그네슘인 점을 근거로 연구대상 관정의 이상 수질 현상은 질소 오염원이나 해수의 영향에 의해 유발된 것이 아니라, 관정 시공 시 채움 그라우팅에 사용된 시멘트 몰탈로부터 비롯되었음을 국내 최초로 보고한다. 지하수 관정 개발 과정에서 이루어지는 오염방지 그라우팅이 수질에 영향을 미치지 않도록 하기 위해서는 향후 지하수 개발·이용시설기준 제정이 필요하다.

Keywords

Acknowledgement

지하수 수질 분석 및 SEM-EDS 분석을 수행한 제주특별자치도 보건환경연구원과 제주특별자치도개발공사 먹는물연구소 연구원님들께 감사를 표합니다.

References

  1. Appelo, C.A.J., and Postma, D. (1994). Geochemistry, groundwater and pollution. Balkema, Rotterdam, Netherlands.
  2. Babiker, I.S., Mohamed, A.A., Terao, H., Kato, K., and Ohta, K. (2004). "Assessment of groundwater contamination by nitrate leaching from intensive vegetable cultivation using geographical information system." Environment International, Vol. 29, No. 8, pp. 1009-1017.
  3. Brobst, R.B., and Buszka, P.M. (1986). "The effect of three drilling fluids on ground water sample chemistry." Groundwater Monitoring & Remediation, Vol. 6, No. 1, pp. 62-70.
  4. Cho, H.N., and Choi, S.I. (2009). "Development of the compressed packer grouting device for preventing the inflow of polluted groundwater." The Journal of Engineering Geology, Vol. 19, No. 4, pp. 433-439.
  5. Cho, H.N., Sung, I.H., Lee, B.D., and Cho, B.W. (2003). "Study on the application and construction of subsurface pollution prevention using the packer grouting method." 2003 Annual Meeting and Spring Academic Conference of the Korean Society of Groundwater and Soil Environment, pp. 77-81.
  6. Choo, C.O., Ryu, J.H., Cho, H.N., and Jeong, G.C. (2013). "A study on improving installation guideline of facilities to protect groundwater contamination: Applications of packer grouting to contaminated wells." The Journal of Engineering Geology, Vol. 23, No. 3, pp. 293-304.
  7. Choung, S.W., Woo, N.C., and Lee, K.S. (2004). "Temporal & spatial variations of groundwater quality in Hanlim, Jeju island." Journal of the Geological Society of Korea, Vol. 40, pp. 537-558.
  8. Ding, J., Dong, D., Hu, Z., Wei, Z., and Zhang, L. (2023). "A study of interbedded groundwater contamination in a mining area and the process of grouting composite failure." Mine Water and the Environment, Vol. 42, No. 4, pp. 590-604.
  9. Dvory, N.A.Z., and Tsafrir, Y. (2024). "Advancing construction efficiency through geochemical remediation: Limescale management in jet grout-driven pumping facilities." Eng, Vol. 5, No. 2, pp. 614-628.
  10. Gascoyne, M. (2002). Influence of grout and cement on groundwater composition. Posiva Working Report, 7, Posiva, Eurajoki, Finland, p. 44.
  11. Hawaii State Commission on Water Resources Management (CWRM) (2004). Hawaii well construction & pump installation standards. Honolulu, HI, U.S., p. 48.
  12. Jeju Groundwater Research Center (JGRC) (2022). Annual report of groundwater monitoring on Jeju island. 2022. Jeju Groundwater Research Center & Jeju Special Self-Governing Province.
  13. Jeju Research Institute (JRI) (2018). Completion report on the installation of groundwater drilling survey wells in the western region of Jeju.
  14. Jejudo (2001). Comprehensive survey of hydrological geology and groundwater resources of Jeju Island.
  15. Jinsan Corporation (JC) (2019). Installation report for groundwater quality investigation drilling wells.
  16. Ko, K.S., Kim, Y., Koh, D.C., Lee, K.S., Lee, S.K., Kang, C.H., Seong, H.J., and Park, W.B. (2005). "Hydrogeochemical characterization of groundwater in Jeju Island using principal component analysis and geostatistics." Economic and Environmental Geololgy, Vol. 23, No. 4, pp. 435-450.
  17. Koh, D.C., Chae, G.T., Yoon, Y.Y., Kang, B.R., Koh, G.W., and Park, K.H. (2009). "Baseline geochemical characteristics of groundwater in the mountainous area of Jeju Island, South Korea: Implications for degree of mineralization and nitrate contamination." Journal of Hydrology, Vol. 376, No. 1-2, pp. 81-93.
  18. Koh, D.C., Chang, H.W., Lee, K.S., Ko, K.S., Kim, Y.J., and Park, W.B. (2005). "Hydrogeochemistry and environmental isotopes of groundwater in Jeju volcanic island, Korea: Implications for nitrate contamination." Hydrological Processes, Vol. 19, pp. 2225-2245.
  19. Koh, D.C., Ko, K.S., Kim, Y., Lee, S.G., and Chang, H.W. (2007). "Effect of agricultural land use on the chemistry of groundwater from basaltic aquifers, Jeju Island, South Korea." Hydrogeology Journal, Vol. 15, pp. 727-743.
  20. Koh, E.H., Kaown, D., Mayer, B., Kang, B.R., Moon, H.S., and Lee, K.K. (2012). "Hydrogeochemistry and isotopic tracing of nitrate contamination of two aquifer systems on Jeju Island, Korea." Journal of Environmental Quality, Vol. 41, pp. 1835-1845.
  21. Korea Rural Community Corporation (KRC) (2019). 2018 groundwater quality monitoring network establishment project completion report.
  22. Korea Rural Community Corporation (KRC) (2020). 2020 groundwater quality monitoring network establishment project report.
  23. Lee, B.D., Yun, U.K., Yun, S.T., and Cho, H.N. (2010). "Improvement of water quality for contaminated groundwater by NO3-N using compression packer in Boeun." The Journal of Engineering Geology, Vol. 20, No. 1, pp. 25-33.
  24. Nam, G.G., and Lee, T.G. (2022). "Durability and environmental impact of eco-friendly polymer grouting." Magazine of Korean Recycled Construction Resources Institute, Vol. 17, No. 1, pp. 28-31.
  25. Nilsson, A.C., and Sandberg, B. (2017). Elevated pH values in groundwater: Observations from SKB investigations 1976-2014 and possible causes. Report No. R-16-04, SKB, Stockholm, Sweden, pp. 13-24.
  26. Roadcap, G.S., Kelly, W.R., and Bethke, C.M. (2005). "Geochemistry of extremely alkaline (pH> 12) ground water in slag-fill aquifers." Groundwater, Vol. 43, No. 6, pp. 806-816.
  27. Walker, S.E. (1983). "Background ground-water quality monitoring well installation trauma." Symposium and Exposition on Aquifer Restoration and Ground-Water Monitoring, 3rd, Columbus, Ohio, U.S., pp. 235-246.
  28. Woo, N.C., Kim, H.D., Lee, K.S., Park, W.B., Koh, G.W., and Moon, Y.S. (2001). "Interpretation of groundwater system and contamination by water-quality monitoring in the Daejung watershed, Jeju Island." Economic and Environmental Geology, Vol. 34, No. 5, pp. 485-498.