Archives of Craniofacial Surgery (대한두개안면성형외과학회지)

Korean Cleft Palate-Craniofacial Association (대한두개안면성형외과학회)
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Hearing, speech, and language outcomes in school-aged children after cleft palate repair

  • Benjamas Prathanee (Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University) ;
  • Netra Buakanok (Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University) ;
  • Tawitree Pumnum (Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University) ;
  • Panida Thanawirattananit (Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University)
  • Received : 2024.07.05
  • Accepted : 2024.09.28
  • Published : 2024.10.20
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Abstract

Background: Following primary cleft palate repair, individuals face a heightened risk of hearing problems, particularly conductive hearing loss, compensatory articulation disorders (CADs), resonance disorders, delayed speech and language development, and voice disorders. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence and impact of these challenges in children with cleft palate with or without cleft lip (CP±L). Methods: This cross-sectional study included 38 children with CP±L aged 5 to 13 years. A comprehensive evaluation involved audiological assessments (audiograms, tympanograms) by an audiologist and speech-language pathology assessments (Thai Speech Parameters for Patients with Cleft Palate, Articulation Screening Test) by speech-language pathologists. Results: The prevalence of hearing loss affected 27.63% of participants (21 out of 76 ears) and majority of cases involved conductive hearing loss. Velar substitution was the most common CAD, followed by nasalized voiced pressure consonants, phoneme-specific nasal air emission, and pharyngeal substitution. A moderate correlation was found between these CAD patterns and hypernasality at the word, sentence, and screening levels (r=0.44, p<0.01; r=0.43, p<0.01; and r=0.40, p=0.01). Conclusion: For summary, the most common type of hearing loss was conductive hearing loss. The predominant CAD pattern was velar substitution. The protocol could be designed to enhance early improvement in hearing and articulation, thereby supporting academic achievement and long-term quality of life.

Keywords

Acknowledgement

The authors thank the children with CP±L and their families for their cooperation and for providing valuable data. The authors thank the staff of Tawanchai Foundation for facilitating the collection of data and Dr. Kaewjai Thepsuthammarat, Department of Epidemiology, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen for assistance with and suggestions for the statistical analysis.

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