Animal Bioscience

Asian Australasian Association of Animal Production Societies (아세아태평양축산학회)
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Effects of benzoic acid in pig diets on nitrogen utilization, urinary pH, slurry pH, and odorous compounds

  • Seung Bin Yoo (Department of Animal Science, Konkuk University) ;
  • Yoon Soo Song (Department of Animal Science, Konkuk University) ;
  • Siyoung Seo (Animal Environmental Division, National Institute of Animal Science) ;
  • Sung Woo Kim (Department of Animal Science, North Carolina State University) ;
  • Beob Gyun Kim (Department of Animal Science, Konkuk University)
  • Received : 2024.04.06
  • Accepted : 2024.07.01
  • Published : 2024.12.01
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Abstract

Objective: The objective was to investigate the effects of dietary benzoic acid (BA) on nitrogen (N) balance, urinary pH, slurry pH, and odorous compounds in feces and slurry of pigs. Methods: Twelve barrows with an initial body weight of 56.2±2.6 kg were individually housed in metabolism crates. The animals were allocated to a replicated 6×4 incomplete Latin square design with 12 animals, 6 experimental diets, and 4 periods, resulting in 8 observations per treatment. The basal diet consisted mainly of corn, soybean meal, and rapeseed meal. Benzoic acid was supplemented to the basal diet at 0.5%, 1.0%, 1.5%, 2.0%, or 2.5% at the expense of corn starch. Each period consisted of a 4-day adaptation period and a 24-h collection period for slurry, followed by a 4-day collection period for feces and urine. On day 5, feces and urine were collected for 24 h and mixed to obtain slurry samples. Results: The daily digested N linearly increased (p<0.05) with increasing BA supplementation. Supplemental BA lowered urinary pH (p<0.001) and slurry pH (p<0.05) in a linear and quadratic manner. In the fecal samples, the concentrations of acetate, propionate, butyrate, and skatole linearly decreased (p<0.05) with supplemental BA. In the slurry samples, the concentrations of butyrate, isovalerate, and skatole linearly decreased (p<0.05) by supplemental BA. Conclusion: In conclusion, supplemental benzoic acid has the potential to improve nitrogen digestion in a dose-dependent manner for pigs. Additionally, dietary benzoic acid lowers urinary pH, slurry pH, and concentrations of odorous compounds in pig feces and slurry.

Keywords

Acknowledgement

This work was carried out with the support of "Cooperative Research Program for Agriculture Science & Technology Development (Project No. PJ017087)" Rural Development Administration, Republic of Korea. This paper was written as part of Konkuk University's research support program for its faculty on sabbatical leave in 2024.

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