Animal Bioscience

Asian Australasian Association of Animal Production Societies (아세아태평양축산학회)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Prediction models for basal endogenous losses of crude protein and amino acids in pigs

  • Noa Park (Department of Animal Science, Konkuk University) ;
  • Hansol Kim (Department of Animal Science, Konkuk University) ;
  • Beob Gyun Kim (Department of Animal Science, Konkuk University)
  • Received : 2024.04.02
  • Accepted : 2024.06.03
  • Published : 2024.11.01
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

Objective: The objectives were to validate a previously published equation for estimating basal endogenous losses (BEL) of crude protein (CP) in pigs fed nitrogen-free diets and to develop prediction equations for BEL of CP and amino acids (AA). Methods: A total of 139 observations from 123 experiments in 117 papers that determined the BEL of CP and AA in pigs were collected. For the validation of the previous equation for the BEL of CP, 94 observations that were not used for developing the previous equation were used. All observations were used to develop novel equations for estimating BEL of CP in pigs based on the initial body weight (IBW). Results: The validation study indicated that the slope for BEL of CP, representing a linear bias, was less than zero (-0.56; standard error [SE] = 0.130; p<0.001). The intercept for BEL of CP, representing a mean bias, was less than zero (-3.21; SE = 0.488; p<0.001). The models for estimating BEL of CP (g/kg dry matter intake) in pigs fed a nitrogen-free diet were developed: 20.36-0.077×IBW with R2 = 0.11 and p<0.001 and 20.80×e(-0.00475×IBW) with R2 = 0.12 and p<0.001. Novel linear models for estimating BEL of AA were developed using BEL of CP as the independent variable. Conclusion: The accuracy of the previous equation for estimating BEL of CP in pigs has been improved by reflecting additional data from recent publications. In the novel linear models for estimating BEL of AA of pigs, BEL of CP was used as an independent variable.

Keywords

Acknowledgement

The authors are grateful for the support by the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) grant funded by the Korea government (MSIP; Ministry of Science, ICT & Future Planning) (No. 2021R1A2C2009921).

References

  1. Adeola O, Xue PC, Cowieson AJ, Ajuwon KM. Basal endogenous losses of amino acids in protein nutrition research for swine and poultry. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2016;221:274-83. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2016.06.004
  2. Lee SA, Ahn JY, Son AR, Kim BG. Standardized ileal digestibility of amino acids in cereal grains and co-products in growing pigs. Asian-Australas J Anim Sci 2020;33:1148-55. https://doi.org/10.5713/ajas.19.0449
  3. Son AR, Park CS, Park KR, Kim BG. Amino acid digestibility in plant protein sources fed to growing pigs. Asian-Australas J Anim Sci 2019;32:1745-52. https://doi.org/10.5713/ajas.19.0037
  4. Kil DY, Park CS, Son AR, Ji SY, Kim BG. Digestibility of crude protein and amino acids in corn grains from different origins for pigs. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2014;196:68-75. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2014.06.008
  5. Kong C, Kang HG, Kim BG, Kim KH. Ileal digestibility of amino acids in meat meal and soybean meal fed to growing pigs. Asian-Australas J Anim Sci 2014;27:990-5. https://doi.org/10.5713/ajas.2014.14217
  6. Stein HH, Seve B, Fuller MF, Moughan PJ, de Lange CFM. Invited review: amino acid bioavailability and digestibility in pig feed ingredients: terminology and application. J Anim Sci 2007;85:172-80. https://doi.org/10.2527/jas.2005-742
  7. Woyengo TA, Kiarie E, Nyachoti CM. Energy and amino acid utilization in expeller-extracted canola meal fed to growing pigs. J Anim Sci 2010;88:1433-41. https://doi.org/10.2527/jas.2009-2223
  8. Eklund M, Sauer N, Schone F, et al. Effect of processing of rapeseed under defined conditions in a pilot plant on chemical composition and standardized ileal amino acid digestibility in rapeseed meal for pigs. J Anim Sci 2015;93:2813-25. https://doi.org/10.2527/jas.2014-8210
  9. Kim H, Lee SH, Kim BG. Effects of dietary spray-dried plasma protein on nutrient digestibility and growth performance in nursery pigs. J Anim Sci 2022;100:skab351. https://doi.org/10.1093/jas/skab351
  10. Cervantes-Pahm SK, Liu Y, Stein HH. Digestible indispensable amino acid score and digestible amino acids in eight cereal grains. Br J Nutr 2014;111:1663-72. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0007114513004273
  11. Park CS, Oh SI, Kim BG. Prediction of basal endogenous losses of amino acids based on body weight and feed intake in pigs fed nitrogen-free diets. Rev Colomb Cienc Pecu 2013;26:186-92.
  12. National Research Council (NRC). Nutrient requirements of swine. 11th Rev ed. Washington, DC, USA: National Academy Press; 2012. https://doi.org/10.17226/13298
  13. Otto ER, Yokoyama M, Ku PK, Ames NK, Trottier NL. Nitrogen balance and ileal amino acid digestibility in growing pigs fed diets reduced in protein concentration. J Anim Sci 2003;81:1743-53. https://doi.org/10.2527/2003.8171743x
  14. Fox AJ. Outliers in time series. J R Stat Soc Series B Stat Methodol 1972;34:350-63. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.2517-6161.1972.tb00912.x
  15. Lee SA, Ahn JY, Kim BG. Digestible and metabolizable energy concentrations in cereal grains and byproduct ingredients fed to growing pigs. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2022;292:115408. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2022.115408
  16. Robbins KR, Saxton AM, Southern LL. Estimation of nutrient requirements using broken-line regression analysis. J Anim Sci 2006;84(Suppl 13):E155-65. https://doi.org/10.2527/2006.8413_supplE155x
  17. Kim BG, Lee SA, Park KR, Stein HH. At least 3 days of adaptation are required before indigestible markers (chromium, titanium, and acid insoluble ash) are stabilized in the ileal digesta of 60-kg pigs, but values for amino acid digestibility are affected by the marker. J Anim Sci 2020;98:skaa027. https://doi.org/10.1093/jas/skaa027
  18. Jansman AJM, Smink W, van Leeuwen P, Rademacher M. Evaluation through literature data of the amount and amino acid composition of basal endogenous crude protein at the terminal ileum of pigs. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2002;98:49-60. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0377-8401(02)00015-9
  19. Lee SA, Stein HH. Digestibility and availability of nutrients in feed ingredients. In: Chiba LI, editor. Sustainable Swine Nutrition. 2nd ed. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons Ltd; 2023. pp. 493-545. https://doi.org/10.1002/9781119583998.ch19
  20. de Lange CFM, Sauer WC, Souffrant W. The effect of protein status of the pig on the recovery and amino acid composition of endogenous protein in digesta collected from the distal ileum. J Anim Sci 1989;67:755-62. https://doi.org/10.2527/jas1989.673755x
  21. Adedokun SA, Dong K, Harmon DL. Evaluating the effects of adaptation length, dietary electrolyte balance, and energy source on ileal endogenous amino acid losses in pigs fed nitrogen-free diets. Can J Anim Sci 2019;99:532-41. https://doi.org/10.1139/cjas-2018-0124
  22. Hess V, Seve B. Effects of body weight and feed intake level on basal ileal endogenous losses in growing pigs. J Anim Sci 1999;77:3281-8. https://doi.org/10.2527/1999.77123281x
  23. Pahm AA, Pedersen C, Hoehler D, Stein HH. Factors affecting the variability in ileal amino acid digestibility in corn distillers dried grains with solubles fed to growing pigs. J Anim Sci 2008;86:2180-9. https://doi.org/10.2527/jas.2008-0868
  24. Barua M, Abdollahi MR, Zaefarian F, et al. Basal ileal endogenous amino acid flow in broiler chickens as influenced by age. Poult Sci 2021;100:101269. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psj.2021.101269
  25. Moter V, Stein HH. Effect of feed intake on endogenous losses and amino acid and energy digestibility by growing pigs. J Anim Sci 2004;82:3518-25. https://doi.org/10.2527/2004.82123518x
  26. Stein HH, Nyachoti M. Animal effects on ileal amino acid digestibility. In: Proceeding of the 9th International Symposium on Digestive Physiology in Pigs; 2003 May 14-18: Banff, AB, Canada. pp. 223-41.