Science of Emotion and Sensibility (감성과학)

Korean Society for Emotion and Sensibility (한국감성과학회)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

The Effects of Combined Stimulation Using Relaxation Scent and High Concentration Oxygen: fNIRS Study

휴식용 향과 고농도 산소를 이용한 복합 자극의 효과: fNIRS 연구

  • Byung-Chang Min
  • 민병찬 (국립한밭대학교 산업경영공학과)
  • Received : 2024.07.05
  • Accepted : 2024.07.30
  • Published : 2024.09.30
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

This study aims to explore the effect of combined stimulation consisting of relaxation-inducing scent and high-concentration oxygen on psychological/physiological responses. The cerebral blood flow responses and arousal that occur when oxygen concentration is controlled under the same scent conditions were observed. The experiment's scent was lavender oil (relaxing scent), and the oxygen concentrations were normal (21%) and high (30%). The experiment involved 12 male adults repeating a 5-minute rest period and a 5-minute stimulation period. The hemoglobin (HbO) concentration was extracted using the Beer-Lambert law to observe cerebral blood flow responses. Arousal was assessed using a 5-point scale questionnaire. A paired t-test was used to compare the two stimuli (lavender +21%, lavender +30%). Results reveal that HbO concentration in the frontal lobe increased, whereas arousal decreased at lavender +30% vs. lavender +21%. These results suggest that adding high-concentration oxygen to scent stimulation can induce more brain activation and relaxation.

이 연구의 목적은 이완을 유도하는 향과 고농도 산소를 결합한 자극이 심리적/생리적 반응에 미치는 영향을 탐구하는 것이다. 같은 향 조건 하에서 산소 농도를 조절했을 때 나타나는 뇌혈류 반응과 각성도가 관찰되었다. 실험에 사용된 향은 라벤더 오일(이완 향)이었고, 산소 농도로는 일반 농도 산소(21%)와 고농도 산소(30%)가 사용되었다. 실험은 총 12명의 성인 남성을 대상으로 휴식 기간(5분)과 자극 기간(5분)을 반복하여 실시되었다. 뇌혈류 반응을 관찰하기 위해 비어-램버트(Beer-Lambert) 법칙에 따라 헤모글로빈(HbO) 농도가 추출되었다. 각성도는 5점 척도 설문지를 사용하여 평가되었다. 두 자극(라벤더+21%, 라벤더+30%) 간 비교를 위해 쌍체 t-검정이 실시되었다. 결과적으로 라벤더+30%에서 라벤더+21%에 비해 전두엽의 HbO 농도가 증가하고 각성도가 감소하였다. 이 결과들은 기존의 향 자극에 고농도 산소가 추가된 복합 자극이 더 많은 뇌 활성화와 이완을 유도할 수 있음을 시사한다.

Keywords

Acknowledgement

이 논문은 2022학년도 한밭대학교 대학회계 연구비를 지원받아 작성되었음.

References

  1. Karan, N. B. (2019). Influence of lavender oil inhalation on vital signs and anxiety: A randomized clinical trial. Physiology & Behavior, 211, 112676.
  2. Cavanagh, H. M., & Wilkinson, J. M. (2005). Lavender essential oil: a review. Australian Infection Control, 10(1), 35-37. 
  3. Choi, M. H., Lee, S. J., Yang, J. W., Choi, J. S., Kim, H. S., Kim, H. J., & Chung, S. C. (2010). Activation of the limbic system under 30% oxygen during a visuospatial task: An fMRI study. Neuroscience Letters, 471(2), 70-73. 
  4. Chung, S. C., Iwaki, S., Tack, G. R., Yi, J. H., You, J. H., & Kwon, J. H. (2006). Effect of 30% oxygen administration on verbal cognitive performance, blood oxygen saturation and heart rate. Applied Psychophysiology and Biofeedback, 31, 281-293. 
  5. Chung, S. C., Kwon, J. H., Lee, H. W., Tack, G. R., Lee, B., Yi, J. H., & Lee, S. Y. (2007). Effects of high concentration oxygen administration on n-back task performance and physiological signals. Physiological Measurement, 28(4), 389-396. 
  6. Chung, S. C., Lee, B., Tack, G. R., Yi, J. H., Lee, H. W., Kwon, J. H., & Sohn, J. H. (2008). Physiological mechanism underlying the improvement in visuospatial performance due to 30% oxygen inhalation. Applied Ergonomics, 39(2), 166-170. 
  7. Chung, S. C., Min, B. C., Kim, S. G., Min, B. W., Oh, J. Y., & Kim, S. J. (1999). Effects of odors on the autonomic responses caused by mental stress. In Korea Society for Emotion and Sensibility, 413-416. 
  8. Chung, S. C., Tack, G. R., Lee, B., Eom, G. M., Lee, S. Y., & Sohn, J. H. (2004). The effect of 30% oxygen on visuospatial performance and brain activation: an fMRI study. Brain and Cognition, 56(3), 279-285. 
  9. Feng, K., Shen, C. Y., Ma, X. Y., Chen, G. F., Zhang, M. L., Xu, B., & Ju, Y. (2019). Effects of music therapy on major depressive disorder: A study of prefrontal hemodynamic functions using fNIRS. Psychiatry Research, 275, 86-93. 
  10. Ji, D. H., Min, C. K., Ryu, T. B., Shin, M. S., Chung, S. C., Kang, J. K., & Min, B. C. (2012). Effect of Highly Concentrated Oxygen and Stimulus of Odors on the Performance of Secondary Tasks While Driving Using Vehicle Graphic Driving Simulator. Journal of the Society of Korea Industrial and Systems Engineering, 35(4), 55-62. 
  11. Kim, K. B., & Min, B. C. (2019). The effects of peppermint fragrance on simultaneous stimuli in a vehicle graphic driving simulator. the convergent research society among humanities, Sociology, Science, and Technology, 9(5), 481-490. 
  12. Lodato, R. F. (1989). Decreased O2 consumption and cardiac output during normobaric hyperoxia in conscious dogs. Journal of Applied Physiology, 67(4), 1551-1559. 
  13. Nakano, Y., Kikuchi, A., Matsui, H., & Hatayama, T. (1992). A study of fragrance impressions, evaluation and categorization. Tohoku Psychologica Folia, 52, 83-90. 
  14. Sayorwan, W., Siripornpanich, V., Piriyapunyaporn, T., Hongratanaworakit, T., Kotchabhakdi, N., & Ruangrungsi, N. (2012). The effects of lavender oil inhalation on emotional states, autonomic nervous system, and brain electrical activity. Journal of the Medical Association of Thailand, 95(4), 598-606. 
  15. Shiina, Y., Funabashi, N., Lee, K., Toyoda, T., Sekine, T., Honjo, S., & Komuro, I. (2008). Relaxation effects of lavender aromatherapy improve coronary flow velocity reserve in healthy men evaluated by transthoracic Doppler echocardiography. International Journal of Cardiology, 129(2), 193-197. 
  16. Sung, E. J., Min, B. C., Jeon, H. J., Kim, S. C., & Kim, C. J. (2002). Influence of oxygen rate on driver fatigue during simulated driving. Korean Society for Emotion and Sensibility, 5(1), 71-78. 
  17. Toda, M., & Morimoto, K. (2008). Effect of lavender aroma on salivary endocrinological stress markers. Archives of Oral Biology, 53(10), 964-968. 
  18. Zhang, Z., Olszewska-Guizzo, A., Husain, S. F., Bose, J., Choi, J., Tan, W., & Ho, R. (2020). Brief relaxation practice induces significantly more prefrontal cortex activation during arithmetic tasks comparing to viewing greenery images as revealed by functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS). International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 17(22), 8366.