Journal of Soil and Groundwater Environment (한국지하수토양환경학회지:지하수토양환경)

Korean Society of Soil and Groundwater Environment (한국지하수토양환경학회)
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Derivation of Predicted no Effect Concentration of Perfluorooctanesulfonic Acid (PFOS) in Water and Soil Based on Species Sensitivity Distribution Considering Mode of Action

독성기전을 고려한 종 민감도 분포 기반 수계 및 토양 내 과불화옥탄술폰산(PFOS)의 예측 무영향 농도 산정

  • Sang-Gyu Yoon (Department of Smart City Engineering, Hanyang University) ;
  • Woo Hyun Kim (Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Hanyang University) ;
  • Yu-Jin Jung (Department of Smart City Engineering, Hanyang University) ;
  • Dahee Hong (Department of Civil and Environmental System Engineering, Hanyang University) ;
  • Jiyoung Kim (Department of Smart City Engineering, Hanyang University) ;
  • Sung-Hwan Jang (Department of Smart City Engineering, Hanyang University) ;
  • Tae-Woong Kim (Department of Smart City Engineering, Hanyang University) ;
  • Ihn-Sil Kwak (Department of Ocean Integrated Science, Chonnam National University) ;
  • Jinsung An (Department of Smart City Engineering, Hanyang University)
  • 윤상규 (한양대학교 대학원 스마트시티공학과) ;
  • 김우현 (한양대학교 ERICA 건설환경공학과) ;
  • 정유진 (한양대학교 대학원 스마트시티공학과) ;
  • 홍다희 (한양대학교 대학원 건설환경시스템공학과) ;
  • 김지영 (한양대학교 대학원 스마트시티공학과) ;
  • 장승환 (한양대학교 대학원 스마트시티공학과) ;
  • 김태웅 (한양대학교 대학원 스마트시티공학과) ;
  • 곽인실 (전남대학교 해양융합과학과) ;
  • 안진성 (한양대학교 대학원 스마트시티공학과)
  • Received : 2024.10.07
  • Accepted : 2024.10.22
  • Published : 2024.10.31
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Abstract

This study, estimates the predicted no effect concentration (PNEC) for the protection of organisms in aquatic and soil environments, considering the mode of action of Perfluorooctanesulfonic acid (PFOS). PNECs were derived using the species sensitivity distribution (SSD) approach to estimate the hazardous concentration for 5% of species (HC5), with applying assessment factors. Chronic toxicity data on PFOS were collected through the USEPA's ECOTOX database and literature reviews, and classified by toxicity endpoints. PNECs were then derived for each of seven toxicity endpoints that met the criteria for SSD fitting. For aquatic organisms, the PNEC for PFOS, based on all available chronic toxicity data, was determined to be 0.53 ㎍/L. The PNECs for development, genetics, enzymes, growth, reproduction, population, and biochemical biomarkers were 0.28, 0.43, 0.83, 0.90, 2.17, 111.17, and 3.53 ㎍/L, respectively. The lowest PNEC was observed when the toxic endpoint was set as development, which is considered to be due to the mode of action of PFOS, known to cause developmental toxicity by disrupting the endocrine system of organisms. For soil organisms, toxicity data were insufficient to estimate PNECs for individual endpoints, so all available data were used to estimate a PNEC of 0.75 mg/kg. Estimating PNECs that consider the mode of action of contaminants is expected to reduce the likelihood of underestimating protection levels for environmental contaminants. Additionally, this study highlights the need for ecotoxicological assessments for individual toxicity endpoints of emerging contaminants, including Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances, in soil environments.

Keywords

Acknowledgement

This work was supported by the Korea Environmental Industry & Technology Institute (KEITI) through the Aquatic Ecosystem Conservation Research Program, funded by the Korea Ministry of Environment (MOE)(2021003050001), the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) grant funded by the ministry of Science and ICT (MSIT) (NRF-2022R1F1A1076510).

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